CVE-2025-21764 (GCVE-0-2025-21764)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-27 02:18 – Updated: 2026-11-10 12:34
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ndisc: use RCU protection in ndisc_alloc_skb()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ndisc: use RCU protection in ndisc_alloc_skb()
ndisc_alloc_skb() can be called without RTNL or RCU being held.
Add RCU protection to avoid possible UAF.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-27 17:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-416 - Use After Free
Assigner
References
14 references
Impacted products
13 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
de09334b9326632bbf1a74bfd8b01866cbbf2f61 , < 96fc896d0e5b37c12808df797397fb16f3080879
(git)
Affected: de09334b9326632bbf1a74bfd8b01866cbbf2f61 , < c30893ef3d9cde8e7e8e4fd06b53d2c935bbccb1 (git) Affected: de09334b9326632bbf1a74bfd8b01866cbbf2f61 , < b870256dd2a5648d5ed2f22316b3ac29a7e5ed63 (git) Affected: de09334b9326632bbf1a74bfd8b01866cbbf2f61 , < 3c2d705f5adf5d860aaef90cb4211c0fde2ba66d (git) Affected: de09334b9326632bbf1a74bfd8b01866cbbf2f61 , < 9e0ec817eb41a55327a46cd3ce331a9868d60304 (git) Affected: de09334b9326632bbf1a74bfd8b01866cbbf2f61 , < bbec88e4108e8d6fb468d3817fa652140a44ff28 (git) Affected: de09334b9326632bbf1a74bfd8b01866cbbf2f61 , < cd1065f92eb7ff21b9ba5308a86f33d1670bf926 (git) Affected: de09334b9326632bbf1a74bfd8b01866cbbf2f61 , < 628e6d18930bbd21f2d4562228afe27694f66da9 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
3.9
Unaffected: 0 , < 3.9 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.291 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.235 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.179 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.129 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.79 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.16 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.13.4 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4AX00-1AB0) |
Affected:
V3.1.6 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4AX00-1AB0) |
Affected:
V3.1.7 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4AX00-1AC0) |
Affected:
V3.1.6 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4AX00-1AC0) |
Affected:
V3.1.7 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4FX00-1AB0) |
Affected:
V3.1.6 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4FX00-1AB0) |
Affected:
V3.1.7 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4FX00-1AC0) |
Affected:
V3.1.6 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4FX00-1AC0) |
Affected:
V3.1.7 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystem |
Affected:
0 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6AG1518-4AX00-4AC0) |
Affected:
V3.1.6 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6AG1518-4AX00-4AC0) |
Affected:
V3.1.7 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed |
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"value": "AV:L - The free side of the race \u2014 netns teardown (`ndisc_net_exit()` releasing `ndisc_sk`) or `__dev_change_net_namespace()` rewriting `dev-\u003end_net` \u2014 can only be driven from the local system via netlink/RTNL and namespace lifecycle operations. A remote or adjacent peer can flood NS/RS traffic to drive the read side but cannot arm the free, so local access is required.\nAC:L - The attacker owns both halves and can repeat them in a tight loop: one thread generates IPv6 traffic that triggers `rt6_probe_deferred`/`neigh_probe` \u2192 `ndisc_alloc_skb()` while another destroys the netns or moves the device out of it. `rt6_probe_deferred` runs in a preemptible workqueue holding only a netdev reference, so the window is wide and re-armable at will.\nPR:L - Generating the NDISC transmit side needs no privileges (ordinary IPv6 sendto to an unresolved neighbour or gateway), and the netns create/destroy and device-migration side needs only CAP_NET_ADMIN within a namespace an unprivileged user obtains with `unshare -Urn`. No real root in the initial namespace is required.\nUI:N - Every step \u2014 socket traffic, veth/route setup, netns churn \u2014 is performed by the attacker\u0027s own threads. No victim action is involved.\nS:U - The use-after-free and all of its consequences stay within the kernel\u0027s own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or other trust boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The stale `struct net`/`struct sock` yields an attacker-groomable `sk` pointer, after which `sk_fullsock()` and `skb_set_hash_from_sk()` read fields from an attacker-chosen address and the dangling `skb-\u003esk` is carried into the TX path \u2014 an arbitrary kernel-read primitive.\nI:H - `refcount_add(skb-\u003etruesize, \u0026sk-\u003esk_wmem_alloc)` writes into the freed object, and `sock_wfree()` later performs an indirect call through `sk-\u003esk_write_space` read from reclaimed memory (plus a possible `__sk_free()` on it), giving control-flow hijack and arbitrary kernel-state modification.\nA:H - Even unweaponized, dereferencing a freed netns/socket and calling through garbage function pointers reliably oopses or panics the kernel, and the attacker can retrigger the race indefinitely."
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}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-416",
"description": "CWE-416 Use After Free",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-02-27T17:57:21.860Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"net/ipv6/ndisc.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "96fc896d0e5b37c12808df797397fb16f3080879",
"status": "affected",
"version": "de09334b9326632bbf1a74bfd8b01866cbbf2f61",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "c30893ef3d9cde8e7e8e4fd06b53d2c935bbccb1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "de09334b9326632bbf1a74bfd8b01866cbbf2f61",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "b870256dd2a5648d5ed2f22316b3ac29a7e5ed63",
"status": "affected",
"version": "de09334b9326632bbf1a74bfd8b01866cbbf2f61",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "3c2d705f5adf5d860aaef90cb4211c0fde2ba66d",
"status": "affected",
"version": "de09334b9326632bbf1a74bfd8b01866cbbf2f61",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "9e0ec817eb41a55327a46cd3ce331a9868d60304",
"status": "affected",
"version": "de09334b9326632bbf1a74bfd8b01866cbbf2f61",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "bbec88e4108e8d6fb468d3817fa652140a44ff28",
"status": "affected",
"version": "de09334b9326632bbf1a74bfd8b01866cbbf2f61",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "cd1065f92eb7ff21b9ba5308a86f33d1670bf926",
"status": "affected",
"version": "de09334b9326632bbf1a74bfd8b01866cbbf2f61",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "628e6d18930bbd21f2d4562228afe27694f66da9",
"status": "affected",
"version": "de09334b9326632bbf1a74bfd8b01866cbbf2f61",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"net/ipv6/ndisc.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.9"
},
{
"lessThan": "3.9",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.4.291",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.10.235",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.179",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.129",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.79",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.16",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.13.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.13.4",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.14",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.4.291",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.9",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.10.235",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.9",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.15.179",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.9",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.1.129",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.9",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.6.79",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.9",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.16",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.9",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.13.4",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.9",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.14",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.9",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nndisc: use RCU protection in ndisc_alloc_skb()\n\nndisc_alloc_skb() can be called without RTNL or RCU being held.\n\nAdd RCU protection to avoid possible UAF."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The free side of the race \u2014 netns teardown (`ndisc_net_exit()` releasing `ndisc_sk`) or `__dev_change_net_namespace()` rewriting `dev-\u003end_net` \u2014 can only be driven from the local system via netlink/RTNL and namespace lifecycle operations. A remote or adjacent peer can flood NS/RS traffic to drive the read side but cannot arm the free, so local access is required.\nAC:L - The attacker owns both halves and can repeat them in a tight loop: one thread generates IPv6 traffic that triggers `rt6_probe_deferred`/`neigh_probe` \u2192 `ndisc_alloc_skb()` while another destroys the netns or moves the device out of it. `rt6_probe_deferred` runs in a preemptible workqueue holding only a netdev reference, so the window is wide and re-armable at will.\nPR:L - Generating the NDISC transmit side needs no privileges (ordinary IPv6 sendto to an unresolved neighbour or gateway), and the netns create/destroy and device-migration side needs only CAP_NET_ADMIN within a namespace an unprivileged user obtains with `unshare -Urn`. No real root in the initial namespace is required.\nUI:N - Every step \u2014 socket traffic, veth/route setup, netns churn \u2014 is performed by the attacker\u0027s own threads. No victim action is involved.\nS:U - The use-after-free and all of its consequences stay within the kernel\u0027s own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or other trust boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The stale `struct net`/`struct sock` yields an attacker-groomable `sk` pointer, after which `sk_fullsock()` and `skb_set_hash_from_sk()` read fields from an attacker-chosen address and the dangling `skb-\u003esk` is carried into the TX path \u2014 an arbitrary kernel-read primitive.\nI:H - `refcount_add(skb-\u003etruesize, \u0026sk-\u003esk_wmem_alloc)` writes into the freed object, and `sock_wfree()` later performs an indirect call through `sk-\u003esk_write_space` read from reclaimed memory (plus a possible `__sk_free()` on it), giving control-flow hijack and arbitrary kernel-state modification.\nA:H - Even unweaponized, dereferencing a freed netns/socket and calling through garbage function pointers reliably oopses or panics the kernel, and the attacker can retrigger the race indefinitely."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:54:17.425Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/96fc896d0e5b37c12808df797397fb16f3080879"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c30893ef3d9cde8e7e8e4fd06b53d2c935bbccb1"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b870256dd2a5648d5ed2f22316b3ac29a7e5ed63"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3c2d705f5adf5d860aaef90cb4211c0fde2ba66d"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9e0ec817eb41a55327a46cd3ce331a9868d60304"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bbec88e4108e8d6fb468d3817fa652140a44ff28"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cd1065f92eb7ff21b9ba5308a86f33d1670bf926"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/628e6d18930bbd21f2d4562228afe27694f66da9"
}
],
"title": "ndisc: use RCU protection in ndisc_alloc_skb()",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-21764",
"datePublished": "2025-02-27T02:18:15.598Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-12-29T08:45:45.761Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-11-10T12:34:57.913Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
How durations are calculated
Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.
Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.