CVE-2025-39863 (GCVE-0-2025-39863)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-19 15:26 – Updated: 2026-10-15 01:08
VLAI
Title
wifi: brcmfmac: fix use-after-free when rescheduling brcmf_btcoex_info work
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: brcmfmac: fix use-after-free when rescheduling brcmf_btcoex_info work The brcmf_btcoex_detach() only shuts down the btcoex timer, if the flag timer_on is false. However, the brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc(), which runs as timer handler, sets timer_on to false. This creates critical race conditions: 1.If brcmf_btcoex_detach() is called while brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc() is executing, it may observe timer_on as false and skip the call to timer_shutdown_sync(). 2.The brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc() may then reschedule the brcmf_btcoex_info worker after the cancel_work_sync() has been executed, resulting in use-after-free bugs. The use-after-free bugs occur in two distinct scenarios, depending on the timing of when the brcmf_btcoex_info struct is freed relative to the execution of its worker thread. Scenario 1: Freed before the worker is scheduled The brcmf_btcoex_info is deallocated before the worker is scheduled. A race condition can occur when schedule_work(&bt_local->work) is called after the target memory has been freed. The sequence of events is detailed below: CPU0 | CPU1 brcmf_btcoex_detach | brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc | bt_local->timer_on = false; if (cfg->btcoex->timer_on) | ... | cancel_work_sync(); | ... | kfree(cfg->btcoex); // FREE | | schedule_work(&bt_local->work); // USE Scenario 2: Freed after the worker is scheduled The brcmf_btcoex_info is freed after the worker has been scheduled but before or during its execution. In this case, statements within the brcmf_btcoex_handler() — such as the container_of macro and subsequent dereferences of the brcmf_btcoex_info object will cause a use-after-free access. The following timeline illustrates this scenario: CPU0 | CPU1 brcmf_btcoex_detach | brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc | bt_local->timer_on = false; if (cfg->btcoex->timer_on) | ... | cancel_work_sync(); | ... | schedule_work(); // Reschedule | kfree(cfg->btcoex); // FREE | brcmf_btcoex_handler() // Worker /* | btci = container_of(....); // USE The kfree() above could | ... also occur at any point | btci-> // USE during the worker's execution| */ | To resolve the race conditions, drop the conditional check and call timer_shutdown_sync() directly. It can deactivate the timer reliably, regardless of its current state. Once stopped, the timer_on state is then set to false.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-14 19:23 UTC
CWE
Assigner
Linux CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 7061 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 61730d4dfffc2cc9d3a49fad87633008105c18ba , < c75600e69e66a751cc046cd9c407b942f298d852 (git)
Affected: 61730d4dfffc2cc9d3a49fad87633008105c18ba , < ae58f70bde0433f27ef4b388ab50634736607bf6 (git)
Affected: 61730d4dfffc2cc9d3a49fad87633008105c18ba , < f1150153c4e5940fe49ab51136343c5b4fe49d63 (git)
Affected: 61730d4dfffc2cc9d3a49fad87633008105c18ba , < 3e789f8475f6c857c88de5c5bf4b24b11a477dd7 (git)
Affected: 61730d4dfffc2cc9d3a49fad87633008105c18ba , < 2f6fbc8e04ca1d1d5c560be694199f847229c625 (git)
Affected: 61730d4dfffc2cc9d3a49fad87633008105c18ba , < 9cb83d4be0b9b697eae93d321e0da999f9cdfcfc (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 3.10
Unaffected: 0 , < 3.10 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.210 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.167 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.105 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.46 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.16.6 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystem Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwifi: brcmfmac: fix use-after-free when rescheduling brcmf_btcoex_info work\n\nThe brcmf_btcoex_detach() only shuts down the btcoex timer, if the\nflag timer_on is false. However, the brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc(), which\nruns as timer handler, sets timer_on to false. This creates critical\nrace conditions:\n\n1.If brcmf_btcoex_detach() is called while brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc()\nis executing, it may observe timer_on as false and skip the call to\ntimer_shutdown_sync().\n\n2.The brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc() may then reschedule the brcmf_btcoex_info\nworker after the cancel_work_sync() has been executed, resulting in\nuse-after-free bugs.\n\nThe use-after-free bugs occur in two distinct scenarios, depending on\nthe timing of when the brcmf_btcoex_info struct is freed relative to\nthe execution of its worker thread.\n\nScenario 1: Freed before the worker is scheduled\n\nThe brcmf_btcoex_info is deallocated before the worker is scheduled.\nA race condition can occur when schedule_work(\u0026bt_local-\u003ework) is\ncalled after the target memory has been freed. The sequence of events\nis detailed below:\n\nCPU0                           | CPU1\nbrcmf_btcoex_detach            | brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc\n                               |   bt_local-\u003etimer_on = false;\n  if (cfg-\u003ebtcoex-\u003etimer_on)   |\n    ...                        |\n  cancel_work_sync();          |\n  ...                          |\n  kfree(cfg-\u003ebtcoex); // FREE  |\n                               |   schedule_work(\u0026bt_local-\u003ework); // USE\n\nScenario 2: Freed after the worker is scheduled\n\nThe brcmf_btcoex_info is freed after the worker has been scheduled\nbut before or during its execution. In this case, statements within\nthe brcmf_btcoex_handler() \u2014 such as the container_of macro and\nsubsequent dereferences of the brcmf_btcoex_info object will cause\na use-after-free access. The following timeline illustrates this\nscenario:\n\nCPU0                            | CPU1\nbrcmf_btcoex_detach             | brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc\n                                |   bt_local-\u003etimer_on = false;\n  if (cfg-\u003ebtcoex-\u003etimer_on)    |\n    ...                         |\n  cancel_work_sync();           |\n  ...                           |   schedule_work(); // Reschedule\n                                |\n  kfree(cfg-\u003ebtcoex); // FREE   |   brcmf_btcoex_handler() // Worker\n  /*                            |     btci = container_of(....); // USE\n   The kfree() above could      |     ...\n   also occur at any point      |     btci-\u003e // USE\n   during the worker\u0027s execution|\n   */                           |\n\nTo resolve the race conditions, drop the conditional check and call\ntimer_shutdown_sync() directly. It can deactivate the timer reliably,\nregardless of its current state. Once stopped, the timer_on state is\nthen set to false."
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              "value": "AV:L - The race is armed through a local nl80211/netlink command (NL80211_CMD_CRIT_PROTOCOL_START) on the local wireless device and freed through a local driver teardown/bus-reset path; no remote or adjacent-network frame reaches `brcmf_btcoex_detach()` or arms the btcoex timer directly. Although an adjacent attacker can induce the free side by halting the firmware (`BRCMF_D2H_DEV_FWHALT` \u2192 `brcmf_fw_crashed()` \u2192 `brcmf_bus_reset()`), a single attacker capable of both halves of the race operates locally.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides: the crit-proto `duration` makes the handler arm the timer at a deterministic `jiffies + 2s`, so the callback\u0027s execution moment is known in advance, and the same actor drives the teardown (bus reset / driver unbind / firmware halt) to land inside it. The attempt is cheap to repeat in a loop until the window is hit, and the freed `kmalloc-192` object can be sprayed with standard heap-grooming syscalls.\nPR:L - `NL80211_CMD_CRIT_PROTOCOL_START` carries `GENL_UNS_ADMIN_PERM` (CAP_NET_ADMIN), which on Android and embedded targets is held by the confined non-root Wi-Fi/supplicant service account rather than by real root in the init namespace, and the free side can be reached without root by making the firmware halt. Basic account-level access with that delegated network capability is sufficient, so this is Low rather than High.\nUI:N - The attacker issues the crit-proto start and triggers the teardown itself; no victim needs to mount a filesystem, open a file, or take any other action for the use-after-free to occur.\nS:U - The freed object, the corrupted slab, and the hijacked workqueue dispatch all live within the kernel\u0027s own security authority, with no crossing into a hypervisor, IOMMU, or other protection domain.\nC:H - The use-after-free lets the attacker reoccupy the freed `brcmf_btcoex_info` slot, after which `brcmf_btcoex_handler()` dereferences attacker-chosen `btci-\u003evif`, `btci-\u003evif-\u003eifp`, and `btci-\u003ecfg-\u003epub` pointers, yielding an arbitrary kernel-memory read primitive and disclosure of kernel addresses.\nI:H - `process_one_work()` loads `work-\u003efunc` out of the freed structure and calls it (`worker-\u003ecurrent_func = work-\u003efunc; worker-\u003ecurrent_func(work);`), so a resprayed slot gives a controlled indirect call, and `schedule_work()` on freed memory additionally corrupts worker-pool list linkage \u2014 a full control-flow-hijack and arbitrary-write primitive.\nA:H - Even without successful grooming, scheduling and executing work on a kfree\u0027d object dereferences poisoned/recycled memory and reliably produces a KASAN splat, oops, or kernel panic, taking the system down."
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            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwifi: brcmfmac: fix use-after-free when rescheduling brcmf_btcoex_info work\n\nThe brcmf_btcoex_detach() only shuts down the btcoex timer, if the\nflag timer_on is false. However, the brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc(), which\nruns as timer handler, sets timer_on to false. This creates critical\nrace conditions:\n\n1.If brcmf_btcoex_detach() is called while brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc()\nis executing, it may observe timer_on as false and skip the call to\ntimer_shutdown_sync().\n\n2.The brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc() may then reschedule the brcmf_btcoex_info\nworker after the cancel_work_sync() has been executed, resulting in\nuse-after-free bugs.\n\nThe use-after-free bugs occur in two distinct scenarios, depending on\nthe timing of when the brcmf_btcoex_info struct is freed relative to\nthe execution of its worker thread.\n\nScenario 1: Freed before the worker is scheduled\n\nThe brcmf_btcoex_info is deallocated before the worker is scheduled.\nA race condition can occur when schedule_work(\u0026bt_local-\u003ework) is\ncalled after the target memory has been freed. The sequence of events\nis detailed below:\n\nCPU0                           | CPU1\nbrcmf_btcoex_detach            | brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc\n                               |   bt_local-\u003etimer_on = false;\n  if (cfg-\u003ebtcoex-\u003etimer_on)   |\n    ...                        |\n  cancel_work_sync();          |\n  ...                          |\n  kfree(cfg-\u003ebtcoex); // FREE  |\n                               |   schedule_work(\u0026bt_local-\u003ework); // USE\n\nScenario 2: Freed after the worker is scheduled\n\nThe brcmf_btcoex_info is freed after the worker has been scheduled\nbut before or during its execution. In this case, statements within\nthe brcmf_btcoex_handler() \u2014 such as the container_of macro and\nsubsequent dereferences of the brcmf_btcoex_info object will cause\na use-after-free access. The following timeline illustrates this\nscenario:\n\nCPU0                            | CPU1\nbrcmf_btcoex_detach             | brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc\n                                |   bt_local-\u003etimer_on = false;\n  if (cfg-\u003ebtcoex-\u003etimer_on)    |\n    ...                         |\n  cancel_work_sync();           |\n  ...                           |   schedule_work(); // Reschedule\n                                |\n  kfree(cfg-\u003ebtcoex); // FREE   |   brcmf_btcoex_handler() // Worker\n  /*                            |     btci = container_of(....); // USE\n   The kfree() above could      |     ...\n   also occur at any point      |     btci-\u003e // USE\n   during the worker\u0027s execution|\n   */                           |\n\nTo resolve the race conditions, drop the conditional check and call\ntimer_shutdown_sync() directly. It can deactivate the timer reliably,\nregardless of its current state. Once stopped, the timer_on state is\nthen set to false."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nwifi: brcmfmac: corrige uso despu\u00e9s de liberaci\u00f3n al reprogramar el trabajo de brcmf_btcoex_info\n\nLa brcmf_btcoex_detach() solo apaga el temporizador btcoex, si el indicador timer_on es falso. Sin embargo, la brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc(), que se ejecuta como gestor de temporizador, establece timer_on en falso. Esto crea condiciones de carrera cr\u00edticas:\n\n1.Si se llama a brcmf_btcoex_detach() mientras brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc() se est\u00e1 ejecutando, puede observar timer_on como falso y omitir la llamada a timer_shutdown_sync().\n\n2.La brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc() puede entonces reprogramar el trabajador de brcmf_btcoex_info despu\u00e9s de que se haya ejecutado cancel_work_sync(), resultando en errores de uso despu\u00e9s de liberaci\u00f3n.\n\nLos errores de uso despu\u00e9s de liberaci\u00f3n ocurren en dos escenarios distintos, dependiendo del momento en que la estructura brcmf_btcoex_info es liberada en relaci\u00f3n con la ejecuci\u00f3n de su hilo de trabajador.\n\nEscenario 1: Liberada antes de que el trabajador sea programado\n\nLa brcmf_btcoex_info es desasignada antes de que el trabajador sea programado. Una condici\u00f3n de carrera puede ocurrir cuando se llama a schedule_work(\u0026bt_local-\u003ework) despu\u00e9s de que la memoria objetivo ha sido liberada. La secuencia de eventos se detalla a continuaci\u00f3n:\n\nCPU0                           | CPU1\nbrcmf_btcoex_detach            | brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc\n                               |   bt_local-\u003etimer_on = false;\n  if (cfg-\u003ebtcoex-\u003etimer_on)   |\n    ...                        |\n  cancel_work_sync();          |\n  ...                          |\n  kfree(cfg-\u003ebtcoex); // LIBERAR |\n                               |   schedule_work(\u0026bt_local-\u003ework); // USAR\n\nEscenario 2: Liberada despu\u00e9s de que el trabajador es programado\n\nLa brcmf_btcoex_info es liberada despu\u00e9s de que el trabajador ha sido programado pero antes o durante su ejecuci\u00f3n. En este caso, sentencias dentro del brcmf_btcoex_handler() \u2014 como la macro container_of y las desreferencias subsiguientes del objeto brcmf_btcoex_info causar\u00e1n un acceso de uso despu\u00e9s de liberaci\u00f3n. La siguiente l\u00ednea de tiempo ilustra este escenario:\n\nCPU0                            | CPU1\nbrcmf_btcoex_detach             | brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc\n                                |   bt_local-\u003etimer_on = false;\n  if (cfg-\u003ebtcoex-\u003etimer_on)    |\n    ...                         |\n  cancel_work_sync();           |\n  ...                           |   schedule_work(); // Reprogramar\n                                |\n  kfree(cfg-\u003ebtcoex); // LIBERAR |   brcmf_btcoex_handler() // Trabajador\n  /*                             |     btci = container_of(....); // USAR\n   El kfree() anterior tambi\u00e9n   |     ...\n   podr\u00eda ocurrir en cualquier   |     btci-\u003e // USAR\n   momento durante la ejecuci\u00f3n  |\n   del trabajador               |\n   */                           |\n\nPara resolver las condiciones de carrera, elimine la comprobaci\u00f3n condicional y llame a timer_shutdown_sync() directamente. Puede desactivar el temporizador de forma fiable, independientemente de su estado actual. Una vez detenido, el estado timer_on se establece entonces en falso."
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            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwifi: brcmfmac: fix use-after-free when rescheduling brcmf_btcoex_info work\n\nThe brcmf_btcoex_detach() only shuts down the btcoex timer, if the\nflag timer_on is false. However, the brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc(), which\nruns as timer handler, sets timer_on to false. This creates critical\nrace conditions:\n\n1.If brcmf_btcoex_detach() is called while brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc()\nis executing, it may observe timer_on as false and skip the call to\ntimer_shutdown_sync().\n\n2.The brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc() may then reschedule the brcmf_btcoex_info\nworker after the cancel_work_sync() has been executed, resulting in\nuse-after-free bugs.\n\nThe use-after-free bugs occur in two distinct scenarios, depending on\nthe timing of when the brcmf_btcoex_info struct is freed relative to\nthe execution of its worker thread.\n\nScenario 1: Freed before the worker is scheduled\n\nThe brcmf_btcoex_info is deallocated before the worker is scheduled.\nA race condition can occur when schedule_work(\u0026bt_local-\u003ework) is\ncalled after the target memory has been freed. The sequence of events\nis detailed below:\n\nCPU0                           | CPU1\nbrcmf_btcoex_detach            | brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc\n                               |   bt_local-\u003etimer_on = false;\n  if (cfg-\u003ebtcoex-\u003etimer_on)   |\n    ...                        |\n  cancel_work_sync();          |\n  ...                          |\n  kfree(cfg-\u003ebtcoex); // FREE  |\n                               |   schedule_work(\u0026bt_local-\u003ework); // USE\n\nScenario 2: Freed after the worker is scheduled\n\nThe brcmf_btcoex_info is freed after the worker has been scheduled\nbut before or during its execution. In this case, statements within\nthe brcmf_btcoex_handler() \u2014 such as the container_of macro and\nsubsequent dereferences of the brcmf_btcoex_info object will cause\na use-after-free access. The following timeline illustrates this\nscenario:\n\nCPU0                            | CPU1\nbrcmf_btcoex_detach             | brcmf_btcoex_timerfunc\n                                |   bt_local-\u003etimer_on = false;\n  if (cfg-\u003ebtcoex-\u003etimer_on)    |\n    ...                         |\n  cancel_work_sync();           |\n  ...                           |   schedule_work(); // Reschedule\n                                |\n  kfree(cfg-\u003ebtcoex); // FREE   |   brcmf_btcoex_handler() // Worker\n  /*                            |     btci = container_of(....); // USE\n   The kfree() above could      |     ...\n   also occur at any point      |     btci-\u003e // USE\n   during the worker\u0027s execution|\n   */                           |\n\nTo resolve the race conditions, drop the conditional check and call\ntimer_shutdown_sync() directly. It can deactivate the timer reliably,\nregardless of its current state. Once stopped, the timer_on state is\nthen set to false."
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV3_1": {
                "baseScore": 7.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              }
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-07-30T05:58:08.210Z",
            "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "shortName": "Linux"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c75600e69e66a751cc046cd9c407b942f298d852"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ae58f70bde0433f27ef4b388ab50634736607bf6"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f1150153c4e5940fe49ab51136343c5b4fe49d63"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3e789f8475f6c857c88de5c5bf4b24b11a477dd7"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2f6fbc8e04ca1d1d5c560be694199f847229c625"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9cb83d4be0b9b697eae93d321e0da999f9cdfcfc"
            }
          ],
          "title": "wifi: brcmfmac: fix use-after-free when rescheduling brcmf_btcoex_info work",
          "x_generator": {
            "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
          }
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "assignerShortName": "Linux",
        "cveId": "CVE-2025-39863",
        "datePublished": "2025-09-19T15:26:33.069Z",
        "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.143Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-07-30T05:58:08.210Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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