CVE-2025-23161 (GCVE-0-2025-23161)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-01 12:55 – Updated: 2026-11-05 20:41
VLAI
Title
PCI: vmd: Make vmd_dev::cfg_lock a raw_spinlock_t type
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: PCI: vmd: Make vmd_dev::cfg_lock a raw_spinlock_t type The access to the PCI config space via pci_ops::read and pci_ops::write is a low-level hardware access. The functions can be accessed with disabled interrupts even on PREEMPT_RT. The pci_lock is a raw_spinlock_t for this purpose. A spinlock_t becomes a sleeping lock on PREEMPT_RT, so it cannot be acquired with disabled interrupts. The vmd_dev::cfg_lock is accessed in the same context as the pci_lock. Make vmd_dev::cfg_lock a raw_spinlock_t type so it can be used with interrupts disabled. This was reported as: BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at kernel/locking/spinlock_rt.c:48 Call Trace: rt_spin_lock+0x4e/0x130 vmd_pci_read+0x8d/0x100 [vmd] pci_user_read_config_byte+0x6f/0xe0 pci_read_config+0xfe/0x290 sysfs_kf_bin_read+0x68/0x90 [bigeasy: reword commit message] Tested-off-by: Luis Claudio R. Goncalves <lgoncalv@redhat.com> [kwilczynski: commit log] [bhelgaas: add back report info from https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20241218115951.83062-1-ryotkkr98@gmail.com/]
Severity
No CVSS data available.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-05 20:39 UTC
Assigner
Linux CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 6653 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 185a383ada2e7794b0e82e040223e741b24d2bf8 , < c250262d6485ca333e9821f85b07eb383ec546b1 (git)
Affected: 185a383ada2e7794b0e82e040223e741b24d2bf8 , < c2968c812339593ac6e2bdd5cc3adabe3f05fa53 (git)
Affected: 185a383ada2e7794b0e82e040223e741b24d2bf8 , < 13e5148f70e81991acbe0bab5b1b50ba699116e7 (git)
Affected: 185a383ada2e7794b0e82e040223e741b24d2bf8 , < 5c3cfcf0b4bf43530788b08a8eaf7896ec567484 (git)
Affected: 185a383ada2e7794b0e82e040223e741b24d2bf8 , < 2358046ead696ca5c7c628d6c0e2c6792619a3e5 (git)
Affected: 185a383ada2e7794b0e82e040223e741b24d2bf8 , < 20d0a9062c031068fa39f725a32f182b709b5525 (git)
Affected: 185a383ada2e7794b0e82e040223e741b24d2bf8 , < 18056a48669a040bef491e63b25896561ee14d90 (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 4.5
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.5 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.181 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.135 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.88 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.24 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.13.12 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.14.3 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
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          {
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            "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: PCI: vmd: Convertir vmd_dev::cfg_lock en tipo raw_spinlock_t El acceso al espacio de configuraci\u00f3n PCI mediante pci_ops::read y pci_ops::write es un acceso de hardware de bajo nivel. Se puede acceder a las funciones con interrupciones deshabilitadas incluso en PREEMPT_RT. El pci_lock es un raw_spinlock_t para este prop\u00f3sito. Un spinlock_t se convierte en un bloqueo inactivo en PREEMPT_RT, por lo que no se puede adquirir con interrupciones deshabilitadas. Se accede a vmd_dev::cfg_lock en el mismo contexto que el pci_lock. Convertir vmd_dev::cfg_lock en un tipo raw_spinlock_t para que pueda usarse con interrupciones deshabilitadas. Esto se inform\u00f3 como: ERROR: funci\u00f3n inactiva llamada desde un contexto no v\u00e1lido en kernel/locking/spinlock_rt.c:48 Rastreo de llamadas: rt_spin_lock+0x4e/0x130 vmd_pci_read+0x8d/0x100 [vmd] pci_user_read_config_byte+0x6f/0xe0 pci_read_config+0xfe/0x290 sysfs_kf_bin_read+0x68/0x90 [bigeasy: reformular el mensaje de confirmaci\u00f3n] Probado por: Luis Claudio R. Goncalves  [kwilczynski: registro de confirmaciones] [bhelgaas: agregar informaci\u00f3n del informe de https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20241218115951.83062-1-ryotkkr98@gmail.com/]"
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2025-23161",
        "lastModified": "2026-11-05T21:17:50.997",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 5.5,
                "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "integrityImpact": "NONE",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
              "impactScore": 3.6,
              "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
              "type": "Primary"
            }
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                  },
                  {
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                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-11-05T20:39:52.254531Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              }
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          ]
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        "published": "2025-05-01T13:15:52.060",
        "references": [
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            "tags": [
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            "tags": [
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            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2358046ead696ca5c7c628d6c0e2c6792619a3e5"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
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            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5c3cfcf0b4bf43530788b08a8eaf7896ec567484"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
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            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c250262d6485ca333e9821f85b07eb383ec546b1"
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            "tags": [
              "Patch"
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            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c2968c812339593ac6e2bdd5cc3adabe3f05fa53"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "tags": [
              "Mailing List"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-667"
              }
            ],
            "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "type": "Primary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-11-05T15:25:31+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-23161",
      "id": "CVE-2025-23161",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-05-01T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "157",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "43",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: PCI: vmd: Make vmd_dev::cfg_lock a raw_spinlock_t type",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-23161.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": {
        "adp": [
          {
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T19:43:01.027Z",
              "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
              "shortName": "CVE"
            },
            "references": [
              {
                "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html"
              }
            ],
            "title": "CVE Program Container"
          },
          {
            "metrics": [
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2025-23161",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "none"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "no"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "partial"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2026-11-05T20:39:52.254531Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2026-11-05T20:39:54.399Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "product": "Linux",
              "programFiles": [
                "drivers/pci/controller/vmd.c"
              ],
              "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
              "vendor": "Linux",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThan": "c250262d6485ca333e9821f85b07eb383ec546b1",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "185a383ada2e7794b0e82e040223e741b24d2bf8",
                  "versionType": "git"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "c2968c812339593ac6e2bdd5cc3adabe3f05fa53",
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                },
                {
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                },
                {
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                  "status": "affected",
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                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "2358046ead696ca5c7c628d6c0e2c6792619a3e5",
                  "status": "affected",
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                  "versionType": "git"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "20d0a9062c031068fa39f725a32f182b709b5525",
                  "status": "affected",
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                  "versionType": "git"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "18056a48669a040bef491e63b25896561ee14d90",
                  "status": "affected",
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                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "defaultStatus": "affected",
              "product": "Linux",
              "programFiles": [
                "drivers/pci/controller/vmd.c"
              ],
              "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
              "vendor": "Linux",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "4.5"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "4.5",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "0",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "5.15.181",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.1.135",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.6.88",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.12.24",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "6.13.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.13.12",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "6.14.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.14.3",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.15",
                  "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "cpeApplicability": [
            {
              "nodes": [
                {
                  "cpeMatch": [
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.181",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "4.5",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.135",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "4.5",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.88",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "4.5",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.24",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "4.5",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.13.12",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "4.5",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.14.3",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "4.5",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.15",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "4.5",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    }
                  ],
                  "negate": false,
                  "operator": "OR"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nPCI: vmd: Make vmd_dev::cfg_lock a raw_spinlock_t type\n\nThe access to the PCI config space via pci_ops::read and pci_ops::write is\na low-level hardware access. The functions can be accessed with disabled\ninterrupts even on PREEMPT_RT. The pci_lock is a raw_spinlock_t for this\npurpose.\n\nA spinlock_t becomes a sleeping lock on PREEMPT_RT, so it cannot be\nacquired with disabled interrupts. The vmd_dev::cfg_lock is accessed in\nthe same context as the pci_lock.\n\nMake vmd_dev::cfg_lock a raw_spinlock_t type so it can be used with\ninterrupts disabled.\n\nThis was reported as:\n\n  BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at kernel/locking/spinlock_rt.c:48\n  Call Trace:\n   rt_spin_lock+0x4e/0x130\n   vmd_pci_read+0x8d/0x100 [vmd]\n   pci_user_read_config_byte+0x6f/0xe0\n   pci_read_config+0xfe/0x290\n   sysfs_kf_bin_read+0x68/0x90\n\n[bigeasy: reword commit message]\nTested-off-by: Luis Claudio R. Goncalves \u003clgoncalv@redhat.com\u003e\n[kwilczynski: commit log]\n[bhelgaas: add back report info from\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20241218115951.83062-1-ryotkkr98@gmail.com/]"
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:14:09.062Z",
            "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "shortName": "Linux"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c250262d6485ca333e9821f85b07eb383ec546b1"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c2968c812339593ac6e2bdd5cc3adabe3f05fa53"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/13e5148f70e81991acbe0bab5b1b50ba699116e7"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5c3cfcf0b4bf43530788b08a8eaf7896ec567484"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2358046ead696ca5c7c628d6c0e2c6792619a3e5"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/20d0a9062c031068fa39f725a32f182b709b5525"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/18056a48669a040bef491e63b25896561ee14d90"
            }
          ],
          "title": "PCI: vmd: Make vmd_dev::cfg_lock a raw_spinlock_t type",
          "x_generator": {
            "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
          }
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "assignerShortName": "Linux",
        "cveId": "CVE-2025-23161",
        "datePublished": "2025-05-01T12:55:46.021Z",
        "dateReserved": "2025-01-11T14:28:41.515Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-11-05T20:41:52.614Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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