CVE-2025-38161 (GCVE-0-2025-38161)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-03 08:36 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
RDMA/mlx5: Fix error flow upon firmware failure for RQ destruction
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
RDMA/mlx5: Fix error flow upon firmware failure for RQ destruction
Upon RQ destruction if the firmware command fails which is the
last resource to be destroyed some SW resources were already cleaned
regardless of the failure.
Now properly rollback the object to its original state upon such failure.
In order to avoid a use-after free in case someone tries to destroy the
object again, which results in the following kernel trace:
refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free.
WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 37589 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0xf4/0x148
Modules linked in: rdma_ucm(OE) rdma_cm(OE) iw_cm(OE) ib_ipoib(OE) ib_cm(OE) ib_umad(OE) mlx5_ib(OE) rfkill mlx5_core(OE) mlxdevm(OE) ib_uverbs(OE) ib_core(OE) psample mlxfw(OE) mlx_compat(OE) macsec tls pci_hyperv_intf sunrpc vfat fat virtio_net net_failover failover fuse loop nfnetlink vsock_loopback vmw_vsock_virtio_transport_common vmw_vsock_vmci_transport vmw_vmci vsock xfs crct10dif_ce ghash_ce sha2_ce sha256_arm64 sha1_ce virtio_console virtio_gpu virtio_blk virtio_dma_buf virtio_mmio dm_mirror dm_region_hash dm_log dm_mod xpmem(OE)
CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 37589 Comm: python3 Kdump: loaded Tainted: G OE ------- --- 6.12.0-54.el10.aarch64 #1
Tainted: [O]=OOT_MODULE, [E]=UNSIGNED_MODULE
Hardware name: QEMU KVM Virtual Machine, BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015
pstate: 60400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)
pc : refcount_warn_saturate+0xf4/0x148
lr : refcount_warn_saturate+0xf4/0x148
sp : ffff80008b81b7e0
x29: ffff80008b81b7e0 x28: ffff000133d51600 x27: 0000000000000001
x26: 0000000000000000 x25: 00000000ffffffea x24: ffff00010ae80f00
x23: ffff00010ae80f80 x22: ffff0000c66e5d08 x21: 0000000000000000
x20: ffff0000c66e0000 x19: ffff00010ae80340 x18: 0000000000000006
x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000020 x15: ffff80008b81b37f
x14: 0000000000000000 x13: 2e656572662d7265 x12: ffff80008283ef78
x11: ffff80008257efd0 x10: ffff80008283efd0 x9 : ffff80008021ed90
x8 : 0000000000000001 x7 : 00000000000bffe8 x6 : c0000000ffff7fff
x5 : ffff0001fb8e3408 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : ffff800179993000
x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : ffff000133d51600
Call trace:
refcount_warn_saturate+0xf4/0x148
mlx5_core_put_rsc+0x88/0xa0 [mlx5_ib]
mlx5_core_destroy_rq_tracked+0x64/0x98 [mlx5_ib]
mlx5_ib_destroy_wq+0x34/0x80 [mlx5_ib]
ib_destroy_wq_user+0x30/0xc0 [ib_core]
uverbs_free_wq+0x28/0x58 [ib_uverbs]
destroy_hw_idr_uobject+0x34/0x78 [ib_uverbs]
uverbs_destroy_uobject+0x48/0x240 [ib_uverbs]
__uverbs_cleanup_ufile+0xd4/0x1a8 [ib_uverbs]
uverbs_destroy_ufile_hw+0x48/0x120 [ib_uverbs]
ib_uverbs_close+0x2c/0x100 [ib_uverbs]
__fput+0xd8/0x2f0
__fput_sync+0x50/0x70
__arm64_sys_close+0x40/0x90
invoke_syscall.constprop.0+0x74/0xd0
do_el0_svc+0x48/0xe8
el0_svc+0x44/0x1d0
el0t_64_sync_handler+0x120/0x130
el0t_64_sync+0x1a4/0x1a8
Severity
7.8 (High)
Assigner
References
9 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852 , < 26d2f662d3a6655a82fd8a287e8b1ce471567f36
(git)
Affected: e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852 , < f9784da76ad7be66230e829e743bdf68a2c49e56 (git) Affected: e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852 , < cf32affe6f3801cfb72a65e69c4bc7a8ee9be100 (git) Affected: e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852 , < 7c4c84cdcc19e89d42f6bf117238e5471173423e (git) Affected: e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852 , < 50ac361ff8914133e3cf6ef184bac90c22cb8d79 (git) Affected: e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852 , < 0a7790cbba654e925243571cf2f24d61603d3ed3 (git) Affected: e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852 , < 5d2ea5aebbb2f3ebde4403f9c55b2b057e5dd2d6 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
4.5
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.5 (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.239 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.186 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.142 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.94 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.34 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15.3 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T17:34:52.048Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"
},
{
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/qpc.c",
"include/linux/mlx5/driver.h"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "26d2f662d3a6655a82fd8a287e8b1ce471567f36",
"status": "affected",
"version": "e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "f9784da76ad7be66230e829e743bdf68a2c49e56",
"status": "affected",
"version": "e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "cf32affe6f3801cfb72a65e69c4bc7a8ee9be100",
"status": "affected",
"version": "e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "7c4c84cdcc19e89d42f6bf117238e5471173423e",
"status": "affected",
"version": "e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "50ac361ff8914133e3cf6ef184bac90c22cb8d79",
"status": "affected",
"version": "e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "0a7790cbba654e925243571cf2f24d61603d3ed3",
"status": "affected",
"version": "e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "5d2ea5aebbb2f3ebde4403f9c55b2b057e5dd2d6",
"status": "affected",
"version": "e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/qpc.c",
"include/linux/mlx5/driver.h"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.5"
},
{
"lessThan": "4.5",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.10.239",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.186",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.142",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.94",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.34",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.15.3",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.16",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.10.239",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.5",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.15.186",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.5",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.1.142",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.5",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.6.94",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.5",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.34",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.5",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.15.3",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.5",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.16",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.5",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nRDMA/mlx5: Fix error flow upon firmware failure for RQ destruction\n\nUpon RQ destruction if the firmware command fails which is the\nlast resource to be destroyed some SW resources were already cleaned\nregardless of the failure.\n\nNow properly rollback the object to its original state upon such failure.\n\nIn order to avoid a use-after free in case someone tries to destroy the\nobject again, which results in the following kernel trace:\nrefcount_t: underflow; use-after-free.\nWARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 37589 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0xf4/0x148\nModules linked in: rdma_ucm(OE) rdma_cm(OE) iw_cm(OE) ib_ipoib(OE) ib_cm(OE) ib_umad(OE) mlx5_ib(OE) rfkill mlx5_core(OE) mlxdevm(OE) ib_uverbs(OE) ib_core(OE) psample mlxfw(OE) mlx_compat(OE) macsec tls pci_hyperv_intf sunrpc vfat fat virtio_net net_failover failover fuse loop nfnetlink vsock_loopback vmw_vsock_virtio_transport_common vmw_vsock_vmci_transport vmw_vmci vsock xfs crct10dif_ce ghash_ce sha2_ce sha256_arm64 sha1_ce virtio_console virtio_gpu virtio_blk virtio_dma_buf virtio_mmio dm_mirror dm_region_hash dm_log dm_mod xpmem(OE)\nCPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 37589 Comm: python3 Kdump: loaded Tainted: G OE ------- --- 6.12.0-54.el10.aarch64 #1\nTainted: [O]=OOT_MODULE, [E]=UNSIGNED_MODULE\nHardware name: QEMU KVM Virtual Machine, BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015\npstate: 60400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)\npc : refcount_warn_saturate+0xf4/0x148\nlr : refcount_warn_saturate+0xf4/0x148\nsp : ffff80008b81b7e0\nx29: ffff80008b81b7e0 x28: ffff000133d51600 x27: 0000000000000001\nx26: 0000000000000000 x25: 00000000ffffffea x24: ffff00010ae80f00\nx23: ffff00010ae80f80 x22: ffff0000c66e5d08 x21: 0000000000000000\nx20: ffff0000c66e0000 x19: ffff00010ae80340 x18: 0000000000000006\nx17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000020 x15: ffff80008b81b37f\nx14: 0000000000000000 x13: 2e656572662d7265 x12: ffff80008283ef78\nx11: ffff80008257efd0 x10: ffff80008283efd0 x9 : ffff80008021ed90\nx8 : 0000000000000001 x7 : 00000000000bffe8 x6 : c0000000ffff7fff\nx5 : ffff0001fb8e3408 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : ffff800179993000\nx2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : ffff000133d51600\nCall trace:\n refcount_warn_saturate+0xf4/0x148\n mlx5_core_put_rsc+0x88/0xa0 [mlx5_ib]\n mlx5_core_destroy_rq_tracked+0x64/0x98 [mlx5_ib]\n mlx5_ib_destroy_wq+0x34/0x80 [mlx5_ib]\n ib_destroy_wq_user+0x30/0xc0 [ib_core]\n uverbs_free_wq+0x28/0x58 [ib_uverbs]\n destroy_hw_idr_uobject+0x34/0x78 [ib_uverbs]\n uverbs_destroy_uobject+0x48/0x240 [ib_uverbs]\n __uverbs_cleanup_ufile+0xd4/0x1a8 [ib_uverbs]\n uverbs_destroy_ufile_hw+0x48/0x120 [ib_uverbs]\n ib_uverbs_close+0x2c/0x100 [ib_uverbs]\n __fput+0xd8/0x2f0\n __fput_sync+0x50/0x70\n __arm64_sys_close+0x40/0x90\n invoke_syscall.constprop.0+0x74/0xd0\n do_el0_svc+0x48/0xe8\n el0_svc+0x44/0x1d0\n el0t_64_sync_handler+0x120/0x130\n el0t_64_sync+0x1a4/0x1a8"
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The vulnerable code is reached only through the local RDMA verbs uAPI (`/dev/infiniband/uverbsN` ioctl/write commands for WQ create/destroy, plus optional DEVX commands); no remote peer input reaches `mlx5_core_destroy_rq_tracked()`.\nAC:L - The attacker can deterministically force the firmware `DESTROY_RQ` to fail by creating a DEVX RQT/TIR that references the WQ\u0027s RQN (both objects share the caller\u0027s devx uid), then issuing WQ_DESTROY; the second destroy attempt (explicit or automatic at close()) always hits the refcount underflow, with no race to win.\nPR:L - Only an unprivileged local account with access to the uverbs character device is needed \u2014 no capability is checked in `ib_uverbs_ex_create_wq`, `UVERBS_METHOD_WQ_DESTROY`, or DEVX uid allocation, and rdma-core\u0027s default udev rules expose these nodes to normal users (including inside containers).\nUI:N - The full sequence (create WQ, pin a firmware reference, destroy twice or just close the fd) is performed entirely by the attacker\u0027s own process; no victim action is required.\nS:U - The corrupted refcount, hung task and freed-buffer DMA all remain within the kernel\u0027s own security authority on the same host; no VM, IOMMU or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Upstream reports this as a use-after-free (refcount underflow on an object whose lifetime tracking has been dismantled while firmware still owns it); on the affected pre-5.9 range the user\u0027s RQ buffers are unpinned and freed while the live RQ continues DMA-ing, allowing recycled kernel memory to be read back through the still-mapped queue.\nI:H - The same broken lifetime accounting yields a write primitive \u2014 a firmware-owned RQ continues DMA-writing attacker-influenced received packet data into pages returned to the page allocator, and refcount saturation destroys the object\u0027s free protocol, which is exploitable for memory corruption rather than a mere warning.\nA:H - The retried destroy blocks permanently in `wait_for_completion()` on an already-consumed completion, leaving an unkillable TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE thread inside close() while holding `ufile-\u003ehw_destroy_rwsem`, which also wedges any further use of that uverbs file and prevents device unbind/module removal."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:59:55.488Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/26d2f662d3a6655a82fd8a287e8b1ce471567f36"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f9784da76ad7be66230e829e743bdf68a2c49e56"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cf32affe6f3801cfb72a65e69c4bc7a8ee9be100"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7c4c84cdcc19e89d42f6bf117238e5471173423e"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/50ac361ff8914133e3cf6ef184bac90c22cb8d79"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0a7790cbba654e925243571cf2f24d61603d3ed3"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5d2ea5aebbb2f3ebde4403f9c55b2b057e5dd2d6"
}
],
"title": "RDMA/mlx5: Fix error flow upon firmware failure for RQ destruction",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-38161",
"datePublished": "2025-07-03T08:36:03.087Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.990Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:59:55.488Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-38161",
"date": "2026-09-24",
"epss": "0.00167",
"percentile": "0.05236"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/qpc.c",
"include/linux/mlx5/driver.h"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "26d2f662d3a6655a82fd8a287e8b1ce471567f36",
"status": "affected",
"version": "e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "f9784da76ad7be66230e829e743bdf68a2c49e56",
"status": "affected",
"version": "e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "cf32affe6f3801cfb72a65e69c4bc7a8ee9be100",
"status": "affected",
"version": "e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "7c4c84cdcc19e89d42f6bf117238e5471173423e",
"status": "affected",
"version": "e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "50ac361ff8914133e3cf6ef184bac90c22cb8d79",
"status": "affected",
"version": "e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "0a7790cbba654e925243571cf2f24d61603d3ed3",
"status": "affected",
"version": "e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "5d2ea5aebbb2f3ebde4403f9c55b2b057e5dd2d6",
"status": "affected",
"version": "e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/qpc.c",
"include/linux/mlx5/driver.h"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.5"
},
{
"lessThan": "4.5",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.10.239",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.186",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.142",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.94",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.34",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.15.3",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.16",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "BCE40757-52B3-4B2D-97ED-7D7A66F3DC94",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.10.239",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.5",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "D96F2C0D-0D4A-4658-AD34-D8A626EA422D",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.15.186",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.11",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "459B4E94-FE0E-434D-B782-95E3A5FFC6B1",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.1.142",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.16",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "304E3F01-7D7A-4908-994E-7F95C5C00B06",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.6.94",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.2",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "4FFA54AA-CDFE-4591-BD07-72813D0948F4",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.34",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.7",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "0541C761-BD5E-4C1A-8432-83B375D7EB92",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.15.3",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.13",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
},
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "FA6FEEC2-9F11-4643-8827-749718254FED",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nRDMA/mlx5: Fix error flow upon firmware failure for RQ destruction\n\nUpon RQ destruction if the firmware command fails which is the\nlast resource to be destroyed some SW resources were already cleaned\nregardless of the failure.\n\nNow properly rollback the object to its original state upon such failure.\n\nIn order to avoid a use-after free in case someone tries to destroy the\nobject again, which results in the following kernel trace:\nrefcount_t: underflow; use-after-free.\nWARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 37589 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0xf4/0x148\nModules linked in: rdma_ucm(OE) rdma_cm(OE) iw_cm(OE) ib_ipoib(OE) ib_cm(OE) ib_umad(OE) mlx5_ib(OE) rfkill mlx5_core(OE) mlxdevm(OE) ib_uverbs(OE) ib_core(OE) psample mlxfw(OE) mlx_compat(OE) macsec tls pci_hyperv_intf sunrpc vfat fat virtio_net net_failover failover fuse loop nfnetlink vsock_loopback vmw_vsock_virtio_transport_common vmw_vsock_vmci_transport vmw_vmci vsock xfs crct10dif_ce ghash_ce sha2_ce sha256_arm64 sha1_ce virtio_console virtio_gpu virtio_blk virtio_dma_buf virtio_mmio dm_mirror dm_region_hash dm_log dm_mod xpmem(OE)\nCPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 37589 Comm: python3 Kdump: loaded Tainted: G OE ------- --- 6.12.0-54.el10.aarch64 #1\nTainted: [O]=OOT_MODULE, [E]=UNSIGNED_MODULE\nHardware name: QEMU KVM Virtual Machine, BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015\npstate: 60400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)\npc : refcount_warn_saturate+0xf4/0x148\nlr : refcount_warn_saturate+0xf4/0x148\nsp : ffff80008b81b7e0\nx29: ffff80008b81b7e0 x28: ffff000133d51600 x27: 0000000000000001\nx26: 0000000000000000 x25: 00000000ffffffea x24: ffff00010ae80f00\nx23: ffff00010ae80f80 x22: ffff0000c66e5d08 x21: 0000000000000000\nx20: ffff0000c66e0000 x19: ffff00010ae80340 x18: 0000000000000006\nx17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000020 x15: ffff80008b81b37f\nx14: 0000000000000000 x13: 2e656572662d7265 x12: ffff80008283ef78\nx11: ffff80008257efd0 x10: ffff80008283efd0 x9 : ffff80008021ed90\nx8 : 0000000000000001 x7 : 00000000000bffe8 x6 : c0000000ffff7fff\nx5 : ffff0001fb8e3408 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : ffff800179993000\nx2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : ffff000133d51600\nCall trace:\n refcount_warn_saturate+0xf4/0x148\n mlx5_core_put_rsc+0x88/0xa0 [mlx5_ib]\n mlx5_core_destroy_rq_tracked+0x64/0x98 [mlx5_ib]\n mlx5_ib_destroy_wq+0x34/0x80 [mlx5_ib]\n ib_destroy_wq_user+0x30/0xc0 [ib_core]\n uverbs_free_wq+0x28/0x58 [ib_uverbs]\n destroy_hw_idr_uobject+0x34/0x78 [ib_uverbs]\n uverbs_destroy_uobject+0x48/0x240 [ib_uverbs]\n __uverbs_cleanup_ufile+0xd4/0x1a8 [ib_uverbs]\n uverbs_destroy_ufile_hw+0x48/0x120 [ib_uverbs]\n ib_uverbs_close+0x2c/0x100 [ib_uverbs]\n __fput+0xd8/0x2f0\n __fput_sync+0x50/0x70\n __arm64_sys_close+0x40/0x90\n invoke_syscall.constprop.0+0x74/0xd0\n do_el0_svc+0x48/0xe8\n el0_svc+0x44/0x1d0\n el0t_64_sync_handler+0x120/0x130\n el0t_64_sync+0x1a4/0x1a8"
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: RDMA/mlx5: Se corrige el flujo de error tras un fallo de firmware para la destrucci\u00f3n de RQ. Tras la destrucci\u00f3n de RQ, si falla el comando de firmware (que es el \u00faltimo recurso en destruirse), algunos recursos de software ya se hab\u00edan limpiado, independientemente del fallo. Ahora se restaura correctamente el objeto a su estado original tras dicho fallo. Para evitar un use-after free en caso de que alguien intente destruir el objeto de nuevo, lo que genera la siguiente traza del kernel: refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free. ADVERTENCIA: CPU: 0 PID: 37589 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0xf4/0x148 Modules linked in: rdma_ucm(OE) rdma_cm(OE) iw_cm(OE) ib_ipoib(OE) ib_cm(OE) ib_umad(OE) mlx5_ib(OE) rfkill mlx5_core(OE) mlxdevm(OE) ib_uverbs(OE) ib_core(OE) psample mlxfw(OE) mlx_compat(OE) macsec tls pci_hyperv_intf sunrpc vfat fat virtio_net net_failover failover fuse loop nfnetlink vsock_loopback vmw_vsock_virtio_transport_common vmw_vsock_vmci_transport vmw_vmci vsock xfs crct10dif_ce ghash_ce sha2_ce sha256_arm64 sha1_ce virtio_console virtio_gpu virtio_blk virtio_dma_buf virtio_mmio dm_mirror dm_region_hash dm_log dm_mod xpmem(OE) CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 37589 Comm: python3 Kdump: loaded Tainted: G OE ------- --- 6.12.0-54.el10.aarch64 #1 Tainted: [O]=OOT_MODULE, [E]=UNSIGNED_MODULE Hardware name: QEMU KVM Virtual Machine, BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015 pstate: 60400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) pc : refcount_warn_saturate+0xf4/0x148 lr : refcount_warn_saturate+0xf4/0x148 sp : ffff80008b81b7e0 x29: ffff80008b81b7e0 x28: ffff000133d51600 x27: 0000000000000001 x26: 0000000000000000 x25: 00000000ffffffea x24: ffff00010ae80f00 x23: ffff00010ae80f80 x22: ffff0000c66e5d08 x21: 0000000000000000 x20: ffff0000c66e0000 x19: ffff00010ae80340 x18: 0000000000000006 x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000020 x15: ffff80008b81b37f x14: 0000000000000000 x13: 2e656572662d7265 x12: ffff80008283ef78 x11: ffff80008257efd0 x10: ffff80008283efd0 x9 : ffff80008021ed90 x8 : 0000000000000001 x7 : 00000000000bffe8 x6 : c0000000ffff7fff x5 : ffff0001fb8e3408 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : ffff800179993000 x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : ffff000133d51600 Call trace: refcount_warn_saturate+0xf4/0x148 mlx5_core_put_rsc+0x88/0xa0 [mlx5_ib] mlx5_core_destroy_rq_tracked+0x64/0x98 [mlx5_ib] mlx5_ib_destroy_wq+0x34/0x80 [mlx5_ib] ib_destroy_wq_user+0x30/0xc0 [ib_core] uverbs_free_wq+0x28/0x58 [ib_uverbs] destroy_hw_idr_uobject+0x34/0x78 [ib_uverbs] uverbs_destroy_uobject+0x48/0x240 [ib_uverbs] __uverbs_cleanup_ufile+0xd4/0x1a8 [ib_uverbs] uverbs_destroy_ufile_hw+0x48/0x120 [ib_uverbs] ib_uverbs_close+0x2c/0x100 [ib_uverbs] __fput+0xd8/0x2f0 __fput_sync+0x50/0x70 __arm64_sys_close+0x40/0x90 invoke_syscall.constprop.0+0x74/0xd0 do_el0_svc+0x48/0xe8 el0_svc+0x44/0x1d0 el0t_64_sync_handler+0x120/0x130 el0t_64_sync+0x1a4/0x1a8 "
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-38161",
"lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:22:55.777",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
"impactScore": 5.9,
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"type": "Secondary"
},
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 5.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
"impactScore": 3.6,
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
},
"published": "2025-07-03T09:15:31.490",
"references": [
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0a7790cbba654e925243571cf2f24d61603d3ed3"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/26d2f662d3a6655a82fd8a287e8b1ce471567f36"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/50ac361ff8914133e3cf6ef184bac90c22cb8d79"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5d2ea5aebbb2f3ebde4403f9c55b2b057e5dd2d6"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7c4c84cdcc19e89d42f6bf117238e5471173423e"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cf32affe6f3801cfb72a65e69c4bc7a8ee9be100"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f9784da76ad7be66230e829e743bdf68a2c49e56"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Modified",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-191"
}
],
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-07-30T09:22:54+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-38161",
"id": "CVE-2025-38161",
"initial_release_date": "2025-07-03T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "232",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "42",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: RDMA/mlx5: Fix error flow upon firmware failure for RQ destruction",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-38161.json",
"version": "3"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Loading…
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
Loading…