CVE-2025-10963 (GCVE-0-2025-10963)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-25 19:02 – Updated: 2025-09-25 19:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Wavlink NU516U1 firewall.cgi sub_4016F0 command injection
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in Wavlink NU516U1 M16U1_V240425. Affected is the function sub_4016F0 of the file /cgi-bin/firewall.cgi. The manipulation of the argument del_flag results in command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be exploited. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-25 19:24 UTC
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.325831 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.325831 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.652784 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/panda666-888/vuls/blob/main/wa… | related |
| https://github.com/panda666-888/vuls/blob/main/wa… | exploit |
Impacted products
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-10963",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-09-25T19:24:00.580000Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-25T19:27:26.632Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "NU516U1",
"vendor": "Wavlink",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "M16U1_V240425"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "panda_0x1 (VulDB User)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A security flaw has been discovered in Wavlink NU516U1 M16U1_V240425. Affected is the function sub_4016F0 of the file /cgi-bin/firewall.cgi. The manipulation of the argument del_flag results in command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be exploited. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way."
},
{
"lang": "de",
"value": "In Wavlink NU516U1 M16U1_V240425 ist eine Schwachstelle entdeckt worden. Dabei geht es um die Funktion sub_4016F0 der Datei /cgi-bin/firewall.cgi. Durch das Beeinflussen des Arguments del_flag mit unbekannten Daten kann eine command injection-Schwachstelle ausgenutzt werden. Der Angriff l\u00e4sst sich \u00fcber das Netzwerk starten. Der Exploit wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit bekannt gemacht und k\u00f6nnte verwendet werden."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 6.5,
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P/E:POC/RL:ND/RC:UR",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-77",
"description": "Command Injection",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-74",
"description": "Injection",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-25T19:02:05.324Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-325831 | Wavlink NU516U1 firewall.cgi sub_4016F0 command injection",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.325831"
},
{
"name": "VDB-325831 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, TTP, IOA)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.325831"
},
{
"name": "Submit #652784 | Wavlink NU516U1 M16U1_V240425 Command Injection",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.652784"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://github.com/panda666-888/vuls/blob/main/wavlink/nu516u1/singlePortForwardDelete.md"
},
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/panda666-888/vuls/blob/main/wavlink/nu516u1/singlePortForwardDelete.md#poc"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-09-25T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-09-25T02:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-09-25T12:12:03.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "Wavlink NU516U1 firewall.cgi sub_4016F0 command injection"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-10963",
"datePublished": "2025-09-25T19:02:05.324Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-09-25T10:06:45.121Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-25T19:27:26.632Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-10963",
"date": "2026-11-11",
"epss": "0.05613",
"percentile": "0.93019"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"product": "NU516U1",
"vendor": "Wavlink",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "M16U1_V240425"
}
]
}
],
"source": "cna@vuldb.com"
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:wavlink:wl-nu516u1_firmware:m16u1_v240425:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "44120A31-7BB4-4C48-834B-2C183BC77535",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
},
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:wavlink:wl-nu516u1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "C697E865-5984-4974-8A11-43CC6940ABFA",
"vulnerable": false
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "AND"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A security flaw has been discovered in Wavlink NU516U1 M16U1_V240425. Affected is the function sub_4016F0 of the file /cgi-bin/firewall.cgi. The manipulation of the argument del_flag results in command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be exploited. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way."
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "Se ha descubierto una falla de seguridad en Wavlink NU516U1 M16U1_V240425. La funci\u00f3n sub_4016F0 del archivo /cgi-bin/cortafuegos.cgi est\u00e1 afectada. La manipulaci\u00f3n del argumento del_flag resulta en inyecci\u00f3n de comandos. Es posible lanzar el ataque de forma remota. El exploit ha sido publicado y puede ser explotado. El proveedor fue contactado con antelaci\u00f3n sobre esta divulgaci\u00f3n, pero no respondi\u00f3 de ninguna manera."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-10963",
"lastModified": "2026-10-11T20:10:00.200",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV2": [
{
"acInsufInfo": false,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"cvssData": {
"accessComplexity": "LOW",
"accessVector": "NETWORK",
"authentication": "SINGLE",
"availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL",
"baseScore": 6.5,
"confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL",
"integrityImpact": "PARTIAL",
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P",
"version": "2.0"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 8.0,
"impactScore": 6.4,
"obtainAllPrivilege": false,
"obtainOtherPrivilege": false,
"obtainUserPrivilege": false,
"source": "cna@vuldb.com",
"type": "Secondary",
"userInteractionRequired": false
}
],
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "LOW",
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
"impactScore": 3.4,
"source": "cna@vuldb.com",
"type": "Secondary"
},
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 8.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
"impactScore": 5.9,
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
],
"cvssMetricV40": [
{
"cvssData": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"baseScore": 2.1,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"exploitMaturity": "PROOF_OF_CONCEPT",
"integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"source": "cna@vuldb.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2025-10963",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"automatable": "no"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-09-25T19:24:00.580000Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2025-09-25T19:15:43.667",
"references": [
{
"source": "cna@vuldb.com",
"tags": [
"Exploit",
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/panda666-888/vuls/blob/main/wavlink/nu516u1/singlePortForwardDelete.md"
},
{
"source": "cna@vuldb.com",
"tags": [
"Exploit",
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/panda666-888/vuls/blob/main/wavlink/nu516u1/singlePortForwardDelete.md#poc"
},
{
"source": "cna@vuldb.com",
"tags": [
"Permissions Required",
"VDB Entry"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.325831"
},
{
"source": "cna@vuldb.com",
"tags": [
"Third Party Advisory",
"VDB Entry"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.325831"
},
{
"source": "cna@vuldb.com",
"tags": [
"Third Party Advisory",
"VDB Entry"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.652784"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "cna@vuldb.com",
"vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-74"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-77"
}
],
"source": "cna@vuldb.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2025-09-26T19:48:21+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-10963",
"id": "CVE-2025-10963",
"initial_release_date": "2025-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "Wavlink NU516U1 firewall.cgi sub_4016F0 command injection",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-10963.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-10963",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-09-25T19:24:00.580000Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-25T19:25:36.589Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "NU516U1",
"vendor": "Wavlink",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "M16U1_V240425"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "panda_0x1 (VulDB User)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A security flaw has been discovered in Wavlink NU516U1 M16U1_V240425. Affected is the function sub_4016F0 of the file /cgi-bin/firewall.cgi. The manipulation of the argument del_flag results in command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be exploited. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way."
},
{
"lang": "de",
"value": "In Wavlink NU516U1 M16U1_V240425 ist eine Schwachstelle entdeckt worden. Dabei geht es um die Funktion sub_4016F0 der Datei /cgi-bin/firewall.cgi. Durch das Beeinflussen des Arguments del_flag mit unbekannten Daten kann eine command injection-Schwachstelle ausgenutzt werden. Der Angriff l\u00e4sst sich \u00fcber das Netzwerk starten. Der Exploit wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit bekannt gemacht und k\u00f6nnte verwendet werden."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 6.5,
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P/E:POC/RL:ND/RC:UR",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-77",
"description": "Command Injection",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-74",
"description": "Injection",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-25T19:02:05.324Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-325831 | Wavlink NU516U1 firewall.cgi sub_4016F0 command injection",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.325831"
},
{
"name": "VDB-325831 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, TTP, IOA)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.325831"
},
{
"name": "Submit #652784 | Wavlink NU516U1 M16U1_V240425 Command Injection",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.652784"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://github.com/panda666-888/vuls/blob/main/wavlink/nu516u1/singlePortForwardDelete.md"
},
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/panda666-888/vuls/blob/main/wavlink/nu516u1/singlePortForwardDelete.md#poc"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-09-25T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-09-25T02:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-09-25T12:12:03.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "Wavlink NU516U1 firewall.cgi sub_4016F0 command injection"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-10963",
"datePublished": "2025-09-25T19:02:05.324Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-09-25T10:06:45.121Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-25T19:27:26.632Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
How durations are calculated
Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.
Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.
Loading timeline…
Loading…
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.