CVE-2025-21704 (GCVE-0-2025-21704)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-22 09:43 – Updated: 2026-10-15 01:03
VLAI
Title
usb: cdc-acm: Check control transfer buffer size before access
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: usb: cdc-acm: Check control transfer buffer size before access If the first fragment is shorter than struct usb_cdc_notification, we can't calculate an expected_size. Log an error and discard the notification instead of reading lengths from memory outside the received data, which can lead to memory corruption when the expected_size decreases between fragments, causing `expected_size - acm->nb_index` to wrap. This issue has been present since the beginning of git history; however, it only leads to memory corruption since commit ea2583529cd1 ("cdc-acm: reassemble fragmented notifications"). A mitigating factor is that acm_ctrl_irq() can only execute after userspace has opened /dev/ttyACM*; but if ModemManager is running, ModemManager will do that automatically depending on the USB device's vendor/product IDs and its other interfaces.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
Linux CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 6653 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < a4e1ae5c0533964170197e4fb4f33bc8c1db5cd2 (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 90dd2f1b7342b9a671a5ea4160f408037b92b118 (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 871619c2b78fdfe05afb4e8ba548678687beb812 (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 7828e9363ac4d23b02419bf2a45b9f1d9fb35646 (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 6abb510251e75f875797d8983a830e6731fa281c (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < f64079bef6a8a7823358c3f352ea29a617844636 (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 383d516a0ebc8641372b521c8cb717f0f1834831 (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < e563b01208f4d1f609bcab13333b6c0e24ce6a01 (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 2.6.12
Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.12 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.4.291 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.235 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.179 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.129 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.79 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.16 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.13.4 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.14 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystem Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.12:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "6AC88830-A9BC-4607-B572-A4B502FC9FD0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.12:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "476CB3A5-D022-4F13-AAEF-CB6A5785516A",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.14:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "186716B6-2B66-4BD0-852E-D48E71C0C85F",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.14:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "0D3E781C-403A-498F-9DA9-ECEE50F41E75",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nusb: cdc-acm: Check control transfer buffer size before access\n\nIf the first fragment is shorter than struct usb_cdc_notification, we can\u0027t\ncalculate an expected_size. Log an error and discard the notification\ninstead of reading lengths from memory outside the received data, which can\nlead to memory corruption when the expected_size decreases between\nfragments, causing `expected_size - acm-\u003enb_index` to wrap.\n\nThis issue has been present since the beginning of git history; however,\nit only leads to memory corruption since commit ea2583529cd1\n(\"cdc-acm: reassemble fragmented notifications\").\n\nA mitigating factor is that acm_ctrl_irq() can only execute after userspace\nhas opened /dev/ttyACM*; but if ModemManager is running, ModemManager will\ndo that automatically depending on the USB device\u0027s vendor/product IDs and\nits other interfaces."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: usb: cdc-acm: Verificar el tama\u00f1o del b\u00fafer de transferencia de control antes del acceso Si el primer fragmento es m\u00e1s corto que struct usb_cdc_notification, no podemos calcular un expected_size. Registra un error y descarta la notificaci\u00f3n en lugar de leer longitudes de la memoria fuera de los datos recibidos, lo que puede provocar una corrupci\u00f3n de la memoria cuando el expected_size disminuye entre fragmentos, lo que hace que `expected_size - acm-\u0026gt;nb_index` se ajuste. Este problema ha estado presente desde el comienzo de la historia de git; sin embargo, solo conduce a la corrupci\u00f3n de la memoria desde el commit ea2583529cd1 (\"cdc-acm: reensamblar notificaciones fragmentadas\"). Un factor atenuante es que acm_ctrl_irq() solo se puede ejecutar despu\u00e9s de que el espacio de usuario haya abierto /dev/ttyACM*; pero si ModemManager se est\u00e1 ejecutando, ModemManager lo har\u00e1 autom\u00e1ticamente dependiendo de los ID de proveedor/producto del dispositivo USB y sus otras interfaces."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2025-21704",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-15T02:17:28.313",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
              "type": "Primary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2025-02-22T10:15:11.263",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/383d516a0ebc8641372b521c8cb717f0f1834831"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6abb510251e75f875797d8983a830e6731fa281c"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
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            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7828e9363ac4d23b02419bf2a45b9f1d9fb35646"
          },
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            "tags": [
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            ],
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          },
          {
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            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/90dd2f1b7342b9a671a5ea4160f408037b92b118"
          },
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            "tags": [
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            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a4e1ae5c0533964170197e4fb4f33bc8c1db5cd2"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e563b01208f4d1f609bcab13333b6c0e24ce6a01"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f64079bef6a8a7823358c3f352ea29a617844636"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Exploit",
              "Issue Tracking",
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://project-zero.issues.chromium.org/issues/395107243"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00028.html"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html"
          },
          {
            "source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e",
            "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html"
          },
          {
            "source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e",
            "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-784472.html"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Modified",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-787"
              }
            ],
            "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "type": "Primary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-11-05T14:09:08+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-21704",
      "id": "CVE-2025-21704",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-02-22T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "90",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "110",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: Linux kernel: usb: cdc-acm: Memory corruption due to improper buffer size check",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-21704.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON
How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

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    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.