GCVE Workshop - 22 September 2026 (14:00-18:00), Luxembourg Before The Vulnopticon Conference - Registration

CVE-2025-38270 (GCVE-0-2025-38270)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-10 07:41 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:00
VLAI
Title
net: drv: netdevsim: don't napi_complete() from netpoll
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: drv: netdevsim: don't napi_complete() from netpoll netdevsim supports netpoll. Make sure we don't call napi_complete() from it, since it may not be scheduled. Breno reports hitting a warning in napi_complete_done(): WARNING: CPU: 14 PID: 104 at net/core/dev.c:6592 napi_complete_done+0x2cc/0x560 __napi_poll+0x2d8/0x3a0 handle_softirqs+0x1fe/0x710 This is presumably after netpoll stole the SCHED bit prematurely.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 3762ec05a9fbda16aaaa2568df679ab8ad13f38d , < a8ff2e362d901200a1075c3ca9c56d9c7bbef389 (git)
Affected: 3762ec05a9fbda16aaaa2568df679ab8ad13f38d , < 6837dd877270c57689bd866de9f3de14172c2439 (git)
Affected: 3762ec05a9fbda16aaaa2568df679ab8ad13f38d , < 1264971017b4d7141352a7fe29021bdfce5d885d (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 6.10
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.10 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.34 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.15.3 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.16 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/net/netdevsim/netdev.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "a8ff2e362d901200a1075c3ca9c56d9c7bbef389",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "3762ec05a9fbda16aaaa2568df679ab8ad13f38d",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6837dd877270c57689bd866de9f3de14172c2439",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "3762ec05a9fbda16aaaa2568df679ab8ad13f38d",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "1264971017b4d7141352a7fe29021bdfce5d885d",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "3762ec05a9fbda16aaaa2568df679ab8ad13f38d",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/net/netdevsim/netdev.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.10"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.10",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.34",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.15.3",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.16",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.34",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.10",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.3",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.10",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.16",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.10",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: drv: netdevsim: don\u0027t napi_complete() from netpoll\n\nnetdevsim supports netpoll. Make sure we don\u0027t call napi_complete()\nfrom it, since it may not be scheduled. Breno reports hitting a\nwarning in napi_complete_done():\n\nWARNING: CPU: 14 PID: 104 at net/core/dev.c:6592 napi_complete_done+0x2cc/0x560\n  __napi_poll+0x2d8/0x3a0\n  handle_softirqs+0x1fe/0x710\n\nThis is presumably after netpoll stole the SCHED bit prematurely."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - netdevsim is a purely software-simulated netdev with no physical link; the vulnerable `nsim_poll()` is reached by transmitting on a local netdevsim interface (`nsim_start_xmit` \u2192 `nsim_napi_rx` \u2192 `napi_schedule`) or via a locally configured netconsole/netpoll. There is no path from unsolicited remote traffic in a default configuration.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls both the trigger and the race: queuing \u226564 skbs on one RX ring makes `nsim_rcv()` return the full budget deterministically, and concurrent `napi_schedule()` from a second thread on another CPU is trivially arranged by multi-threaded sending. No condition depends on state outside the attacker\u0027s influence.\nPR:L - Given a netdevsim interface present in the attacker\u0027s network namespace (a routine setup on CI/test hosts and in admin-provisioned containers), an ordinary unprivileged local user can drive the RX ring to full budget simply by sending packets \u2014 no capability check guards `nsim_start_xmit()` or the NAPI poll path.\nUI:N - The condition is triggered entirely by the attacker\u0027s own packet transmission and softirq NAPI processing; no victim action of any kind is needed.\nS:U - The corrupted state (NAPI `state` bits, `poll_list`, GRO lists) and the resulting impact are all within the kernel\u0027s own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Clearing `NAPIF_STATE_SCHED` while still owning the instance destroys NAPI\u0027s only mutual-exclusion guarantee (netpoll_poll_lock is a no-op without netpoll), allowing two CPUs to run the same NAPI concurrently over shared `napi-\u003egro` and skb lists; the resulting list corruption/UAF is leverageable to read adjacent kernel memory.\nI:H - A `list_add_tail()` of an already-linked `poll_list` node onto a second CPU\u0027s poll list is an unlinked-pointer write into kernel list structures, and concurrent GRO/skb-queue manipulation yields further heap corruption \u2014 both classic primitives for controlled kernel memory writes.\nA:H - The reported symptom is a `WARN_ON_ONCE` in `napi_complete_done()` (fatal under `panic_on_warn`), and the NAPI-state desync additionally causes list corruption, `pr_crit` under `CONFIG_DEBUG_NET`, softirq loops, and oopses that take down the machine."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:00:52.836Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a8ff2e362d901200a1075c3ca9c56d9c7bbef389"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6837dd877270c57689bd866de9f3de14172c2439"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1264971017b4d7141352a7fe29021bdfce5d885d"
        }
      ],
      "title": "net: drv: netdevsim: don\u0027t napi_complete() from netpoll",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-38270",
    "datePublished": "2025-07-10T07:41:52.475Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.998Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:00:52.836Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-38270",
      "date": "2026-09-18",
      "epss": "0.00172",
      "percentile": "0.06993"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "product": "Linux",
                "programFiles": [
                  "drivers/net/netdevsim/netdev.c"
                ],
                "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                "vendor": "Linux",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "a8ff2e362d901200a1075c3ca9c56d9c7bbef389",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "3762ec05a9fbda16aaaa2568df679ab8ad13f38d",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "6837dd877270c57689bd866de9f3de14172c2439",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "3762ec05a9fbda16aaaa2568df679ab8ad13f38d",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "1264971017b4d7141352a7fe29021bdfce5d885d",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "3762ec05a9fbda16aaaa2568df679ab8ad13f38d",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "defaultStatus": "affected",
                "product": "Linux",
                "programFiles": [
                  "drivers/net/netdevsim/netdev.c"
                ],
                "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                "vendor": "Linux",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "6.10"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "6.10",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "0",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.12.34",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.15.3",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.16",
                    "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
          }
        ],
        "configurations": [
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "F6499D2B-1E57-44BB-866C-D74E63C32759",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.34",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "6.10",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "0541C761-BD5E-4C1A-8432-83B375D7EB92",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.3",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "6.13",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "6D4894DB-CCFE-4602-B1BF-3960B2E19A01",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: drv: netdevsim: don\u0027t napi_complete() from netpoll\n\nnetdevsim supports netpoll. Make sure we don\u0027t call napi_complete()\nfrom it, since it may not be scheduled. Breno reports hitting a\nwarning in napi_complete_done():\n\nWARNING: CPU: 14 PID: 104 at net/core/dev.c:6592 napi_complete_done+0x2cc/0x560\n  __napi_poll+0x2d8/0x3a0\n  handle_softirqs+0x1fe/0x710\n\nThis is presumably after netpoll stole the SCHED bit prematurely."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: net: drv: netdevsim: no ejecutar napi_complete() desde netpoll. netdevsim es compatible con netpoll. Aseg\u00farese de no ejecutar napi_complete() desde \u00e9l, ya que podr\u00eda no estar programado. Breno informa de una advertencia en napi_complete_done(): ADVERTENCIA: CPU: 14 PID: 104 en net/core/dev.c:6592 napi_complete_done+0x2cc/0x560 __napi_poll+0x2d8/0x3a0 handle_softirqs+0x1fe/0x710. Presumiblemente, esto se debe a que netpoll rob\u00f3 el bit SCHED prematuramente."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2025-38270",
        "lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:23:05.300",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
              "type": "Secondary"
            },
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
              "type": "Primary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2025-07-10T08:15:25.197",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1264971017b4d7141352a7fe29021bdfce5d885d"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6837dd877270c57689bd866de9f3de14172c2439"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a8ff2e362d901200a1075c3ca9c56d9c7bbef389"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Modified",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "NVD-CWE-noinfo"
              }
            ],
            "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "type": "Primary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-30T09:13:03+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-38270",
      "id": "CVE-2025-38270",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-07-10T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "184",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "90",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: net: drv: netdevsim: don\u0027t napi_complete() from netpoll",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-38270.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.