CVE-2025-21728 (GCVE-0-2025-21728)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-27 02:07 – Updated: 2026-07-14 12:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
bpf: Send signals asynchronously if !preemptible
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
bpf: Send signals asynchronously if !preemptible
BPF programs can execute in all kinds of contexts and when a program
running in a non-preemptible context uses the bpf_send_signal() kfunc,
it will cause issues because this kfunc can sleep.
Change `irqs_disabled()` to `!preemptible()`.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
Assigner
References
12 references
Impacted products
6 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
fd29a0242f86b2d95ad666aa9f92a3d0f7bfdab6 , < feba1308bc5e8e04cee751d39fae8a9b407a9034
(git)
Affected: 1bc7896e9ef44fd77858b3ef0b8a6840be3a4494 , < ce51eab2070e295d298f42a2f1db269cd1b56d55 (git) Affected: 1bc7896e9ef44fd77858b3ef0b8a6840be3a4494 , < e306eaaa3d78b462db5f5b11e0171f9d2b6ca3f4 (git) Affected: 1bc7896e9ef44fd77858b3ef0b8a6840be3a4494 , < be42a09fe898635b0093c0c8dac1bfabe225c240 (git) Affected: 1bc7896e9ef44fd77858b3ef0b8a6840be3a4494 , < eeef8e65041a031bd8a747a392c14b76a123a12c (git) Affected: 1bc7896e9ef44fd77858b3ef0b8a6840be3a4494 , < 78b97783496b454435639937db3303e900a24d3f (git) Affected: 1bc7896e9ef44fd77858b3ef0b8a6840be3a4494 , < 092fc76b7ab4163e008f9cde596a58dad2108260 (git) Affected: 1bc7896e9ef44fd77858b3ef0b8a6840be3a4494 , < 87c544108b612512b254c8f79aa5c0a8546e2cc4 (git) Affected: 7930d01afb7281edd9782971e0cca6fe587c7a7b (git) Affected: 5.4.33 , < 5.4.291 (semver) Affected: 5.5.18 , < 5.6 (semver) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5.6
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.6 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.291 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.235 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.179 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.129 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.76 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.13 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.13.2 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP |
Affected:
V3.1.5 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP |
Affected:
V3.1.5 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystem |
Affected:
0 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP |
Affected:
V3.1.5 , < *
(custom)
|
guessed |
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"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "A6D70701-9CB6-4222-A957-00A419878993",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.6.76",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.2",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "2897389C-A8C3-4D69-90F2-E701B3D66373",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.13",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.7",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "6D4116B1-1BFD-4F23-BA84-169CC05FC5A3",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.13.2",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.13",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:5.6:-:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "A92F7A0E-C302-4FEA-9EF3-1A3D5CF3AD54",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Send signals asynchronously if !preemptible\n\nBPF programs can execute in all kinds of contexts and when a program\nrunning in a non-preemptible context uses the bpf_send_signal() kfunc,\nit will cause issues because this kfunc can sleep.\nChange `irqs_disabled()` to `!preemptible()`."
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: bpf: Env\u00eda se\u00f1ales de forma asincr\u00f3nica si los programas BPF !preemptible pueden ejecutarse en todo tipo de contextos y cuando un programa que se ejecuta en un contexto no preemptible utiliza la funci\u00f3n kfunc bpf_send_signal(), causar\u00e1 problemas porque esta funci\u00f3n kfunc puede suspenderse. Cambie `irqs_disabled()` a `!preemptible()`."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-21728",
"lastModified": "2026-06-17T08:44:08.240",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 5.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
"impactScore": 3.6,
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
},
"published": "2025-02-27T02:15:16.530",
"references": [
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/092fc76b7ab4163e008f9cde596a58dad2108260"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/78b97783496b454435639937db3303e900a24d3f"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/87c544108b612512b254c8f79aa5c0a8546e2cc4"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/be42a09fe898635b0093c0c8dac1bfabe225c240"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ce51eab2070e295d298f42a2f1db269cd1b56d55"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e306eaaa3d78b462db5f5b11e0171f9d2b6ca3f4"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eeef8e65041a031bd8a747a392c14b76a123a12c"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/feba1308bc5e8e04cee751d39fae8a9b407a9034"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00028.html"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html"
},
{
"source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html"
},
{
"source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Modified",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "NVD-CWE-noinfo"
}
],
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-07-23T23:56:41+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-21728",
"id": "CVE-2025-21728",
"initial_release_date": "2025-02-27T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:fixed": "303",
"product_status:known_affected": "174",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "14",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: bpf: Send signals asynchronously if !preemptible",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-21728.json",
"version": "3"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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