CVE-2025-21680 (GCVE-0-2025-21680)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-31 11:25 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:53
VLAI
Title
pktgen: Avoid out-of-bounds access in get_imix_entries
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: pktgen: Avoid out-of-bounds access in get_imix_entries Passing a sufficient amount of imix entries leads to invalid access to the pkt_dev->imix_entries array because of the incorrect boundary check. UBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in net/core/pktgen.c:874:24 index 20 is out of range for type 'imix_pkt [20]' CPU: 2 PID: 1210 Comm: bash Not tainted 6.10.0-rc1 #121 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996) Call Trace: <TASK> dump_stack_lvl lib/dump_stack.c:117 __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds lib/ubsan.c:429 get_imix_entries net/core/pktgen.c:874 pktgen_if_write net/core/pktgen.c:1063 pde_write fs/proc/inode.c:334 proc_reg_write fs/proc/inode.c:346 vfs_write fs/read_write.c:593 ksys_write fs/read_write.c:644 do_syscall_64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:130 Found by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with SVACE. [ fp: allow to fill the array completely; minor changelog cleanup ]
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-01 19:51 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-129 - Improper Validation of Array Index
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 52a62f8603f97e720882c8f5aff2767ac6a11d5f , < 3450092cc2d1c311c5ea92a2486daa2a33520ea5 (git)
Affected: 52a62f8603f97e720882c8f5aff2767ac6a11d5f , < e5d24a7074dcd0c7e76b7e7e4efbbe7418d62486 (git)
Affected: 52a62f8603f97e720882c8f5aff2767ac6a11d5f , < 7cde21f52042aa2e29a654458166b873d2ae66b3 (git)
Affected: 52a62f8603f97e720882c8f5aff2767ac6a11d5f , < 1a9b65c672ca9dc4ba52ca2fd54329db9580ce29 (git)
Affected: 52a62f8603f97e720882c8f5aff2767ac6a11d5f , < 76201b5979768500bca362871db66d77cb4c225e (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 5.15
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.15 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.177 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.127 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.74 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.11 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.13 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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            "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: pktgen: Evitar acceso fuera de los l\u00edmites en get_imix_entries Pasar una cantidad suficiente de entradas imix conduce a un acceso no v\u00e1lido a la matriz pkt_dev-\u0026gt;imix_entries debido a la verificaci\u00f3n de los l\u00edmites incorrecta. UBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in net/core/pktgen.c:874:24 index 20 is out of range for type \u0027imix_pkt [20]\u0027 CPU: 2 PID: 1210 Comm: bash Not tainted 6.10.0-rc1 #121 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996) Call Trace:  dump_stack_lvl lib/dump_stack.c:117 __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds lib/ubsan.c:429 get_imix_entries net/core/pktgen.c:874 pktgen_if_write net/core/pktgen.c:1063 pde_write fs/proc/inode.c:334 proc_reg_write fs/proc/inode.c:346 vfs_write fs/read_write.c:593 ksys_write fs/read_write.c:644 do_syscall_64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:130 Found by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with SVACE. [ fp: allow to fill the array completely; minor changelog cleanup ] "
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2025-21680",
        "lastModified": "2026-06-17T08:44:00.363",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
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              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
              "type": "Primary"
            },
            {
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                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ],
          "ssvcV203": [
            {
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                "options": [
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                  },
                  {
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                  },
                  {
                    "technicalImpact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-10-01T19:51:54.428740Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2025-01-31T12:15:29.160",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
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            "tags": [
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          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
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            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/76201b5979768500bca362871db66d77cb4c225e"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
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            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7cde21f52042aa2e29a654458166b873d2ae66b3"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e5d24a7074dcd0c7e76b7e7e4efbbe7418d62486"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00001.html"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Modified",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-129"
              }
            ],
            "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "type": "Primary"
          },
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-129"
              }
            ],
            "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
            "type": "Secondary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-29T23:33:29+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-21680",
      "id": "CVE-2025-21680",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-01-31T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "309",
      "product_status:known_affected": "42",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "156",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: pktgen: Avoid out-of-bounds access in get_imix_entries",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-21680.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": {
        "adp": [
          {
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T20:58:57.266Z",
              "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
              "shortName": "CVE"
            },
            "references": [
              {
                "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00001.html"
              }
            ],
            "title": "CVE Program Container"
          },
          {
            "metrics": [
              {
                "cvssV3_1": {
                  "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                  "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                  "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                  "baseScore": 7.8,
                  "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                  "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                  "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                  "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                  "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                  "userInteraction": "NONE",
                  "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                  "version": "3.1"
                }
              },
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2025-21680",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "none"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "no"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "total"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2025-10-01T19:51:54.428740Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "problemTypes": [
              {
                "descriptions": [
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-129",
                    "description": "CWE-129 Improper Validation of Array Index",
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "CWE"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2025-10-01T15:59:08.530Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "product": "Linux",
              "programFiles": [
                "net/core/pktgen.c"
              ],
              "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
              "vendor": "Linux",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThan": "3450092cc2d1c311c5ea92a2486daa2a33520ea5",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "52a62f8603f97e720882c8f5aff2767ac6a11d5f",
                  "versionType": "git"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "e5d24a7074dcd0c7e76b7e7e4efbbe7418d62486",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "52a62f8603f97e720882c8f5aff2767ac6a11d5f",
                  "versionType": "git"
                },
                {
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                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "52a62f8603f97e720882c8f5aff2767ac6a11d5f",
                  "versionType": "git"
                },
                {
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                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "52a62f8603f97e720882c8f5aff2767ac6a11d5f",
                  "versionType": "git"
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                {
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                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "52a62f8603f97e720882c8f5aff2767ac6a11d5f",
                  "versionType": "git"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "defaultStatus": "affected",
              "product": "Linux",
              "programFiles": [
                "net/core/pktgen.c"
              ],
              "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
              "vendor": "Linux",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "5.15"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "5.15",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "0",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "5.15.177",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.1.127",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.6.74",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.12.11",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.13",
                  "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "cpeApplicability": [
            {
              "nodes": [
                {
                  "cpeMatch": [
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.177",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "5.15",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.127",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "5.15",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.74",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "5.15",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.11",
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                      "vulnerable": true
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                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.13",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "5.15",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    }
                  ],
                  "negate": false,
                  "operator": "OR"
                }
              ]
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          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\npktgen: Avoid out-of-bounds access in get_imix_entries\n\nPassing a sufficient amount of imix entries leads to invalid access to the\npkt_dev-\u003eimix_entries array because of the incorrect boundary check.\n\nUBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in net/core/pktgen.c:874:24\nindex 20 is out of range for type \u0027imix_pkt [20]\u0027\nCPU: 2 PID: 1210 Comm: bash Not tainted 6.10.0-rc1 #121\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)\nCall Trace:\n\u003cTASK\u003e\ndump_stack_lvl lib/dump_stack.c:117\n__ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds lib/ubsan.c:429\nget_imix_entries net/core/pktgen.c:874\npktgen_if_write net/core/pktgen.c:1063\npde_write fs/proc/inode.c:334\nproc_reg_write fs/proc/inode.c:346\nvfs_write fs/read_write.c:593\nksys_write fs/read_write.c:644\ndo_syscall_64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83\nentry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:130\n\nFound by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with SVACE.\n\n[ fp: allow to fill the array completely; minor changelog cleanup ]"
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV3_1": {
                "baseScore": 7.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "scenarios": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable parser is reached only by write(2) to /proc/net/pktgen/\u003cifname\u003e, requiring local access to the machine. No network-facing path reaches get_imix_entries().\nAC:L - A single deterministic write() of 21 \"size,weight\" pairs triggers the out-of-bounds write every time; there is no race, timing window, or memory-layout condition outside the attacker\u0027s control.\nPR:L - pktgen_if_write() and pktgen_thread_write() contain no capable() check at all, and under `unshare -Urn` the /proc/net/pktgen entries inherit the netns owner\u0027s uid (proc_net_ns_init sets /proc/net to make_kuid(net-\u003euser_ns, 0)), so an ordinary unprivileged user owns the 0600 files in their own namespace.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the entire sequence themselves \u2014 create the namespace, add the device, write the imix string \u2014 with no action by any other user.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel memory within the same security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The overwritten imix_distribution[] bytes become the array index in mod_cur_headers(), turning the bug into an out-of-bounds read of up to ~6 KB past the pktgen_dev allocation whose contents are echoed back through cur_pkt_size in the /proc output.\nI:H - This is an out-of-bounds write of 16 fully attacker-controlled bytes past imix_entries[], and the resulting corrupted index yields a further OOB increment (entry-\u003ecount_so_far++) into neighbouring slab objects at an attacker-selected offset.\nA:H - The out-of-bounds access traps under CONFIG_UBSAN_BOUNDS/UBSAN_TRAP (and panics with panic_on_warn), and the stale n_imix_entries=21 plus corrupted distribution drives further OOB accesses and bogus cur_pkt_size values into skb allocation, causing kernel crashes."
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:53:35.511Z",
            "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "shortName": "Linux"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3450092cc2d1c311c5ea92a2486daa2a33520ea5"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e5d24a7074dcd0c7e76b7e7e4efbbe7418d62486"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7cde21f52042aa2e29a654458166b873d2ae66b3"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1a9b65c672ca9dc4ba52ca2fd54329db9580ce29"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/76201b5979768500bca362871db66d77cb4c225e"
            }
          ],
          "title": "pktgen: Avoid out-of-bounds access in get_imix_entries",
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            "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
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      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "assignerShortName": "Linux",
        "cveId": "CVE-2025-21680",
        "datePublished": "2025-01-31T11:25:40.831Z",
        "dateReserved": "2024-12-29T08:45:45.738Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:53:35.511Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
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    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.