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CVE-2025-21727 (GCVE-0-2025-21727)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-27 02:07 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:54
VLAI
Title
padata: fix UAF in padata_reorder
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: padata: fix UAF in padata_reorder A bug was found when run ltp test: BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in padata_find_next+0x29/0x1a0 Read of size 4 at addr ffff88bbfe003524 by task kworker/u113:2/3039206 CPU: 0 PID: 3039206 Comm: kworker/u113:2 Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.6.0+ Workqueue: pdecrypt_parallel padata_parallel_worker Call Trace: <TASK> dump_stack_lvl+0x32/0x50 print_address_description.constprop.0+0x6b/0x3d0 print_report+0xdd/0x2c0 kasan_report+0xa5/0xd0 padata_find_next+0x29/0x1a0 padata_reorder+0x131/0x220 padata_parallel_worker+0x3d/0xc0 process_one_work+0x2ec/0x5a0 If 'mdelay(10)' is added before calling 'padata_find_next' in the 'padata_reorder' function, this issue could be reproduced easily with ltp test (pcrypt_aead01). This can be explained as bellow: pcrypt_aead_encrypt ... padata_do_parallel refcount_inc(&pd->refcnt); // add refcnt ... padata_do_serial padata_reorder // pd while (1) { padata_find_next(pd, true); // using pd queue_work_on ... padata_serial_worker crypto_del_alg padata_put_pd_cnt // sub refcnt padata_free_shell padata_put_pd(ps->pd); // pd is freed // loop again, but pd is freed // call padata_find_next, UAF } In the padata_reorder function, when it loops in 'while', if the alg is deleted, the refcnt may be decreased to 0 before entering 'padata_find_next', which leads to UAF. As mentioned in [1], do_serial is supposed to be called with BHs disabled and always happen under RCU protection, to address this issue, add synchronize_rcu() in 'padata_free_shell' wait for all _do_serial calls to finish. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20221028160401.cccypv4euxikusiq@parnassus.localdomain/ [2] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-kernel/jfjz5d7zwbytztackem7ibzalm5lnxldi2eofeiczqmqs2m7o6@fq426cwnjtkm/
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-27 17:58 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: b128a30409356df65f1a51cff3eb986cac8cfedc , < f78170bee51469734b1a306a74fc5f777bb22ba6 (git)
Affected: b128a30409356df65f1a51cff3eb986cac8cfedc , < f3e0b9f790f8e8065d59e67b565a83154d9f3079 (git)
Affected: b128a30409356df65f1a51cff3eb986cac8cfedc , < 0ae2f332cfd2d74cf3ce344ec9938cf3e29c3ccd (git)
Affected: b128a30409356df65f1a51cff3eb986cac8cfedc , < bbccae982e9fa1d7abcb23a5ec81cb0ec883f7de (git)
Affected: b128a30409356df65f1a51cff3eb986cac8cfedc , < 573ac9c70bf7885dc85d82fa44550581bfc3b738 (git)
Affected: b128a30409356df65f1a51cff3eb986cac8cfedc , < 80231f069240d52e98b6a317456c67b2eafd0781 (git)
Affected: b128a30409356df65f1a51cff3eb986cac8cfedc , < e01780ea4661172734118d2a5f41bc9720765668 (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 5.4
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.4 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.235 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.179 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.129 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.76 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.13 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.13.2 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.14 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystem Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
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              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable padata/pcrypt path is driven through local syscalls \u2014 an AF_ALG socket bound to `pcrypt(...)` submitting aead requests, and the racing teardown via crypto module autoload or the NETLINK_CRYPTO socket. No remote peer can reach or free the padata shell on its own.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race: they flood concurrent pcrypt requests to keep `padata_reorder()` spinning in its loop while triggering instance teardown, and can widen the window with CPU contention and many parallel workers. The commit confirms it reproduces with a stock LTP test (pcrypt_aead01) once the loop is delayed, meaning it is a naturally occurring, repeatable window.\nPR:L - A basic unprivileged local user can both instantiate and continuously drive pcrypt via AF_ALG (`alg_bind` performs no capability check) and trigger the teardown side, since `crypto_alg_finish_registration()` \u2192 `crypto_remove_spawns()` destroys the pcrypt instance when an equal-or-higher-priority same-named implementation registers \u2014 a module autoload reachable from the same unprivileged bind path.\nUI:N - Exploitation is entirely attacker-driven through socket operations and crypto requests; no victim action, mount, or file open is required.\nS:U - The use-after-free corrupts kernel slab memory and stays within the kernel\u0027s own security authority; there is no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - Reclaiming the freed `struct parallel_data` gives the attacker control of `pd-\u003ereorder_list`, whose per-CPU dereference in `padata_find_next()` becomes an attacker-directed kernel read, and `pd-\u003eps-\u003epinst` is likewise dereferenced \u2014 yielding disclosure of arbitrary kernel memory.\nI:H - The same UAF provides write primitives \u2014 `list_del_init()` unlink on an attacker-controlled reorder list, `++pd-\u003eprocessed` / `pd-\u003ecpu` writes, and most severely `queue_work(pinst-\u003eserial_wq, \u0026pd-\u003ereorder_work)` invoking a function pointer living in freed, sprayable memory, enabling control-flow hijack and privilege escalation.\nA:H - Even unweaponized, the slab-use-after-free reported by KASAN dereferences freed percpu and workqueue pointers from a kworker context, reliably producing an oops or kernel panic and taking the system down."
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    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-21727\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-02-27T02:15:16.423\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-06-17T08:44:08.047\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\npadata: fix UAF in padata_reorder\\n\\nA bug was found when run ltp test:\\n\\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in padata_find_next+0x29/0x1a0\\nRead of size 4 at addr ffff88bbfe003524 by task kworker/u113:2/3039206\\n\\nCPU: 0 PID: 3039206 Comm: kworker/u113:2 Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.6.0+\\nWorkqueue: pdecrypt_parallel padata_parallel_worker\\nCall Trace:\\n\u003cTASK\u003e\\ndump_stack_lvl+0x32/0x50\\nprint_address_description.constprop.0+0x6b/0x3d0\\nprint_report+0xdd/0x2c0\\nkasan_report+0xa5/0xd0\\npadata_find_next+0x29/0x1a0\\npadata_reorder+0x131/0x220\\npadata_parallel_worker+0x3d/0xc0\\nprocess_one_work+0x2ec/0x5a0\\n\\nIf \u0027mdelay(10)\u0027 is added before calling \u0027padata_find_next\u0027 in the\\n\u0027padata_reorder\u0027 function, this issue could be reproduced easily with\\nltp test (pcrypt_aead01).\\n\\nThis can be explained as bellow:\\n\\npcrypt_aead_encrypt\\n...\\npadata_do_parallel\\nrefcount_inc(\u0026pd-\u003erefcnt); // add refcnt\\n...\\npadata_do_serial\\npadata_reorder // pd\\nwhile (1) {\\npadata_find_next(pd, true); // using pd\\nqueue_work_on\\n...\\npadata_serial_worker\\t\\t\\t\\tcrypto_del_alg\\npadata_put_pd_cnt // sub refcnt\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\tpadata_free_shell\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\tpadata_put_pd(ps-\u003epd);\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t// pd is freed\\n// loop again, but pd is freed\\n// call padata_find_next, UAF\\n}\\n\\nIn the padata_reorder function, when it loops in \u0027while\u0027, if the alg is\\ndeleted, the refcnt may be decreased to 0 before entering\\n\u0027padata_find_next\u0027, which leads to UAF.\\n\\nAs mentioned in [1], do_serial is supposed to be called with BHs disabled\\nand always happen under RCU protection, to address this issue, add\\nsynchronize_rcu() in \u0027padata_free_shell\u0027 wait for all _do_serial calls\\nto finish.\\n\\n[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20221028160401.cccypv4euxikusiq@parnassus.localdomain/\\n[2] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-kernel/jfjz5d7zwbytztackem7ibzalm5lnxldi2eofeiczqmqs2m7o6@fq426cwnjtkm/\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: padata: correcci\u00f3n de UAF en padata_reorder Se encontr\u00f3 un error al ejecutar la prueba ltp: ERROR: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in padata_find_next+0x29/0x1a0 Read of size 4 at addr ffff88bbfe003524 by task kworker/u113:2/3039206 CPU: 0 PID: 3039206 Comm: kworker/u113:2 Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.6.0+ Workqueue: pdecrypt_parallel padata_parallel_worker Call Trace:  dump_stack_lvl+0x32/0x50 print_address_description.constprop.0+0x6b/0x3d0 print_report+0xdd/0x2c0 kasan_report+0xa5/0xd0 padata_find_next+0x29/0x1a0 padata_reorder+0x131/0x220 padata_parallel_worker+0x3d/0xc0 process_one_work+0x2ec/0x5a0 If \u0027mdelay(10)\u0027 is added before calling \u0027padata_find_next\u0027 in the \u0027padata_reorder\u0027 function, this issue could be reproduced easily with ltp test (pcrypt_aead01). This can be explained as bellow: pcrypt_aead_encrypt ... padata_do_parallel refcount_inc(\u0026amp;pd-\u0026gt;refcnt); // add refcnt ... padata_do_serial padata_reorder // pd while (1) { padata_find_next(pd, true); // using pd queue_work_on ... padata_serial_worker crypto_del_alg padata_put_pd_cnt // sub refcnt padata_free_shell padata_put_pd(ps-\u0026gt;pd); // pd is freed // loop again, but pd is freed // call padata_find_next, UAF } En la funci\u00f3n padata_reorder, cuando se repite en \u0027while\u0027, si se elimina el alg, el refcnt puede disminuirse a 0 antes de ingresar a \u0027padata_find_next\u0027, lo que lleva a UAF. Como se mencion\u00f3 en [1], se supone que do_serial se debe llamar con los BH deshabilitados y siempre ocurre bajo la protecci\u00f3n de RCU, para abordar este problema, agreguesynchronous_rcu() en \u0027padata_free_shell\u0027 y espere a que finalicen todas las llamadas a _do_serial. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20221028160401.cccypv4euxikusiq@parnassus.localdomain/ [2] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-kernel/jfjz5d7zwbytztackem7ibzalm5lnxldi2eofeiczqmqs2m7o6@fq426cwnjtkm/\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"kernel/padata.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"b128a30409356df65f1a51cff3eb986cac8cfedc\",\"lessThan\":\"f78170bee51469734b1a306a74fc5f777bb22ba6\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"b128a30409356df65f1a51cff3eb986cac8cfedc\",\"lessThan\":\"f3e0b9f790f8e8065d59e67b565a83154d9f3079\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"b128a30409356df65f1a51cff3eb986cac8cfedc\",\"lessThan\":\"0ae2f332cfd2d74cf3ce344ec9938cf3e29c3ccd\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"b128a30409356df65f1a51cff3eb986cac8cfedc\",\"lessThan\":\"bbccae982e9fa1d7abcb23a5ec81cb0ec883f7de\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"b128a30409356df65f1a51cff3eb986cac8cfedc\",\"lessThan\":\"573ac9c70bf7885dc85d82fa44550581bfc3b738\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"b128a30409356df65f1a51cff3eb986cac8cfedc\",\"lessThan\":\"80231f069240d52e98b6a317456c67b2eafd0781\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"b128a30409356df65f1a51cff3eb986cac8cfedc\",\"lessThan\":\"e01780ea4661172734118d2a5f41bc9720765668\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"kernel/padata.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"5.4\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"5.4\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.235\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.179\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.129\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.76\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.13\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.13.2\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.13.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.14\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]},{\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - 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    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-29T23:58:18+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-21727",
      "id": "CVE-2025-21727",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-02-27T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "2406",
      "product_status:known_affected": "22",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "42",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: padata: fix UAF in padata_reorder",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-21727.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
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No remote peer can reach or free the padata shell on its own.\\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race: they flood concurrent pcrypt requests to keep `padata_reorder()` spinning in its loop while triggering instance teardown, and can widen the window with CPU contention and many parallel workers. The commit confirms it reproduces with a stock LTP test (pcrypt_aead01) once the loop is delayed, meaning it is a naturally occurring, repeatable window.\\nPR:L - A basic unprivileged local user can both instantiate and continuously drive pcrypt via AF_ALG (`alg_bind` performs no capability check) and trigger the teardown side, since `crypto_alg_finish_registration()` \\u2192 `crypto_remove_spawns()` destroys the pcrypt instance when an equal-or-higher-priority same-named implementation registers \\u2014 a module autoload reachable from the same unprivileged bind path.\\nUI:N - Exploitation is entirely attacker-driven through socket operations and crypto requests; no victim action, mount, or file open is required.\\nS:U - The use-after-free corrupts kernel slab memory and stays within the kernel\u0027s own security authority; there is no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\\nC:H - Reclaiming the freed `struct parallel_data` gives the attacker control of `pd-\u003ereorder_list`, whose per-CPU dereference in `padata_find_next()` becomes an attacker-directed kernel read, and `pd-\u003eps-\u003epinst` is likewise dereferenced \\u2014 yielding disclosure of arbitrary kernel memory.\\nI:H - The same UAF provides write primitives \\u2014 `list_del_init()` unlink on an attacker-controlled reorder list, `++pd-\u003eprocessed` / `pd-\u003ecpu` writes, and most severely `queue_work(pinst-\u003eserial_wq, \u0026pd-\u003ereorder_work)` invoking a function pointer living in freed, sprayable memory, enabling control-flow hijack and privilege escalation.\\nA:H - Even unweaponized, the slab-use-after-free reported by KASAN dereferences freed percpu and workqueue pointers from a kworker context, reliably producing an oops or kernel panic and taking the system down.\"}]}], \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": 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{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"b128a30409356df65f1a51cff3eb986cac8cfedc\", \"lessThan\": \"e01780ea4661172734118d2a5f41bc9720765668\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"kernel/padata.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"5.4\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"5.4\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.10.235\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.10.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.15.179\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.15.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.1.129\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.1.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.6.76\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.6.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.12.13\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.12.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.13.2\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.13.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.14\", \"versionType\": \"original_commit_for_fix\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"kernel/padata.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f78170bee51469734b1a306a74fc5f777bb22ba6\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f3e0b9f790f8e8065d59e67b565a83154d9f3079\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0ae2f332cfd2d74cf3ce344ec9938cf3e29c3ccd\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bbccae982e9fa1d7abcb23a5ec81cb0ec883f7de\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/573ac9c70bf7885dc85d82fa44550581bfc3b738\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/80231f069240d52e98b6a317456c67b2eafd0781\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e01780ea4661172734118d2a5f41bc9720765668\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"bippy-1.2.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\npadata: fix UAF in padata_reorder\\n\\nA bug was found when run ltp test:\\n\\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in padata_find_next+0x29/0x1a0\\nRead of size 4 at addr ffff88bbfe003524 by task kworker/u113:2/3039206\\n\\nCPU: 0 PID: 3039206 Comm: kworker/u113:2 Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.6.0+\\nWorkqueue: pdecrypt_parallel padata_parallel_worker\\nCall Trace:\\n\u003cTASK\u003e\\ndump_stack_lvl+0x32/0x50\\nprint_address_description.constprop.0+0x6b/0x3d0\\nprint_report+0xdd/0x2c0\\nkasan_report+0xa5/0xd0\\npadata_find_next+0x29/0x1a0\\npadata_reorder+0x131/0x220\\npadata_parallel_worker+0x3d/0xc0\\nprocess_one_work+0x2ec/0x5a0\\n\\nIf \u0027mdelay(10)\u0027 is added before calling \u0027padata_find_next\u0027 in the\\n\u0027padata_reorder\u0027 function, this issue could be reproduced easily with\\nltp test (pcrypt_aead01).\\n\\nThis can be explained as bellow:\\n\\npcrypt_aead_encrypt\\n...\\npadata_do_parallel\\nrefcount_inc(\u0026pd-\u003erefcnt); // add refcnt\\n...\\npadata_do_serial\\npadata_reorder // pd\\nwhile (1) {\\npadata_find_next(pd, true); // using pd\\nqueue_work_on\\n...\\npadata_serial_worker\\t\\t\\t\\tcrypto_del_alg\\npadata_put_pd_cnt // sub refcnt\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\tpadata_free_shell\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\tpadata_put_pd(ps-\u003epd);\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t// pd is freed\\n// loop again, but pd is freed\\n// call padata_find_next, UAF\\n}\\n\\nIn the padata_reorder function, when it loops in \u0027while\u0027, if the alg is\\ndeleted, the refcnt may be decreased to 0 before entering\\n\u0027padata_find_next\u0027, which leads to UAF.\\n\\nAs mentioned in [1], do_serial is supposed to be called with BHs disabled\\nand always happen under RCU protection, to address this issue, add\\nsynchronize_rcu() in \u0027padata_free_shell\u0027 wait for all _do_serial calls\\nto finish.\\n\\n[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20221028160401.cccypv4euxikusiq@parnassus.localdomain/\\n[2] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-kernel/jfjz5d7zwbytztackem7ibzalm5lnxldi2eofeiczqmqs2m7o6@fq426cwnjtkm/\"}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.10.235\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.4\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.15.179\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.4\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.1.129\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.4\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.6.76\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.4\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.12.13\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.4\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.13.2\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.4\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.14\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.4\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"shortName\": \"Linux\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-05T11:54:00.224Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-21727\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-05T11:54:00.224Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2024-12-29T08:45:45.754Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-02-27T02:07:33.501Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Linux\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.