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CVE-2025-23132 (GCVE-0-2025-23132)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-16 14:13 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:56
VLAI
Title
f2fs: quota: fix to avoid warning in dquot_writeback_dquots()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: f2fs: quota: fix to avoid warning in dquot_writeback_dquots() F2FS-fs (dm-59): checkpoint=enable has some unwritten data. ------------[ cut here ]------------ WARNING: CPU: 6 PID: 8013 at fs/quota/dquot.c:691 dquot_writeback_dquots+0x2fc/0x308 pc : dquot_writeback_dquots+0x2fc/0x308 lr : f2fs_quota_sync+0xcc/0x1c4 Call trace: dquot_writeback_dquots+0x2fc/0x308 f2fs_quota_sync+0xcc/0x1c4 f2fs_write_checkpoint+0x3d4/0x9b0 f2fs_issue_checkpoint+0x1bc/0x2c0 f2fs_sync_fs+0x54/0x150 f2fs_do_sync_file+0x2f8/0x814 __f2fs_ioctl+0x1960/0x3244 f2fs_ioctl+0x54/0xe0 __arm64_sys_ioctl+0xa8/0xe4 invoke_syscall+0x58/0x114 checkpoint and f2fs_remount may race as below, resulting triggering warning in dquot_writeback_dquots(). atomic write remount - do_remount - down_write(&sb->s_umount); - f2fs_remount - ioctl - f2fs_do_sync_file - f2fs_sync_fs - f2fs_write_checkpoint - block_operations - locked = down_read_trylock(&sbi->sb->s_umount) : fail to lock due to the write lock was held by remount - up_write(&sb->s_umount); - f2fs_quota_sync - dquot_writeback_dquots - WARN_ON_ONCE(!rwsem_is_locked(&sb->s_umount)) : trigger warning because s_umount lock was unlocked by remount If checkpoint comes from mount/umount/remount/freeze/quotactl, caller of checkpoint has already held s_umount lock, calling dquot_writeback_dquots() in the context should be safe. So let's record task to sbi->umount_lock_holder, so that checkpoint can know whether the lock has held in the context or not by checking current w/ it. In addition, in order to not misrepresent caller of checkpoint, we should not allow to trigger async checkpoint for those callers: mount/umount/remount/ freeze/quotactl.
Severity
7 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: af033b2aa8a874fd5737fafe90d159136527b5b4 , < d7acf0a6c87aa282c86a36dbaa2f92fda88c5884 (git)
Affected: af033b2aa8a874fd5737fafe90d159136527b5b4 , < eb85c2410d6f581e957cd03a644ff6ddbe592af9 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 4.20
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.20 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.14.2 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nf2fs: quota: fix to avoid warning in dquot_writeback_dquots()\n\nF2FS-fs (dm-59): checkpoint=enable has some unwritten data.\n\n------------[ cut here ]------------\nWARNING: CPU: 6 PID: 8013 at fs/quota/dquot.c:691 dquot_writeback_dquots+0x2fc/0x308\npc : dquot_writeback_dquots+0x2fc/0x308\nlr : f2fs_quota_sync+0xcc/0x1c4\nCall trace:\ndquot_writeback_dquots+0x2fc/0x308\nf2fs_quota_sync+0xcc/0x1c4\nf2fs_write_checkpoint+0x3d4/0x9b0\nf2fs_issue_checkpoint+0x1bc/0x2c0\nf2fs_sync_fs+0x54/0x150\nf2fs_do_sync_file+0x2f8/0x814\n__f2fs_ioctl+0x1960/0x3244\nf2fs_ioctl+0x54/0xe0\n__arm64_sys_ioctl+0xa8/0xe4\ninvoke_syscall+0x58/0x114\n\ncheckpoint and f2fs_remount may race as below, resulting triggering warning\nin dquot_writeback_dquots().\n\natomic write                                    remount\n                                                - do_remount\n                                                 - down_write(\u0026sb-\u003es_umount);\n                                                  - f2fs_remount\n- ioctl\n - f2fs_do_sync_file\n  - f2fs_sync_fs\n   - f2fs_write_checkpoint\n    - block_operations\n     - locked = down_read_trylock(\u0026sbi-\u003esb-\u003es_umount)\n       : fail to lock due to the write lock was held by remount\n                                                 - up_write(\u0026sb-\u003es_umount);\n     - f2fs_quota_sync\n      - dquot_writeback_dquots\n       - WARN_ON_ONCE(!rwsem_is_locked(\u0026sb-\u003es_umount))\n       : trigger warning because s_umount lock was unlocked by remount\n\nIf checkpoint comes from mount/umount/remount/freeze/quotactl, caller of\ncheckpoint has already held s_umount lock, calling dquot_writeback_dquots()\nin the context should be safe.\n\nSo let\u0027s record task to sbi-\u003eumount_lock_holder, so that checkpoint can\nknow whether the lock has held in the context or not by checking current\nw/ it.\n\nIn addition, in order to not misrepresent caller of checkpoint, we should\nnot allow to trigger async checkpoint for those callers: mount/umount/remount/\nfreeze/quotactl."
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              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is entered purely through local syscalls against a mounted f2fs volume \u2014 `syncfs()`, `fsync()` or `__f2fs_ioctl()` reaching `f2fs_sync_fs` \u2192 `f2fs_issue_checkpoint` \u2192 `block_operations`. There is no remote or network-facing route into f2fs checkpointing.\nAC:H - The attacker can spam the checkpoint side at will, but `down_read_trylock(\u0026sb-\u003es_umount)` only fails while a *writer* holds the lock, and every writer (mount/remount/umount/freeze/quotaon-off/shutdown ioctl) is a CAP_SYS_ADMIN operation the unprivileged attacker cannot initiate; the lock must additionally be released or be tearing down quota within the narrow window before `dquot_writeback_dquots()`. That timing dependency on an administrative mount-state change is beyond the attacker\u0027s control.\nPR:L - The attacker-facing half needs no privilege at all \u2014 any local user with a file or fd on the f2fs mount can loop on `syncfs()`/`fsync()` to drive checkpoints, which is the case on every Android device where `/data` is f2fs with the `quota_ino` feature enabled by default. No capability, and no user namespace, is required on the triggering path.\nUI:N - The attacker issues the triggering syscall themselves and nothing must be opened, mounted or clicked on their behalf. The concurrent administrative remount is a timing precondition already accounted for in Attack Complexity, not victim participation in the attack.\nS:U - The damage is confined to kernel memory and kernel-managed quota/filesystem state within the same security authority. No hypervisor, IOMMU or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Running `dquot_writeback_dquots()`/`f2fs_quota_sync_file()` without `s_umount` removes exactly the protection that keeps quota state alive \u2014 `dqopt-\u003efiles[type]-\u003ei_mapping` is dereferenced after only a lockless `sb_has_quota_active()` check, and `dqopt-\u003einfo[cnt].dqi_dirty_list` is walked while `invalidate_dquots()` frees its entries. A use-after-free read of `struct inode`/`struct dquot` in a general-purpose slab is leverageable for disclosure of adjacent kernel objects.\nI:H - The same unsynchronized window lets `filemap_fdatawrite()` and `dquot_write_dquot()` write through a quota inode that `vfs_cleanup_quota_inode()` has already `iput()`ed and NULLed, giving a write into freed slab memory alongside corruption of on-disk quota accounting (f2fs flags `SBI_QUOTA_NEED_REPAIR`, requiring fsck). A use-after-free write is a classic route to control-flow hijack.\nA:H - The immediate, reported effect is a `WARNING` splat that taints the kernel and is an outright panic on the many hardened Android, cloud and embedded builds that set `panic_on_warn=1`. Beyond that, the lost lock readily oopses the kernel via NULL dereference of a cleared `dqopt-\u003efiles[type]` or a use-after-free on the quota inode."
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        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nf2fs: quota: fix to avoid warning in dquot_writeback_dquots()\n\nF2FS-fs (dm-59): checkpoint=enable has some unwritten data.\n\n------------[ cut here ]------------\nWARNING: CPU: 6 PID: 8013 at fs/quota/dquot.c:691 dquot_writeback_dquots+0x2fc/0x308\npc : dquot_writeback_dquots+0x2fc/0x308\nlr : f2fs_quota_sync+0xcc/0x1c4\nCall trace:\ndquot_writeback_dquots+0x2fc/0x308\nf2fs_quota_sync+0xcc/0x1c4\nf2fs_write_checkpoint+0x3d4/0x9b0\nf2fs_issue_checkpoint+0x1bc/0x2c0\nf2fs_sync_fs+0x54/0x150\nf2fs_do_sync_file+0x2f8/0x814\n__f2fs_ioctl+0x1960/0x3244\nf2fs_ioctl+0x54/0xe0\n__arm64_sys_ioctl+0xa8/0xe4\ninvoke_syscall+0x58/0x114\n\ncheckpoint and f2fs_remount may race as below, resulting triggering warning\nin dquot_writeback_dquots().\n\natomic write                                    remount\n                                                - do_remount\n                                                 - down_write(\u0026sb-\u003es_umount);\n                                                  - f2fs_remount\n- ioctl\n - f2fs_do_sync_file\n  - f2fs_sync_fs\n   - f2fs_write_checkpoint\n    - block_operations\n     - locked = down_read_trylock(\u0026sbi-\u003esb-\u003es_umount)\n       : fail to lock due to the write lock was held by remount\n                                                 - up_write(\u0026sb-\u003es_umount);\n     - f2fs_quota_sync\n      - dquot_writeback_dquots\n       - WARN_ON_ONCE(!rwsem_is_locked(\u0026sb-\u003es_umount))\n       : trigger warning because s_umount lock was unlocked by remount\n\nIf checkpoint comes from mount/umount/remount/freeze/quotactl, caller of\ncheckpoint has already held s_umount lock, calling dquot_writeback_dquots()\nin the context should be safe.\n\nSo let\u0027s record task to sbi-\u003eumount_lock_holder, so that checkpoint can\nknow whether the lock has held in the context or not by checking current\nw/ it.\n\nIn addition, in order to not misrepresent caller of checkpoint, we should\nnot allow to trigger async checkpoint for those callers: mount/umount/remount/\nfreeze/quotactl."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: f2fs: cuota: correcci\u00f3n para evitar advertencias en dquot_writeback_dquots() F2FS-fs (dm-59): checkpoint=enable tiene algunos datos no escritos. ------------[ cortar aqu\u00ed ]------------ ADVERTENCIA: CPU: 6 PID: 8013 en fs/quota/dquot.c:691 dquot_writeback_dquots+0x2fc/0x308 pc : dquot_writeback_dquots+0x2fc/0x308 lr : f2fs_quota_sync+0xcc/0x1c4 Rastreo de llamadas: dquot_writeback_dquots+0x2fc/0x308 f2fs_quota_sync+0xcc/0x1c4 f2fs_write_checkpoint+0x3d4/0x9b0 f2fs_issue_checkpoint+0x1bc/0x2c0 f2fs_sync_fs+0x54/0x150 f2fs_do_sync_file+0x2f8/0x814 __f2fs_ioctl+0x1960/0x3244 f2fs_ioctl+0x54/0xe0 __arm64_sys_ioctl+0xa8/0xe4 evolve_syscall+0x58/0x114 el punto de control y f2fs_remount pueden competir como se muestra a continuaci\u00f3n, lo que activa una advertencia en dquot_writeback_dquots(). remot de escritura at\u00f3mica - do_remount - down_write(\u0026amp;sb-\u0026gt;s_umount); - f2fs_remount - ioctl - f2fs_do_sync_file - f2fs_sync_fs - f2fs_write_checkpoint - block_operations - locking = down_read_trylock(\u0026amp;sbi-\u0026gt;sb-\u0026gt;s_umount) : no se pudo bloquear debido a que el bloqueo de escritura fue mantenido por el remot - up_write(\u0026amp;sb-\u0026gt;s_umount); - f2fs_quota_sync - dquot_writeback_dquots - WARN_ON_ONCE(!rwsem_is_locked(\u0026amp;sb-\u0026gt;s_umount)) : activa una advertencia porque el bloqueo s_umount se desbloque\u00f3 al volver a montar Si el punto de control proviene de mount/umount/remount/freeze/quotactl, el llamador del punto de control ya ha mantenido el bloqueo s_umount, llamar a dquot_writeback_dquots() en el contexto deber\u00eda ser seguro. As\u00ed que grabemos la tarea en sbi-\u0026gt;umount_lock_holder, para que el punto de control pueda saber si el bloqueo se ha mantenido en el contexto o no al verificar la corriente con \u00e9l. Adem\u00e1s, para no tergiversar la llamada del punto de control, no deber\u00edamos permitir que se active el punto de control as\u00edncrono para esos llamadores: mount/umount/remount/freeze/quotactl."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2025-23132",
        "lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:22:16.193",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
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                "baseScore": 7.0,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
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              "type": "Secondary"
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                "baseScore": 5.5,
                "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "integrityImpact": "NONE",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
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              "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
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              "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
              "type": "Primary"
            }
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        },
        "published": "2025-04-16T15:16:07.630",
        "references": [
          {
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            "tags": [
              "Patch"
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            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d7acf0a6c87aa282c86a36dbaa2f92fda88c5884"
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        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Modified",
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    "redhat_vex": {
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      "current_release_date": "2026-07-30T09:37:11+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-23132",
      "id": "CVE-2025-23132",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-04-16T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "108",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "166",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: f2fs: quota: fix to avoid warning in dquot_writeback_dquots()",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-23132.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.