CVE-2025-38480 (GCVE-0-2025-38480)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-28 11:21 – Updated: 2026-05-11 21:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
comedi: Fix use of uninitialized data in insn_rw_emulate_bits()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
comedi: Fix use of uninitialized data in insn_rw_emulate_bits()
For Comedi `INSN_READ` and `INSN_WRITE` instructions on "digital"
subdevices (subdevice types `COMEDI_SUBD_DI`, `COMEDI_SUBD_DO`, and
`COMEDI_SUBD_DIO`), it is common for the subdevice driver not to have
`insn_read` and `insn_write` handler functions, but to have an
`insn_bits` handler function for handling Comedi `INSN_BITS`
instructions. In that case, the subdevice's `insn_read` and/or
`insn_write` function handler pointers are set to point to the
`insn_rw_emulate_bits()` function by `__comedi_device_postconfig()`.
For `INSN_WRITE`, `insn_rw_emulate_bits()` currently assumes that the
supplied `data[0]` value is a valid copy from user memory. It will at
least exist because `do_insnlist_ioctl()` and `do_insn_ioctl()` in
"comedi_fops.c" ensure at lease `MIN_SAMPLES` (16) elements are
allocated. However, if `insn->n` is 0 (which is allowable for
`INSN_READ` and `INSN_WRITE` instructions, then `data[0]` may contain
uninitialized data, and certainly contains invalid data, possibly from a
different instruction in the array of instructions handled by
`do_insnlist_ioctl()`. This will result in an incorrect value being
written to the digital output channel (or to the digital input/output
channel if configured as an output), and may be reflected in the
internal saved state of the channel.
Fix it by returning 0 early if `insn->n` is 0, before reaching the code
that accesses `data[0]`. Previously, the function always returned 1 on
success, but it is supposed to be the number of data samples actually
read or written up to `insn->n`, which is 0 in this case.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
Assigner
References
10 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4 , < 4c2981bf30401adfcdbfece4ab6f411f7c5875a1
(git)
Affected: ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4 , < 16256d7efcf7acc9f39abe21522c4c6b77f67c00 (git) Affected: ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4 , < c53570e62b5b28bdb56bb563190227f8307817a5 (git) Affected: ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4 , < 3050d197d6bc9ef128944a70210f42d2430b3000 (git) Affected: ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4 , < 10f9024a8c824a41827fff1fefefb314c98e2c88 (git) Affected: ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4 , < 2af1e7d389c2619219171d23f5b96dbcbb7f9656 (git) Affected: ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4 , < 3ab55ffaaf75d0c7b68e332c1cdcc1b0e0044870 (git) Affected: ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4 , < e9cb26291d009243a4478a7ffb37b3a9175bfce9 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
2.6.29
Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.29 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.297 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.241 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.190 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.147 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.100 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.40 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15.8 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ncomedi: Fix use of uninitialized data in insn_rw_emulate_bits()\n\nFor Comedi `INSN_READ` and `INSN_WRITE` instructions on \"digital\"\nsubdevices (subdevice types `COMEDI_SUBD_DI`, `COMEDI_SUBD_DO`, and\n`COMEDI_SUBD_DIO`), it is common for the subdevice driver not to have\n`insn_read` and `insn_write` handler functions, but to have an\n`insn_bits` handler function for handling Comedi `INSN_BITS`\ninstructions. In that case, the subdevice\u0027s `insn_read` and/or\n`insn_write` function handler pointers are set to point to the\n`insn_rw_emulate_bits()` function by `__comedi_device_postconfig()`.\n\nFor `INSN_WRITE`, `insn_rw_emulate_bits()` currently assumes that the\nsupplied `data[0]` value is a valid copy from user memory. It will at\nleast exist because `do_insnlist_ioctl()` and `do_insn_ioctl()` in\n\"comedi_fops.c\" ensure at lease `MIN_SAMPLES` (16) elements are\nallocated. However, if `insn-\u003en` is 0 (which is allowable for\n`INSN_READ` and `INSN_WRITE` instructions, then `data[0]` may contain\nuninitialized data, and certainly contains invalid data, possibly from a\ndifferent instruction in the array of instructions handled by\n`do_insnlist_ioctl()`. This will result in an incorrect value being\nwritten to the digital output channel (or to the digital input/output\nchannel if configured as an output), and may be reflected in the\ninternal saved state of the channel.\n\nFix it by returning 0 early if `insn-\u003en` is 0, before reaching the code\nthat accesses `data[0]`. Previously, the function always returned 1 on\nsuccess, but it is supposed to be the number of data samples actually\nread or written up to `insn-\u003en`, which is 0 in this case."
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: comedi: Se corrige el uso de datos no inicializados en insn_rw_emulate_bits(). Para las instrucciones `INSN_READ` e `INSN_WRITE` de Comedi en subdispositivos \"digitales\" (tipos de subdispositivo `COMEDI_SUBD_DI`, `COMEDI_SUBD_DO` y `COMEDI_SUBD_DIO`), es com\u00fan que el controlador del subdispositivo no tenga las funciones de controlador `insn_read` e `insn_write`, sino una funci\u00f3n de controlador `insn_bits` para manejar las instrucciones `INSN_BITS` de Comedi. En ese caso, los punteros del controlador de funci\u00f3n `insn_read` y/o `insn_write` del subdispositivo se configuran para apuntar a la funci\u00f3n `insn_rw_emulate_bits()` mediante `__comedi_device_postconfig()`. Para `INSN_WRITE`, `insn_rw_emulate_bits()` actualmente asume que el valor `data[0]` proporcionado es una copia v\u00e1lida de la memoria del usuario. Al menos existir\u00e1 porque `do_insnlist_ioctl()` y `do_insn_ioctl()` en \"comedi_fops.c\" garantizan la asignaci\u00f3n de al menos `MIN_SAMPLES` (16) elementos. Sin embargo, si `insn-\u0026gt;n` es 0 (lo cual es permitido para las instrucciones `INSN_READ` e `INSN_WRITE`, entonces `data[0]` puede contener datos no inicializados, y ciertamente contiene datos no v\u00e1lidos, posiblemente de una instrucci\u00f3n diferente en la matriz de instrucciones manejadas por `do_insnlist_ioctl()`. Esto dar\u00e1 como resultado que se escriba un valor incorrecto en el canal de salida digital (o en el canal de entrada/salida digital si se configura como una salida), y puede reflejarse en el estado guardado interno del canal. Arr\u00e9glelo devolviendo 0 temprano si `insn-\u0026gt;n` es 0, antes de llegar al c\u00f3digo que accede a `data[0]`. Anteriormente, la funci\u00f3n siempre devolv\u00eda 1 en caso de \u00e9xito, pero se supone que es el n\u00famero de muestras de datos realmente le\u00eddas o escritas hasta `insn-\u0026gt;n`, que es 0 en este caso."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-38480",
"lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:16:56.910",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 5.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
"impactScore": 3.6,
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
},
"published": "2025-07-28T12:15:29.853",
"references": [
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/10f9024a8c824a41827fff1fefefb314c98e2c88"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/16256d7efcf7acc9f39abe21522c4c6b77f67c00"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2af1e7d389c2619219171d23f5b96dbcbb7f9656"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3050d197d6bc9ef128944a70210f42d2430b3000"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3ab55ffaaf75d0c7b68e332c1cdcc1b0e0044870"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4c2981bf30401adfcdbfece4ab6f411f7c5875a1"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c53570e62b5b28bdb56bb563190227f8307817a5"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e9cb26291d009243a4478a7ffb37b3a9175bfce9"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-908"
}
],
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "None",
"current_release_date": "2026-06-30T10:29:09+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-38480",
"id": "CVE-2025-38480",
"initial_release_date": "2025-07-28T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "274",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: comedi: Fix use of uninitialized data in insn_rw_emulate_bits()",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-38480.json",
"version": "3"
}
}
}
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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
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- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
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- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.