CVE-2025-0309 (GCVE-0-2025-0309)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-14 04:35 – Updated: 2025-08-15 12:58- CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://blog.amberwolf.com/blog/2025/august/break… | third-party-advisory |
| https://www.netskope.com/company/security-complia… | vendor-advisory |
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netskope | Netskope Client |
Affected:
0 , < 129.0.0
(custom)
|
guessed |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-0309",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-08-15T12:26:51.060701Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-295",
"description": "CWE-295 Improper Certificate Validation",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-15T12:58:27.857Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Netskope Client",
"vendor": "Netskope",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "129.0.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "Richard Warren"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "An insufficient validation on the server connection endpoint in Netskope Client allows local users to elevate privileges on the system. The insufficient validation allows Netskope Client to connect to any other server with Public Signed CA TLS certificates and send specially crafted responses to elevate privileges."
}
],
"value": "An insufficient validation on the server connection endpoint in Netskope Client allows local users to elevate privileges on the system. The insufficient validation allows Netskope Client to connect to any other server with Public Signed CA TLS certificates and send specially crafted responses to elevate privileges."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "PHYSICAL",
"baseScore": 6,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-14T04:35:15.287Z",
"orgId": "bf992f6a-e49d-4e94-9479-c4cff32c62bc",
"shortName": "Netskope"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://blog.amberwolf.com/blog/2025/august/breaking-into-your-network-zer0-effort/"
},
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.netskope.com/company/security-compliance-and-assurance/security-advisories-and-disclosures/netskope-security-advisory-nskpsa-2025-002"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Update the Netskope Client to version 129.0.0 or newer"
}
],
"value": "Update the Netskope Client to version 129.0.0 or newer"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "NSKPSA-2025-002",
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "Netskope Client Local Elevation of Privileges",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "There are multiple configurations which can mitigate and reduce potential exposure: \u003cbr\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eBlock connection/access to any new domain or URLs to NS Client apart from goskope.com\u003c/li\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eUse EDR tools to monitor connections from NS Client to any random domains and block it\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\n\nMonitor for addition of any self signed certificates in operating system certificate store\n\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eMonitor the status of NS Client\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"
}
],
"value": "There are multiple configurations which can mitigate and reduce potential exposure: \n * Block connection/access to any new domain or URLs to NS Client apart from goskope.com\n * Use EDR tools to monitor connections from NS Client to any random domains and block it\n\n\n * \n\nMonitor for addition of any self signed certificates in operating system certificate store\n\n\n\n * Monitor the status of NS Client"
}
],
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "bf992f6a-e49d-4e94-9479-c4cff32c62bc",
"assignerShortName": "Netskope",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-0309",
"datePublished": "2025-08-14T04:35:15.287Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-01-07T14:23:56.898Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-15T12:58:27.857Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-0309",
"date": "2026-11-11",
"epss": "0.00186",
"percentile": "0.08274"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Netskope Client",
"vendor": "Netskope",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "129.0.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"source": "psirt@netskope.com"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "An insufficient validation on the server connection endpoint in Netskope Client allows local users to elevate privileges on the system. The insufficient validation allows Netskope Client to connect to any other server with Public Signed CA TLS certificates and send specially crafted responses to elevate privileges."
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "Una validaci\u00f3n insuficiente en el endpoint de conexi\u00f3n del servidor en Netskope Client permite a los usuarios locales elevar privilegios en el sistema. Esta validaci\u00f3n insuficiente permite a Netskope Client conectarse a cualquier otro servidor con certificados TLS de CA firmados p\u00fablicamente y enviar respuestas manipuladas espec\u00edficamente para elevar privilegios."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-0309",
"lastModified": "2026-06-17T08:26:15.670",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV40": [
{
"cvssData": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "PHYSICAL",
"availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"baseScore": 6.0,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"source": "psirt@netskope.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2025-0309",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "none"
},
{
"automatable": "no"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-08-15T12:26:51.060701Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2025-08-14T05:15:26.690",
"references": [
{
"source": "psirt@netskope.com",
"url": "https://blog.amberwolf.com/blog/2025/august/breaking-into-your-network-zer0-effort/"
},
{
"source": "psirt@netskope.com",
"url": "https://www.netskope.com/company/security-compliance-and-assurance/security-advisories-and-disclosures/netskope-security-advisory-nskpsa-2025-002"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "psirt@netskope.com",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-295"
}
],
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2025-08-16T05:29:22+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-0309",
"id": "CVE-2025-0309",
"initial_release_date": "2025-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "Netskope Client Local Elevation of Privileges",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-0309.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-0309",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-08-15T12:26:51.060701Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-295",
"description": "CWE-295 Improper Certificate Validation",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-15T12:26:54.612Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Netskope Client",
"vendor": "Netskope",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "129.0.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "Richard Warren"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "An insufficient validation on the server connection endpoint in Netskope Client allows local users to elevate privileges on the system. The insufficient validation allows Netskope Client to connect to any other server with Public Signed CA TLS certificates and send specially crafted responses to elevate privileges."
}
],
"value": "An insufficient validation on the server connection endpoint in Netskope Client allows local users to elevate privileges on the system. The insufficient validation allows Netskope Client to connect to any other server with Public Signed CA TLS certificates and send specially crafted responses to elevate privileges."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "PHYSICAL",
"baseScore": 6,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-14T04:35:15.287Z",
"orgId": "bf992f6a-e49d-4e94-9479-c4cff32c62bc",
"shortName": "Netskope"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://blog.amberwolf.com/blog/2025/august/breaking-into-your-network-zer0-effort/"
},
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.netskope.com/company/security-compliance-and-assurance/security-advisories-and-disclosures/netskope-security-advisory-nskpsa-2025-002"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Update the Netskope Client to version 129.0.0 or newer"
}
],
"value": "Update the Netskope Client to version 129.0.0 or newer"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "NSKPSA-2025-002",
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "Netskope Client Local Elevation of Privileges",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "There are multiple configurations which can mitigate and reduce potential exposure: \u003cbr\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eBlock connection/access to any new domain or URLs to NS Client apart from goskope.com\u003c/li\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eUse EDR tools to monitor connections from NS Client to any random domains and block it\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\n\nMonitor for addition of any self signed certificates in operating system certificate store\n\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eMonitor the status of NS Client\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"
}
],
"value": "There are multiple configurations which can mitigate and reduce potential exposure: \n * Block connection/access to any new domain or URLs to NS Client apart from goskope.com\n * Use EDR tools to monitor connections from NS Client to any random domains and block it\n\n\n * \n\nMonitor for addition of any self signed certificates in operating system certificate store\n\n\n\n * Monitor the status of NS Client"
}
],
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "bf992f6a-e49d-4e94-9479-c4cff32c62bc",
"assignerShortName": "Netskope",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-0309",
"datePublished": "2025-08-14T04:35:15.287Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-01-07T14:23:56.898Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-15T12:58:27.857Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
}
}
Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
How durations are calculated
Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.
Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.
Loading timeline…
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.