CVE-2025-21899 (GCVE-0-2025-21899)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-01 15:26 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
tracing: Fix bad hist from corrupting named_triggers list
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
tracing: Fix bad hist from corrupting named_triggers list
The following commands causes a crash:
~# cd /sys/kernel/tracing/events/rcu/rcu_callback
~# echo 'hist:name=bad:keys=common_pid:onmax(bogus).save(common_pid)' > trigger
bash: echo: write error: Invalid argument
~# echo 'hist:name=bad:keys=common_pid' > trigger
Because the following occurs:
event_trigger_write() {
trigger_process_regex() {
event_hist_trigger_parse() {
data = event_trigger_alloc(..);
event_trigger_register(.., data) {
cmd_ops->reg(.., data, ..) [hist_register_trigger()] {
data->ops->init() [event_hist_trigger_init()] {
save_named_trigger(name, data) {
list_add(&data->named_list, &named_triggers);
}
}
}
}
ret = create_actions(); (return -EINVAL)
if (ret)
goto out_unreg;
[..]
ret = hist_trigger_enable(data, ...) {
list_add_tail_rcu(&data->list, &file->triggers); <<<---- SKIPPED!!! (this is important!)
[..]
out_unreg:
event_hist_unregister(.., data) {
cmd_ops->unreg(.., data, ..) [hist_unregister_trigger()] {
list_for_each_entry(iter, &file->triggers, list) {
if (!hist_trigger_match(data, iter, named_data, false)) <- never matches
continue;
[..]
test = iter;
}
if (test && test->ops->free) <<<-- test is NULL
test->ops->free(test) [event_hist_trigger_free()] {
[..]
if (data->name)
del_named_trigger(data) {
list_del(&data->named_list); <<<<-- NEVER gets removed!
}
}
}
}
[..]
kfree(data); <<<-- frees item but it is still on list
The next time a hist with name is registered, it causes an u-a-f bug and
the kernel can crash.
Move the code around such that if event_trigger_register() succeeds, the
next thing called is hist_trigger_enable() which adds it to the list.
A bunch of actions is called if get_named_trigger_data() returns false.
But that doesn't need to be called after event_trigger_register(), so it
can be moved up, allowing event_trigger_register() to be called just
before hist_trigger_enable() keeping them together and allowing the
file->triggers to be properly populated.
Severity
7.8 (High)
Assigner
References
6 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
067fe038e70f6e64960d26a79c4df5f1413d0f13 , < 5ae1b18f05ee2b849dc03b6c15d7da0c1c6efa77
(git)
Affected: 067fe038e70f6e64960d26a79c4df5f1413d0f13 , < 43b254d46c740bf9dbe65709afa021dd726dfa99 (git) Affected: 067fe038e70f6e64960d26a79c4df5f1413d0f13 , < 435d2964af815aae456db554c62963b4515f19d0 (git) Affected: 067fe038e70f6e64960d26a79c4df5f1413d0f13 , < f1ae50cfb818ce1ac7a674406dfadb7653e2552d (git) Affected: 067fe038e70f6e64960d26a79c4df5f1413d0f13 , < 6f86bdeab633a56d5c6dccf1a2c5989b6a5e323e (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
4.17
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.17 (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.130 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.81 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.18 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.13.6 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntracing: Fix bad hist from corrupting named_triggers list\n\nThe following commands causes a crash:\n\n ~# cd /sys/kernel/tracing/events/rcu/rcu_callback\n ~# echo \u0027hist:name=bad:keys=common_pid:onmax(bogus).save(common_pid)\u0027 \u003e trigger\n bash: echo: write error: Invalid argument\n ~# echo \u0027hist:name=bad:keys=common_pid\u0027 \u003e trigger\n\nBecause the following occurs:\n\nevent_trigger_write() {\n trigger_process_regex() {\n event_hist_trigger_parse() {\n\n data = event_trigger_alloc(..);\n\n event_trigger_register(.., data) {\n cmd_ops-\u003ereg(.., data, ..) [hist_register_trigger()] {\n data-\u003eops-\u003einit() [event_hist_trigger_init()] {\n save_named_trigger(name, data) {\n list_add(\u0026data-\u003enamed_list, \u0026named_triggers);\n }\n }\n }\n }\n\n ret = create_actions(); (return -EINVAL)\n if (ret)\n goto out_unreg;\n[..]\n ret = hist_trigger_enable(data, ...) {\n list_add_tail_rcu(\u0026data-\u003elist, \u0026file-\u003etriggers); \u003c\u003c\u003c---- SKIPPED!!! (this is important!)\n[..]\n out_unreg:\n event_hist_unregister(.., data) {\n cmd_ops-\u003eunreg(.., data, ..) [hist_unregister_trigger()] {\n list_for_each_entry(iter, \u0026file-\u003etriggers, list) {\n if (!hist_trigger_match(data, iter, named_data, false)) \u003c- never matches\n continue;\n [..]\n test = iter;\n }\n if (test \u0026\u0026 test-\u003eops-\u003efree) \u003c\u003c\u003c-- test is NULL\n\n test-\u003eops-\u003efree(test) [event_hist_trigger_free()] {\n [..]\n if (data-\u003ename)\n del_named_trigger(data) {\n list_del(\u0026data-\u003enamed_list); \u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c-- NEVER gets removed!\n }\n }\n }\n }\n\n [..]\n kfree(data); \u003c\u003c\u003c-- frees item but it is still on list\n\nThe next time a hist with name is registered, it causes an u-a-f bug and\nthe kernel can crash.\n\nMove the code around such that if event_trigger_register() succeeds, the\nnext thing called is hist_trigger_enable() which adds it to the list.\n\nA bunch of actions is called if get_named_trigger_data() returns false.\nBut that doesn\u0027t need to be called after event_trigger_register(), so it\ncan be moved up, allowing event_trigger_register() to be called just\nbefore hist_trigger_enable() keeping them together and allowing the\nfile-\u003etriggers to be properly populated."
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{
"lang": "es",
"value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: tracing: Fix bad hist from corrupting named_triggers list Los siguientes comandos provocan un bloqueo: ~# cd /sys/kernel/tracing/events/rcu/rcu_callback ~# echo \u0027hist:name=bad:keys=common_pid:onmax(bogus).save(common_pid)\u0027 \u0026gt; trigger bash: echo: error de escritura: argumento no v\u00e1lido ~# echo \u0027hist:name=bad:keys=common_pid\u0027 \u0026gt; trigger Porque ocurre lo siguiente: event_trigger_write() { trigger_process_regex() { event_hist_trigger_parse() { data = event_trigger_alloc(..); event_trigger_register(.., data) { cmd_ops-\u0026gt;reg(.., data, ..) [hist_register_trigger()] { data-\u0026gt;ops-\u0026gt;init() [event_hist_trigger_init()] { save_named_trigger(name, data) { list_add(\u0026amp;data-\u0026gt;named_list, \u0026amp;named_triggers); } } } } ret = create_actions(); (return -EINVAL) if (ret) goto out_unreg; [..] ret = hist_trigger_enable(data, ...) { list_add_tail_rcu(\u0026amp;data-\u0026gt;list, \u0026amp;file-\u0026gt;triggers); \u0026lt;\u0026lt;\u0026lt;---- \u00a1\u00a1\u00a1SALTAR!!! (\u00a1esto es importante!) [..] out_unreg: event_hist_unregister(.., data) { cmd_ops-\u0026gt;unreg(.., data, ..) [hist_unregister_trigger()] { list_for_each_entry(iter, \u0026amp;file-\u0026gt;triggers, list) { if (!hist_trigger_match(data, iter, named_data, false)) \u0026lt;- never matches continue; [..] test = iter; } if (test \u0026amp;\u0026amp; test-\u0026gt;ops-\u0026gt;free) \u0026lt;\u0026lt;\u0026lt;-- test is NULL test-\u0026gt;ops-\u0026gt;free(test) [event_hist_trigger_free()] { [..] if (data-\u0026gt;name) del_named_trigger(data) { list_del(\u0026amp;data-\u0026gt;named_list); \u0026lt;\u0026lt;\u0026lt;\u0026lt;-- \u00a1NUNCA se elimina! } } } } [..] kfree(datos); \u0026lt;\u0026lt;\u0026lt;-- libera el elemento, pero sigue en la lista. La pr\u00f3xima vez que se registre un hist con nombre, se producir\u00e1 un error de uaf y el kernel podr\u00eda bloquearse. Desplace el c\u00f3digo de forma que, si event_trigger_register() tiene \u00e9xito, se llame a hist_trigger_enable(), lo que lo a\u00f1ade a la lista. Se invocan varias acciones si get_named_trigger_data() devuelve falso. Sin embargo, no es necesario llamarlo despu\u00e9s de event_trigger_register(), por lo que se puede adelantar, lo que permite llamar a event_trigger_register() justo antes de hist_trigger_enable(), manteni\u00e9ndolos juntos y permitiendo que los disparadores de archivo se rellenen correctamente."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-21899",
"lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:21:56.000",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
"impactScore": 5.9,
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"type": "Secondary"
},
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 5.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
"impactScore": 3.6,
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
},
"published": "2025-04-01T16:15:20.327",
"references": [
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/435d2964af815aae456db554c62963b4515f19d0"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/43b254d46c740bf9dbe65709afa021dd726dfa99"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5ae1b18f05ee2b849dc03b6c15d7da0c1c6efa77"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6f86bdeab633a56d5c6dccf1a2c5989b6a5e323e"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f1ae50cfb818ce1ac7a674406dfadb7653e2552d"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Modified",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-476"
}
],
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-07-30T09:38:14+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-21899",
"id": "CVE-2025-21899",
"initial_release_date": "2025-04-01T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "156",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "118",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: tracing: Fix bad hist from corrupting named_triggers list",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-21899.json",
"version": "3"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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