CVE-2025-21785 (GCVE-0-2025-21785)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-27 02:18 – Updated: 2026-10-15 21:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
arm64: cacheinfo: Avoid out-of-bounds write to cacheinfo array
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
arm64: cacheinfo: Avoid out-of-bounds write to cacheinfo array
The loop that detects/populates cache information already has a bounds
check on the array size but does not account for cache levels with
separate data/instructions cache. Fix this by incrementing the index
for any populated leaf (instead of any populated level).
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-15 21:42 UTC
Assigner
References
10 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9 , < 4371ac7b494e933fffee2bd6265d18d73c4f05aa
(git)
Affected: 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9 , < e4fde33107351ec33f1a64188612fbc6ca659284 (git) Affected: 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9 , < 88a3e6afaf002250220793df99404977d343db14 (git) Affected: 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9 , < 4ff25f0b18d1d0174c105e4620428bcdc1213860 (git) Affected: 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9 , < ab90894f33c15b14c1cee6959ab6c8dcb09127f8 (git) Affected: 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9 , < 715eb1af64779e1b1aa0a7b2ffb81414d9f708e5 (git) Affected: 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9 , < 67b99a2b5811df4294c2ad50f9bff3b6a08bd618 (git) Affected: 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9 , < 875d742cf5327c93cba1f11e12b08d3cce7a88d2 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
4.0
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.0 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.291 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.235 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.179 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.129 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.79 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.16 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.13.4 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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},
{
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"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00028.html"
},
{
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"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html"
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"id": "CVE-2025-21785",
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"product_status:fixed": "1835",
"product_status:known_affected": "22",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "42",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: arm64: cacheinfo: Avoid out-of-bounds write to cacheinfo array",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-21785.json",
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{
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"title": "CVE Program Container"
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"timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:42:54.678406Z",
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"value": "AV:L - The defect lives in arm64 CPU cacheinfo initialization, reached only through local CPU bring-up (`update_siblings_masks()`) and the CPUHP_AP_BASE_CACHEINFO_ONLINE hotplug callback on the machine itself; there is no network, adjacent-network, or remote-peer data path into `populate_cache_leaves()`.\nAC:L - On an affected platform the overflow is fully deterministic \u2014 whenever firmware (DT `cache-unified`/single `cache-size`, or ACPI PPTT `split_levels`) under-counts leaves relative to a `CLIDR_EL1` level reporting `CACHE_TYPE_SEPARATE`, the level-vs-leaf counter mismatch fires on every execution of the loop. There is no race, no timing window, and no memory-layout condition to win.\nPR:L - The vulnerable loop executes with no `capable()` check, no LSM gate, and no authentication anywhere on the path \u2014 it runs as part of normal CPU bring-up on behalf of the system, so no elevated credentials are required for the out-of-bounds write to occur; scoring at low local privilege rather than high since nothing on the path demands real root.\nUI:N - No victim action of any kind is needed \u2014 the out-of-bounds write happens autonomously during secondary-CPU initialization as part of ordinary system startup.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to the kernel\u0027s own slab allocations on the same host; no VM/hypervisor, IOMMU/DMA, or sandbox authority boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The heap out-of-bounds write clobbers `type` and `level` fields at fixed strides across up to several hundred bytes of adjacent slab objects allocated during early boot; corrupting neighbouring structures\u0027 length, index, or pointer fields is a classic route to kernel memory disclosure, so per memory-corruption guidance this is High.\nI:H - This is a direct out-of-bounds write past a `kcalloc()`\u0027d `struct cacheinfo` array, silently modifying kernel heap memory belonging to unrelated objects \u2014 out-of-bounds writes are scored High for integrity because slab corruption is the standard primitive for control-flow hijack.\nA:H - Overwriting adjacent early-boot slab objects can corrupt pointers or allocator metadata, producing an oops, panic, or unbootable system; because it occurs during CPU bring-up on affected platforms, the result is complete loss of availability of the machine."
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Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
How durations are calculated
Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.
Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.