CVE-2025-38627 (GCVE-0-2025-38627)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-22 16:00 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:03
VLAI
Title
f2fs: compress: fix UAF of f2fs_inode_info in f2fs_free_dic
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: f2fs: compress: fix UAF of f2fs_inode_info in f2fs_free_dic The decompress_io_ctx may be released asynchronously after I/O completion. If this file is deleted immediately after read, and the kworker of processing post_read_wq has not been executed yet due to high workloads, It is possible that the inode(f2fs_inode_info) is evicted and freed before it is used f2fs_free_dic. The UAF case as below: Thread A Thread B - f2fs_decompress_end_io - f2fs_put_dic - queue_work add free_dic work to post_read_wq - do_unlink - iput - evict - call_rcu This file is deleted after read. Thread C kworker to process post_read_wq - rcu_do_batch - f2fs_free_inode - kmem_cache_free inode is freed by rcu - process_scheduled_works - f2fs_late_free_dic - f2fs_free_dic - f2fs_release_decomp_mem read (dic->inode)->i_compress_algorithm This patch store compress_algorithm and sbi in dic to avoid inode UAF. In addition, the previous solution is deprecated in [1] may cause system hang. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/c36ab955-c8db-4a8b-a9d0-f07b5f426c3f@kernel.org
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: bff139b49d9f70c1ac5384aac94554846aa834de , < 74cbeeca4f16823ba58c882e1d8b836c0e39c93d (git)
Affected: bff139b49d9f70c1ac5384aac94554846aa834de , < 5d604d40cd3232b09cb339941ef958e49283ed0a (git)
Affected: bff139b49d9f70c1ac5384aac94554846aa834de , < cc81768212cdc509e5a986274db7bc24d18cde19 (git)
Affected: bff139b49d9f70c1ac5384aac94554846aa834de , < 8fae5b6addd5f6895e03797b56e3c7b9f9cd15c9 (git)
Affected: bff139b49d9f70c1ac5384aac94554846aa834de , < 39868685c2a94a70762bc6d77dc81d781d05bff5 (git)
Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 6.0
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.175 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.118 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.78 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.16.1 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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{
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            "fs/f2fs/compress.c",
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nf2fs: compress: fix UAF of f2fs_inode_info in f2fs_free_dic\n\nThe decompress_io_ctx may be released asynchronously after\nI/O completion. If this file is deleted immediately after read,\nand the kworker of processing post_read_wq has not been executed yet\ndue to high workloads, It is possible that the inode(f2fs_inode_info)\nis evicted and freed before it is used f2fs_free_dic.\n\n    The UAF case as below:\n    Thread A                                      Thread B\n    - f2fs_decompress_end_io\n     - f2fs_put_dic\n      - queue_work\n        add free_dic work to post_read_wq\n                                                   - do_unlink\n                                                    - iput\n                                                     - evict\n                                                      - call_rcu\n    This file is deleted after read.\n\n    Thread C                                 kworker to process post_read_wq\n    - rcu_do_batch\n     - f2fs_free_inode\n      - kmem_cache_free\n     inode is freed by rcu\n                                             - process_scheduled_works\n                                              - f2fs_late_free_dic\n                                               - f2fs_free_dic\n                                                - f2fs_release_decomp_mem\n                                      read (dic-\u003einode)-\u003ei_compress_algorithm\n\nThis patch store compress_algorithm and sbi in dic to avoid inode UAF.\n\nIn addition, the previous solution is deprecated in [1] may cause system hang.\n[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/c36ab955-c8db-4a8b-a9d0-f07b5f426c3f@kernel.org"
        }
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            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
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              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The whole sequence \u2014 creating a compressed file via `FS_IOC_SETFLAGS`/`compress_extension`, evicting its page cache with `posix_fadvise()`, reading it, and unlinking it \u2014 is performed through ordinary local syscalls on a mounted f2fs volume. No network protocol, remote peer, or adjacent-network data reaches `f2fs_free_dic()`.\nAC:L - The attacker drives both sides of the race: they submit the compressed read that queues `free_work` and they issue the `close()`/`unlink()` that evicts the inode, and they widen the window at will by saturating `post_read_wq` (bounded `max_active = num_online_cpus()`) with concurrent post-read work so the kworker is delayed past the RCU grace period. Every attempt is free and retryable in a loop, and f2fs compression is a mainstream shipping configuration on Android and embedded devices, not a rare option.\nPR:L - No capability, LSM, or namespace gate exists on the path \u2014 `vfs_fileattr_set()` only requires `inode_owner_or_capable()` on the attacker\u0027s own file, and reading/unlinking a file the attacker created needs nothing beyond normal write access to their own directory. An ordinary user account or an Android app with storage access on a compression-enabled f2fs mount suffices.\nUI:N - The attacking process performs every step itself \u2014 create the compressed file, drop its cache, read it, and delete it. No victim must mount a filesystem, open a file, or take any other action.\nS:U - The freed `f2fs_inode_info`, the wild `sbi`/`cops` dereferences, and any resulting corruption all occur within the same kernel\u0027s security authority. No hypervisor, IOMMU, guest, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - This is a use-after-free read of a `f2fs_inode_cachep` object whose memory the attacker can groom by spraying after the RCU free, so the values pulled out (`inode-\u003ei_sb`, `i_compress_algorithm`) are attacker-influenced; the tainted `i_compress_algorithm` byte then indexes the 4-entry `f2fs_cops[]` array up to 255 entries out of bounds, reading arbitrary adjacent kernel data. Combined with the wild `sbi` deref, the flaw yields a kernel-memory read primitive usable for KASLR defeat and data disclosure.\nI:H - The garbage `cops` obtained from the out-of-bounds `f2fs_cops[]` index is immediately used for the indirect call `cops-\u003edestroy_decompress_ctx(dic)`, a control-flow hijack primitive, and the wild `sbi` is passed to `page_array_free()` which performs `kmem_cache_free(sbi-\u003epage_array_slab, pages)` \u2014 freeing a live object into an attacker-influenced cache pointer, a classic path to arbitrary heap corruption and privilege escalation. Per UAF scoring, heap grooming of the recycled inode slab gives write as well as read primitives.\nA:H - Even unexploited, dereferencing the freed inode\u0027s `i_sb` and calling through an out-of-bounds `f2fs_cops[]` entry oopses or panics the kernel, and it happens inside a `post_read_wq` kworker so the crash wedges the filesystem\u0027s decompression workqueue rather than just one task. The unprivileged attacker can retry the trigger indefinitely, and `panic_on_oops=1` builds (Android, automotive, embedded) take an immediate full system panic."
            }
          ]
        }
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        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:03:36.334Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/74cbeeca4f16823ba58c882e1d8b836c0e39c93d"
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        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/39868685c2a94a70762bc6d77dc81d781d05bff5"
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      ],
      "title": "f2fs: compress: fix UAF of f2fs_inode_info in f2fs_free_dic",
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-38627",
    "datePublished": "2025-08-22T16:00:35.856Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.029Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:03:36.334Z",
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      "initial_release_date": "2025-08-02T00:00:00.000Z",
      "product_status:fixed": "1",
      "product_status:known_affected": "5",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
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      "title": "f2fs: compress: fix UAF of f2fs_inode_info in f2fs_free_dic",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-38627.json",
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    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-38627\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-08-22T16:15:36.337\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-30T06:23:32.153\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nf2fs: compress: fix UAF of f2fs_inode_info in f2fs_free_dic\\n\\nThe decompress_io_ctx may be released asynchronously after\\nI/O completion. If this file is deleted immediately after read,\\nand the kworker of processing post_read_wq has not been executed yet\\ndue to high workloads, It is possible that the inode(f2fs_inode_info)\\nis evicted and freed before it is used f2fs_free_dic.\\n\\n    The UAF case as below:\\n    Thread A                                      Thread B\\n    - f2fs_decompress_end_io\\n     - f2fs_put_dic\\n      - queue_work\\n        add free_dic work to post_read_wq\\n                                                   - do_unlink\\n                                                    - iput\\n                                                     - evict\\n                                                      - call_rcu\\n    This file is deleted after read.\\n\\n    Thread C                                 kworker to process post_read_wq\\n    - rcu_do_batch\\n     - f2fs_free_inode\\n      - kmem_cache_free\\n     inode is freed by rcu\\n                                             - process_scheduled_works\\n                                              - f2fs_late_free_dic\\n                                               - f2fs_free_dic\\n                                                - f2fs_release_decomp_mem\\n                                      read (dic-\u003einode)-\u003ei_compress_algorithm\\n\\nThis patch store compress_algorithm and sbi in dic to avoid inode UAF.\\n\\nIn addition, the previous solution is deprecated in [1] may cause system hang.\\n[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/c36ab955-c8db-4a8b-a9d0-f07b5f426c3f@kernel.org\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: f2fs: compress: fix UAF de f2fs_inode_info en f2fs_free_dic El decompress_io_ctx puede liberarse de forma as\u00edncrona tras la finalizaci\u00f3n de la E/S. Si este archivo se elimina inmediatamente despu\u00e9s de la lectura, y el kworker del procesamiento de post_read_wq a\u00fan no se ha ejecutado debido a las altas cargas de trabajo, es posible que el inodo (f2fs_inode_info) se desaloje y se libere antes de que se use f2fs_free_dic. El caso de UAF como se muestra a continuaci\u00f3n: Hilo A Hilo B - f2fs_decompress_end_io - f2fs_put_dic - queue_work a\u00f1adir trabajo free_dic a post_read_wq - do_unlink - iput - evict - call_rcu Este archivo se elimina tras la lectura. Hilo C kworker para procesar post_read_wq - rcu_do_batch - f2fs_free_inode - kmem_cache_free inodo liberado por rcu - process_scheduled_works - f2fs_late_free_dic - f2fs_free_dic - f2fs_release_decomp_mem lectura (dic-\u0026gt;inode)-\u0026gt;i_compress_algorithm). Este parche almacena compress_algorithm y sbi en dic para evitar el UAF del inodo. Adem\u00e1s, la soluci\u00f3n anterior est\u00e1 obsoleta en [1] y puede causar un bloqueo del sistema. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/c36ab955-c8db-4a8b-a9d0-f07b5f426c3f@kernel.org\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"fs/f2fs/compress.c\",\"fs/f2fs/f2fs.h\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"bff139b49d9f70c1ac5384aac94554846aa834de\",\"lessThan\":\"74cbeeca4f16823ba58c882e1d8b836c0e39c93d\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"bff139b49d9f70c1ac5384aac94554846aa834de\",\"lessThan\":\"5d604d40cd3232b09cb339941ef958e49283ed0a\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"bff139b49d9f70c1ac5384aac94554846aa834de\",\"lessThan\":\"cc81768212cdc509e5a986274db7bc24d18cde19\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"bff139b49d9f70c1ac5384aac94554846aa834de\",\"lessThan\":\"8fae5b6addd5f6895e03797b56e3c7b9f9cd15c9\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"bff139b49d9f70c1ac5384aac94554846aa834de\",\"lessThan\":\"39868685c2a94a70762bc6d77dc81d781d05bff5\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"fs/f2fs/compress.c\",\"fs/f2fs/f2fs.h\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"6.0\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"6.0\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.175\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.118\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.78\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.16.1\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.16.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.17\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-416\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.0\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.16.1\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"3AF1532A-8F0C-4D73-8D9F-3580F2A8F834\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/39868685c2a94a70762bc6d77dc81d781d05bff5\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5d604d40cd3232b09cb339941ef958e49283ed0a\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/74cbeeca4f16823ba58c882e1d8b836c0e39c93d\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8fae5b6addd5f6895e03797b56e3c7b9f9cd15c9\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cc81768212cdc509e5a986274db7bc24d18cde19\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "None",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-30T10:22:47+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-38627",
      "id": "CVE-2025-38627",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-08-22T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "274",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: f2fs: compress: fix UAF of f2fs_inode_info in f2fs_free_dic",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-38627.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.