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CVE-2025-22023 (GCVE-0-2025-22023)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-16 10:23 – Updated: 2026-05-11 21:11
VLAI
Title
usb: xhci: Don't skip on Stopped - Length Invalid
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: usb: xhci: Don't skip on Stopped - Length Invalid Up until commit d56b0b2ab142 ("usb: xhci: ensure skipped isoc TDs are returned when isoc ring is stopped") in v6.11, the driver didn't skip missed isochronous TDs when handling Stoppend and Stopped - Length Invalid events. Instead, it erroneously cleared the skip flag, which would cause the ring to get stuck, as future events won't match the missed TD which is never removed from the queue until it's cancelled. This buggy logic seems to have been in place substantially unchanged since the 3.x series over 10 years ago, which probably speaks first and foremost about relative rarity of this case in normal usage, but by the spec I see no reason why it shouldn't be possible. After d56b0b2ab142, TDs are immediately skipped when handling those Stopped events. This poses a potential problem in case of Stopped - Length Invalid, which occurs either on completed TDs (likely already given back) or Link and No-Op TRBs. Such event won't be recognized as matching any TD (unless it's the rare Link TRB inside a TD) and will result in skipping all pending TDs, giving them back possibly before they are done, risking isoc data loss and maybe UAF by HW. As a compromise, don't skip and don't clear the skip flag on this kind of event. Then the next event will skip missed TDs. A downside of not handling Stopped - Length Invalid on a Link inside a TD is that if the TD is cancelled, its actual length will not be updated to account for TRBs (silently) completed before the TD was stopped. I had no luck producing this sequence of completion events so there is no compelling demonstration of any resulting disaster. It may be a very rare, obscure condition. The sole motivation for this patch is that if such unlikely event does occur, I'd rather risk reporting a cancelled partially done isoc frame as empty than gamble with UAF. This will be fixed more properly by looking at Stopped event's TRB pointer when making skipping decisions, but such rework is unlikely to be backported to v6.12, which will stay around for a few years.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: d56b0b2ab142940b06eac56dcb3ab1ab88df38a2 , < 6af20ac254cbd0e1178a3542767c9308e209eee5 (git)
Affected: d56b0b2ab142940b06eac56dcb3ab1ab88df38a2 , < 49cf6f5293aeb706dd672608478336a003f37df6 (git)
Affected: d56b0b2ab142940b06eac56dcb3ab1ab88df38a2 , < de9e78167f760a699806793d7c987239e4f6c8c3 (git)
Affected: d56b0b2ab142940b06eac56dcb3ab1ab88df38a2 , < 58d0a3fab5f4fdc112c16a4c6d382f62097afd1c (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 6.11
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.11 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.22 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.13.10 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.14.1 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nusb: xhci: Don\u0027t skip on Stopped - Length Invalid\n\nUp until commit d56b0b2ab142 (\"usb: xhci: ensure skipped isoc TDs are\nreturned when isoc ring is stopped\") in v6.11, the driver didn\u0027t skip\nmissed isochronous TDs when handling Stoppend and Stopped - Length\nInvalid events. Instead, it erroneously cleared the skip flag, which\nwould cause the ring to get stuck, as future events won\u0027t match the\nmissed TD which is never removed from the queue until it\u0027s cancelled.\n\nThis buggy logic seems to have been in place substantially unchanged\nsince the 3.x series over 10 years ago, which probably speaks first\nand foremost about relative rarity of this case in normal usage, but\nby the spec I see no reason why it shouldn\u0027t be possible.\n\nAfter d56b0b2ab142, TDs are immediately skipped when handling those\nStopped events. This poses a potential problem in case of Stopped -\nLength Invalid, which occurs either on completed TDs (likely already\ngiven back) or Link and No-Op TRBs. Such event won\u0027t be recognized\nas matching any TD (unless it\u0027s the rare Link TRB inside a TD) and\nwill result in skipping all pending TDs, giving them back possibly\nbefore they are done, risking isoc data loss and maybe UAF by HW.\n\nAs a compromise, don\u0027t skip and don\u0027t clear the skip flag on this\nkind of event. Then the next event will skip missed TDs. A downside\nof not handling Stopped - Length Invalid on a Link inside a TD is\nthat if the TD is cancelled, its actual length will not be updated\nto account for TRBs (silently) completed before the TD was stopped.\n\nI had no luck producing this sequence of completion events so there\nis no compelling demonstration of any resulting disaster. It may be\na very rare, obscure condition. The sole motivation for this patch\nis that if such unlikely event does occur, I\u0027d rather risk reporting\na cancelled partially done isoc frame as empty than gamble with UAF.\n\nThis will be fixed more properly by looking at Stopped event\u0027s TRB\npointer when making skipping decisions, but such rework is unlikely\nto be backported to v6.12, which will stay around for a few years."
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        "shortName": "Linux"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/58d0a3fab5f4fdc112c16a4c6d382f62097afd1c"
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Instead, it erroneously cleared the skip flag, which\\nwould cause the ring to get stuck, as future events won\u0027t match the\\nmissed TD which is never removed from the queue until it\u0027s cancelled.\\n\\nThis buggy logic seems to have been in place substantially unchanged\\nsince the 3.x series over 10 years ago, which probably speaks first\\nand foremost about relative rarity of this case in normal usage, but\\nby the spec I see no reason why it shouldn\u0027t be possible.\\n\\nAfter d56b0b2ab142, TDs are immediately skipped when handling those\\nStopped events. This poses a potential problem in case of Stopped -\\nLength Invalid, which occurs either on completed TDs (likely already\\ngiven back) or Link and No-Op TRBs. Such event won\u0027t be recognized\\nas matching any TD (unless it\u0027s the rare Link TRB inside a TD) and\\nwill result in skipping all pending TDs, giving them back possibly\\nbefore they are done, risking isoc data loss and maybe UAF by HW.\\n\\nAs a compromise, don\u0027t skip and don\u0027t clear the skip flag on this\\nkind of event. Then the next event will skip missed TDs. A downside\\nof not handling Stopped - Length Invalid on a Link inside a TD is\\nthat if the TD is cancelled, its actual length will not be updated\\nto account for TRBs (silently) completed before the TD was stopped.\\n\\nI had no luck producing this sequence of completion events so there\\nis no compelling demonstration of any resulting disaster. It may be\\na very rare, obscure condition. The sole motivation for this patch\\nis that if such unlikely event does occur, I\u0027d rather risk reporting\\na cancelled partially done isoc frame as empty than gamble with UAF.\\n\\nThis will be fixed more properly by looking at Stopped event\u0027s TRB\\npointer when making skipping decisions, but such rework is unlikely\\nto be backported to v6.12, which will stay around for a few years.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: usb: xhci: Don\u0027t skip on Stopped - Length Invalid Hasta el commit d56b0b2ab142 (\\\"usb: xhci: ensure skipped isoc TDs are returns when is stopped ring\\\") en v6.11, el controlador no omit\u00eda los TD is\u00f3cronos omitidos al gestionar los eventos Stoppend y Stopped - Length Invalid. En su lugar, borraba err\u00f3neamente el indicador de omisi\u00f3n, lo que provocar\u00eda que el anillo se atascara, ya que los eventos futuros no coincidir\u00e1n con el TD omitido, que nunca se elimina de la cola hasta que se cancela. Esta l\u00f3gica defectuosa parece haber estado en su lugar sustancialmente sin cambios desde la serie 3.x hace m\u00e1s de 10 a\u00f1os, lo que probablemente habla en primer lugar sobre la relativa rareza de este caso en el uso normal, pero por la especificaci\u00f3n no veo raz\u00f3n por la que no deber\u00eda ser posible. Despu\u00e9s de d56b0b2ab142, los TD se omiten inmediatamente al gestionar los eventos \\\"Detenidos\\\". Esto plantea un problema potencial en caso de \\\"Detenido - Longitud Inv\u00e1lida\\\", que ocurre en TD completados (probablemente ya devueltos) o en TRB de Enlace y No-Op. 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Puede ser una condici\u00f3n muy rara y desconocida. La \u00fanica motivaci\u00f3n para este parche es que, si ocurre un evento tan improbable, prefiero arriesgarme a reportar un marco isoc cancelado parcialmente completado como vac\u00edo que arriesgarme con UAF. Esto se solucionar\u00e1 mejor analizando el puntero TRB del evento detenido al tomar decisiones de omisi\u00f3n, pero es poco probable que esta modificaci\u00f3n se incorpore a la versi\u00f3n 6.12, que se mantendr\u00e1 vigente durante algunos a\u00f1os.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/usb/host/xhci-ring.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"d56b0b2ab142940b06eac56dcb3ab1ab88df38a2\",\"lessThan\":\"6af20ac254cbd0e1178a3542767c9308e209eee5\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d56b0b2ab142940b06eac56dcb3ab1ab88df38a2\",\"lessThan\":\"49cf6f5293aeb706dd672608478336a003f37df6\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d56b0b2ab142940b06eac56dcb3ab1ab88df38a2\",\"lessThan\":\"de9e78167f760a699806793d7c987239e4f6c8c3\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d56b0b2ab142940b06eac56dcb3ab1ab88df38a2\",\"lessThan\":\"58d0a3fab5f4fdc112c16a4c6d382f62097afd1c\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/usb/host/xhci-ring.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"6.11\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"6.11\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.22\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.13.10\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.13.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.14.1\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.14.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.15\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-416\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.11\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.12.22\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"953630F8-9980-4613-A819-89F00EDB3E8E\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.13.10\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"E9410CA0-CED8-49BE-9DB4-856654736C32\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"82E37853-46C8-4BB6-9FA4-9838FD34D6A2\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/49cf6f5293aeb706dd672608478336a003f37df6\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/58d0a3fab5f4fdc112c16a4c6d382f62097afd1c\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6af20ac254cbd0e1178a3542767c9308e209eee5\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/de9e78167f760a699806793d7c987239e4f6c8c3\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-30T00:44:05+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-22023",
      "id": "CVE-2025-22023",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-04-16T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "42",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "232",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: usb: xhci: Don\u0027t skip on Stopped - Length Invalid",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-22023.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.