CVE-2025-37871 (GCVE-0-2025-37871)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-09 06:43 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
nfsd: decrease sc_count directly if fail to queue dl_recall
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
nfsd: decrease sc_count directly if fail to queue dl_recall
A deadlock warning occurred when invoking nfs4_put_stid following a failed
dl_recall queue operation:
T1 T2
nfs4_laundromat
nfs4_get_client_reaplist
nfs4_anylock_blockers
__break_lease
spin_lock // ctx->flc_lock
spin_lock // clp->cl_lock
nfs4_lockowner_has_blockers
locks_owner_has_blockers
spin_lock // flctx->flc_lock
nfsd_break_deleg_cb
nfsd_break_one_deleg
nfs4_put_stid
refcount_dec_and_lock
spin_lock // clp->cl_lock
When a file is opened, an nfs4_delegation is allocated with sc_count
initialized to 1, and the file_lease holds a reference to the delegation.
The file_lease is then associated with the file through kernel_setlease.
The disassociation is performed in nfsd4_delegreturn via the following
call chain:
nfsd4_delegreturn --> destroy_delegation --> destroy_unhashed_deleg -->
nfs4_unlock_deleg_lease --> kernel_setlease --> generic_delete_lease
The corresponding sc_count reference will be released after this
disassociation.
Since nfsd_break_one_deleg executes while holding the flc_lock, the
disassociation process becomes blocked when attempting to acquire flc_lock
in generic_delete_lease. This means:
1) sc_count in nfsd_break_one_deleg will not be decremented to 0;
2) The nfs4_put_stid called by nfsd_break_one_deleg will not attempt to
acquire cl_lock;
3) Consequently, no deadlock condition is created.
Given that sc_count in nfsd_break_one_deleg remains non-zero, we can
safely perform refcount_dec on sc_count directly. This approach
effectively avoids triggering deadlock warnings.
Severity
7.5 (High)
Assigner
References
9 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
b874cdef4e67e5150e07eff0eae1cbb21fb92da1 , < b9bbe8f9d5663311d06667ce36d6ed255ead1a26
(git)
Affected: cdb796137c57e68ca34518d53be53b679351eb86 , < a70832d3555987035fc430ccd703acd89393eadb (git) Affected: d96587cc93ec369031bcd7658c6adc719873c9fd , < ba903539fff745d592d893c71b30e5e268a95413 (git) Affected: 9a81cde8c7ce65dd90fb47ceea93a45fc1a2fbd1 , < 7d192e27a431026c58d60edf66dc6cd98d0c01fc (git) Affected: cad3479b63661a399c9df1d0b759e1806e2df3c8 , < a7fce086f6ca84db409b9d58493ea77c1978897c (git) Affected: 133f5e2a37ce08c82d24e8fba65e0a81deae4609 , < 14985d66b9b99c12995dd99d1c6c8dec4114c2a5 (git) Affected: 230ca758453c63bd38e4d9f4a21db698f7abada8 , < a1d14d931bf700c1025db8c46d6731aa5cf440f9 (git) Affected: 63b91c8ff4589f5263873b24c052447a28e10ef7 (git) Affected: 6.13.11 , < 6.14 (semver) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5.10.236 , < 5.10.237
(semver)
Affected: 5.15.180 , < 5.15.181 (semver) Affected: 6.1.134 , < 6.1.135 (semver) Affected: 6.6.87 , < 6.6.88 (semver) Affected: 6.12.23 , < 6.12.25 (semver) Affected: 6.14.2 , < 6.14.4 (semver) |
guessed |
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnfsd: decrease sc_count directly if fail to queue dl_recall\n\nA deadlock warning occurred when invoking nfs4_put_stid following a failed\ndl_recall queue operation:\n T1 T2\n nfs4_laundromat\n nfs4_get_client_reaplist\n nfs4_anylock_blockers\n__break_lease\n spin_lock // ctx-\u003eflc_lock\n spin_lock // clp-\u003ecl_lock\n nfs4_lockowner_has_blockers\n locks_owner_has_blockers\n spin_lock // flctx-\u003eflc_lock\n nfsd_break_deleg_cb\n nfsd_break_one_deleg\n nfs4_put_stid\n refcount_dec_and_lock\n spin_lock // clp-\u003ecl_lock\n\nWhen a file is opened, an nfs4_delegation is allocated with sc_count\ninitialized to 1, and the file_lease holds a reference to the delegation.\nThe file_lease is then associated with the file through kernel_setlease.\n\nThe disassociation is performed in nfsd4_delegreturn via the following\ncall chain:\nnfsd4_delegreturn --\u003e destroy_delegation --\u003e destroy_unhashed_deleg --\u003e\nnfs4_unlock_deleg_lease --\u003e kernel_setlease --\u003e generic_delete_lease\nThe corresponding sc_count reference will be released after this\ndisassociation.\n\nSince nfsd_break_one_deleg executes while holding the flc_lock, the\ndisassociation process becomes blocked when attempting to acquire flc_lock\nin generic_delete_lease. This means:\n1) sc_count in nfsd_break_one_deleg will not be decremented to 0;\n2) The nfs4_put_stid called by nfsd_break_one_deleg will not attempt to\nacquire cl_lock;\n3) Consequently, no deadlock condition is created.\n\nGiven that sc_count in nfsd_break_one_deleg remains non-zero, we can\nsafely perform refcount_dec on sc_count directly. This approach\neffectively avoids triggering deadlock warnings."
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: nfsd: disminuir sc_count directamente si no se puede poner en cola dl_recall Se produjo una advertencia de bloqueo al invocar nfs4_put_stid despu\u00e9s de una operaci\u00f3n de cola dl_recall fallida: T1 T2 nfs4_laundromat nfs4_get_client_reaplist nfs4_anylock_blockers __break_lease spin_lock // ctx-\u0026gt;flc_lock spin_lock // clp-\u0026gt;cl_lock nfs4_lockowner_has_blockers locks_owner_has_blockers spin_lock // flctx-\u0026gt;flc_lock nfsd_break_deleg_cb nfsd_break_one_deleg nfs4_put_stid refcount_dec_and_lock spin_lock // clp-\u0026gt;cl_lock Cuando se abre un archivo, se genera una nfs4_delegation asignado con sc_count inicializado a 1, y el file_lease contiene una referencia a la delegaci\u00f3n. El file_lease se asocia entonces con el archivo a trav\u00e9s de kernel_setlease. La disociaci\u00f3n se realiza en nfsd4_delegreturn mediante la siguiente cadena de llamadas: nfsd4_delegreturn --\u0026gt; destroy_delegation --\u0026gt; destroy_unhashed_deleg --\u0026gt; nfs4_unlock_deleg_lease --\u0026gt; kernel_setlease --\u0026gt; generic_delete_lease La referencia sc_count correspondiente se liberar\u00e1 despu\u00e9s de esta disociaci\u00f3n. Dado que nfsd_break_one_deleg se ejecuta mientras mantiene el flc_lock, el proceso de disociaci\u00f3n se bloquea al intentar adquirir flc_lock en generic_delete_lease. Esto significa: 1) sc_count en nfsd_break_one_deleg no se decrementar\u00e1 a 0; 2) El `nfs4_put_stid` llamado por `nfsd_break_one_deleg` no intentar\u00e1 adquirir `cl_lock`; 3) Por consiguiente, no se crea ninguna condici\u00f3n de interbloqueo. Dado que `sc_count` en `nfsd_break_one_deleg` permanece distinto de cero, podemos ejecutar `refcount_dec` en `sc_count` directamente. Este enfoque evita eficazmente la activaci\u00f3n de advertencias de interbloqueo."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-37871",
"lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:22:24.690",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
"impactScore": 3.6,
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"type": "Secondary"
},
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 5.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
"impactScore": 3.6,
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
},
"published": "2025-05-09T07:16:08.210",
"references": [
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/14985d66b9b99c12995dd99d1c6c8dec4114c2a5"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d192e27a431026c58d60edf66dc6cd98d0c01fc"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a1d14d931bf700c1025db8c46d6731aa5cf440f9"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a70832d3555987035fc430ccd703acd89393eadb"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a7fce086f6ca84db409b9d58493ea77c1978897c"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b9bbe8f9d5663311d06667ce36d6ed255ead1a26"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ba903539fff745d592d893c71b30e5e268a95413"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Mailing List",
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Mailing List",
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Modified",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "NVD-CWE-noinfo"
}
],
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-08-03T07:16:21+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-37871",
"id": "CVE-2025-37871",
"initial_release_date": "2025-05-09T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "42",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "232",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: nfsd: decrease sc_count directly if fail to queue dl_recall",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-37871.json",
"version": "3"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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