CVE-2025-29774 (GCVE-0-2025-29774)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-14 17:05 – Updated: 2025-03-15 20:50
VLAI
Title
xml-crypto Vulnerable to XML Signature Verification Bypass via Multiple SignedInfo References
Summary
xml-crypto is an XML digital signature and encryption library for Node.js. An attacker may be able to exploit a vulnerability in versions prior to 6.0.1, 3.2.1, and 2.1.6 to bypass authentication or authorization mechanisms in systems that rely on xml-crypto for verifying signed XML documents. The vulnerability allows an attacker to modify a valid signed XML message in a way that still passes signature verification checks. For example, it could be used to alter critical identity or access control attributes, enabling an attacker with a valid account to escalate privileges or impersonate another user. Users of versions 6.0.0 and prior should upgrade to version 6.0.1 to receive a fix. Those who are still using v2.x or v3.x should upgrade to patched versions 2.1.6 or 3.2.1, respectively.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-14 18:36 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-347 - Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7836 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
node-saml xml-crypto Affected: >= 4.0.0, < 6.0.1
Affected: >= 3.0.0, < 3.2.1
Affected: < 2.1.6
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-29774",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-03-14T18:36:19.111763Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-03-14T18:40:50.828Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      },
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-03-15T20:50:21.614Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "https://workos.com/blog/samlstorm"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container",
        "x_generator": {
          "engine": "ADPogram 0.0.1"
        }
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "xml-crypto",
          "vendor": "node-saml",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 4.0.0, \u003c 6.0.1"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 3.0.0, \u003c 3.2.1"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 2.1.6"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "xml-crypto is an XML digital signature and encryption library for Node.js. An attacker may be able to exploit a vulnerability in versions prior to 6.0.1, 3.2.1, and 2.1.6 to bypass authentication or authorization mechanisms in systems that rely on xml-crypto for verifying signed XML documents. The vulnerability allows an attacker to modify a valid signed XML message in a way that still passes signature verification checks. For example, it could be used to alter critical identity or access control attributes, enabling an attacker with a valid account to escalate privileges or impersonate another user. Users of versions 6.0.0 and prior should upgrade to version 6.0.1 to receive a fix. Those who are still using v2.x or v3.x should upgrade to patched versions 2.1.6 or 3.2.1, respectively."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 9.3,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-347",
              "description": "CWE-347: Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-03-14T17:05:53.943Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/security/advisories/GHSA-9p8x-f768-wp2g",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/security/advisories/GHSA-9p8x-f768-wp2g"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/commit/28f92218ecbb8dcbd238afa4efbbd50302aa9aed",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/commit/28f92218ecbb8dcbd238afa4efbbd50302aa9aed"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/commit/886dc63a8b4bb5ae1db9f41c7854b171eb83aa98",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/commit/886dc63a8b4bb5ae1db9f41c7854b171eb83aa98"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/commit/8ac6118ee7978b46aa56b82cbcaa5fca58c93a07",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/commit/8ac6118ee7978b46aa56b82cbcaa5fca58c93a07"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/releases/tag/v2.1.6",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/releases/tag/v2.1.6"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/releases/tag/v3.2.1",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/releases/tag/v3.2.1"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/releases/tag/v6.0.1",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/releases/tag/v6.0.1"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-9p8x-f768-wp2g",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "xml-crypto Vulnerable to XML Signature Verification Bypass via Multiple SignedInfo References"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-29774",
    "datePublished": "2025-03-14T17:05:53.943Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-03-11T14:23:00.474Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-03-15T20:50:21.614Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-29774",
      "date": "2026-11-09",
      "epss": "0.09103",
      "percentile": "0.9534"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "product": "xml-crypto",
                "vendor": "node-saml",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "\u003e= 4.0.0, \u003c 6.0.1"
                  },
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "\u003e= 3.0.0, \u003c 3.2.1"
                  },
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "\u003c 2.1.6"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "xml-crypto is an XML digital signature and encryption library for Node.js. An attacker may be able to exploit a vulnerability in versions prior to 6.0.1, 3.2.1, and 2.1.6 to bypass authentication or authorization mechanisms in systems that rely on xml-crypto for verifying signed XML documents. The vulnerability allows an attacker to modify a valid signed XML message in a way that still passes signature verification checks. For example, it could be used to alter critical identity or access control attributes, enabling an attacker with a valid account to escalate privileges or impersonate another user. Users of versions 6.0.0 and prior should upgrade to version 6.0.1 to receive a fix. Those who are still using v2.x or v3.x should upgrade to patched versions 2.1.6 or 3.2.1, respectively."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "xml-crypto es una librer\u00eda de firma digital y cifrado XML para Node.js. Un atacante podr\u00eda explotar una vulnerabilidad en versiones anteriores a la 6.0.1, 3.2.1 y 2.1.6 para eludir los mecanismos de autenticaci\u00f3n o autorizaci\u00f3n en sistemas que dependen de xml-crypto para verificar documentos XML firmados. Esta vulnerabilidad permite a un atacante modificar un mensaje XML firmado v\u00e1lido de forma que a\u00fan supere las comprobaciones de verificaci\u00f3n de firma. Por ejemplo, podr\u00eda utilizarse para alterar atributos cr\u00edticos de identidad o control de acceso, lo que permitir\u00eda a un atacante con una cuenta v\u00e1lida escalar privilegios o suplantar la identidad de otro usuario. Los usuarios de las versiones 6.0.0 y anteriores deben actualizar a la versi\u00f3n 6.0.1 para obtener una correcci\u00f3n. Quienes a\u00fan utilicen las versiones 2.x o 3.x deben actualizar a las versiones 2.1.6 o 3.2.1, respectivamente."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2025-29774",
        "lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:05:38.920",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV40": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackRequirements": "NONE",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "baseScore": 9.3,
                "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
                "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
                "version": "4.0",
                "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
              },
              "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ],
          "ssvcV203": [
            {
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "ssvcData": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-29774",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "technicalImpact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-03-14T18:36:19.111763Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2025-03-14T17:15:52.870",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/commit/28f92218ecbb8dcbd238afa4efbbd50302aa9aed"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/commit/886dc63a8b4bb5ae1db9f41c7854b171eb83aa98"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/commit/8ac6118ee7978b46aa56b82cbcaa5fca58c93a07"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/releases/tag/v2.1.6"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/releases/tag/v3.2.1"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/releases/tag/v6.0.1"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/security/advisories/GHSA-9p8x-f768-wp2g"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "url": "https://workos.com/blog/samlstorm"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "vulnStatus": "Deferred",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-347"
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "type": "Secondary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Important",
      "current_release_date": "2026-10-27T02:28:11+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-29774",
      "id": "CVE-2025-29774",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-03-14T17:05:53.943000+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "2",
      "product_status:known_affected": "1",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "4",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "xml-crypto: xml-crypto Vulnerable to XML Signature Verification Bypass via Multiple SignedInfo References",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-29774.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": {
        "adp": [
          {
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2025-03-15T20:50:21.614Z",
              "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
              "shortName": "CVE"
            },
            "references": [
              {
                "url": "https://workos.com/blog/samlstorm"
              }
            ],
            "title": "CVE Program Container",
            "x_generator": {
              "engine": "ADPogram 0.0.1"
            }
          },
          {
            "metrics": [
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2025-29774",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "poc"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "yes"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "total"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2025-03-14T18:36:19.111763Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2025-03-14T18:40:39.385Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "product": "xml-crypto",
              "vendor": "node-saml",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "\u003e= 4.0.0, \u003c 6.0.1"
                },
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "\u003e= 3.0.0, \u003c 3.2.1"
                },
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "\u003c 2.1.6"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "xml-crypto is an XML digital signature and encryption library for Node.js. An attacker may be able to exploit a vulnerability in versions prior to 6.0.1, 3.2.1, and 2.1.6 to bypass authentication or authorization mechanisms in systems that rely on xml-crypto for verifying signed XML documents. The vulnerability allows an attacker to modify a valid signed XML message in a way that still passes signature verification checks. For example, it could be used to alter critical identity or access control attributes, enabling an attacker with a valid account to escalate privileges or impersonate another user. Users of versions 6.0.0 and prior should upgrade to version 6.0.1 to receive a fix. Those who are still using v2.x or v3.x should upgrade to patched versions 2.1.6 or 3.2.1, respectively."
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV4_0": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackRequirements": "NONE",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "baseScore": 9.3,
                "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
                "version": "4.0",
                "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
              }
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-347",
                  "description": "CWE-347: Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2025-03-14T17:05:53.943Z",
            "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
            "shortName": "GitHub_M"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/security/advisories/GHSA-9p8x-f768-wp2g",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/security/advisories/GHSA-9p8x-f768-wp2g"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/commit/28f92218ecbb8dcbd238afa4efbbd50302aa9aed",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/commit/28f92218ecbb8dcbd238afa4efbbd50302aa9aed"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/commit/886dc63a8b4bb5ae1db9f41c7854b171eb83aa98",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/commit/886dc63a8b4bb5ae1db9f41c7854b171eb83aa98"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/commit/8ac6118ee7978b46aa56b82cbcaa5fca58c93a07",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/commit/8ac6118ee7978b46aa56b82cbcaa5fca58c93a07"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/releases/tag/v2.1.6",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/releases/tag/v2.1.6"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/releases/tag/v3.2.1",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/releases/tag/v3.2.1"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/releases/tag/v6.0.1",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/node-saml/xml-crypto/releases/tag/v6.0.1"
            }
          ],
          "source": {
            "advisory": "GHSA-9p8x-f768-wp2g",
            "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
          },
          "title": "xml-crypto Vulnerable to XML Signature Verification Bypass via Multiple SignedInfo References"
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
        "cveId": "CVE-2025-29774",
        "datePublished": "2025-03-14T17:05:53.943Z",
        "dateReserved": "2025-03-11T14:23:00.474Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2025-03-15T20:50:21.614Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.1"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON
How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

Loading timeline…




    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.