CVE-2024-49882 (GCVE-0-2024-49882)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-21 18:01 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ext4: fix double brelse() the buffer of the extents path
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ext4: fix double brelse() the buffer of the extents path
In ext4_ext_try_to_merge_up(), set path[1].p_bh to NULL after it has been
released, otherwise it may be released twice. An example of what triggers
this is as follows:
split2 map split1
|--------|-------|--------|
ext4_ext_map_blocks
ext4_ext_handle_unwritten_extents
ext4_split_convert_extents
// path->p_depth == 0
ext4_split_extent
// 1. do split1
ext4_split_extent_at
|ext4_ext_insert_extent
| ext4_ext_create_new_leaf
| ext4_ext_grow_indepth
| le16_add_cpu(&neh->eh_depth, 1)
| ext4_find_extent
| // return -ENOMEM
|// get error and try zeroout
|path = ext4_find_extent
| path->p_depth = 1
|ext4_ext_try_to_merge
| ext4_ext_try_to_merge_up
| path->p_depth = 0
| brelse(path[1].p_bh) ---> not set to NULL here
|// zeroout success
// 2. update path
ext4_find_extent
// 3. do split2
ext4_split_extent_at
ext4_ext_insert_extent
ext4_ext_create_new_leaf
ext4_ext_grow_indepth
le16_add_cpu(&neh->eh_depth, 1)
ext4_find_extent
path[0].p_bh = NULL;
path->p_depth = 1
read_extent_tree_block ---> return err
// path[1].p_bh is still the old value
ext4_free_ext_path
ext4_ext_drop_refs
// path->p_depth == 1
brelse(path[1].p_bh) ---> brelse a buffer twice
Finally got the following WARRNING when removing the buffer from lru:
============================================
VFS: brelse: Trying to free free buffer
WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 72 at fs/buffer.c:1241 __brelse+0x58/0x90
CPU: 2 PID: 72 Comm: kworker/u19:1 Not tainted 6.9.0-dirty #716
RIP: 0010:__brelse+0x58/0x90
Call Trace:
<TASK>
__find_get_block+0x6e7/0x810
bdev_getblk+0x2b/0x480
__ext4_get_inode_loc+0x48a/0x1240
ext4_get_inode_loc+0xb2/0x150
ext4_reserve_inode_write+0xb7/0x230
__ext4_mark_inode_dirty+0x144/0x6a0
ext4_ext_insert_extent+0x9c8/0x3230
ext4_ext_map_blocks+0xf45/0x2dc0
ext4_map_blocks+0x724/0x1700
ext4_do_writepages+0x12d6/0x2a70
[...]
============================================
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-22 13:45 UTC
Assigner
References
11 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
ecb94f5fdf4b72547fca022421a9dca1672bddd4 , < d4574bda63906bf69660e001470bfe1a0ac524ae
(git)
Affected: ecb94f5fdf4b72547fca022421a9dca1672bddd4 , < f9fd47c9d9548f9e47fa60098eab99dde175401d (git) Affected: ecb94f5fdf4b72547fca022421a9dca1672bddd4 , < b6c29c8f3d7cb67b505f3b2f6c242d52298d1f2e (git) Affected: ecb94f5fdf4b72547fca022421a9dca1672bddd4 , < 32bbb59e3f18facd7201bef110010bf35819b8c3 (git) Affected: ecb94f5fdf4b72547fca022421a9dca1672bddd4 , < 78bbc3d15b6f443acb26e94418c445bac940d414 (git) Affected: ecb94f5fdf4b72547fca022421a9dca1672bddd4 , < 68a69cf60660c73990c1875f94a5551600b04775 (git) Affected: ecb94f5fdf4b72547fca022421a9dca1672bddd4 , < 7633407ca4ab8be2916ab214eb44ccebc6a50e1a (git) Affected: ecb94f5fdf4b72547fca022421a9dca1672bddd4 , < 230ee0535d01478bad9a3037292043f39b9be10b (git) Affected: ecb94f5fdf4b72547fca022421a9dca1672bddd4 , < dcaa6c31134c0f515600111c38ed7750003e1b9c (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
3.7
Unaffected: 0 , < 3.7 (semver) Unaffected: 4.19.323 , ≤ 4.19.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.285 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.227 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.168 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.113 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.55 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.10.14 , ≤ 6.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.11.3 , ≤ 6.11.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\next4: fix double brelse() the buffer of the extents path\n\nIn ext4_ext_try_to_merge_up(), set path[1].p_bh to NULL after it has been\nreleased, otherwise it may be released twice. An example of what triggers\nthis is as follows:\n\n split2 map split1\n|--------|-------|--------|\n\next4_ext_map_blocks\n ext4_ext_handle_unwritten_extents\n ext4_split_convert_extents\n // path-\u003ep_depth == 0\n ext4_split_extent\n // 1. do split1\n ext4_split_extent_at\n |ext4_ext_insert_extent\n | ext4_ext_create_new_leaf\n | ext4_ext_grow_indepth\n | le16_add_cpu(\u0026neh-\u003eeh_depth, 1)\n | ext4_find_extent\n | // return -ENOMEM\n |// get error and try zeroout\n |path = ext4_find_extent\n | path-\u003ep_depth = 1\n |ext4_ext_try_to_merge\n | ext4_ext_try_to_merge_up\n | path-\u003ep_depth = 0\n | brelse(path[1].p_bh) ---\u003e not set to NULL here\n |// zeroout success\n // 2. update path\n ext4_find_extent\n // 3. do split2\n ext4_split_extent_at\n ext4_ext_insert_extent\n ext4_ext_create_new_leaf\n ext4_ext_grow_indepth\n le16_add_cpu(\u0026neh-\u003eeh_depth, 1)\n ext4_find_extent\n path[0].p_bh = NULL;\n path-\u003ep_depth = 1\n read_extent_tree_block ---\u003e return err\n // path[1].p_bh is still the old value\n ext4_free_ext_path\n ext4_ext_drop_refs\n // path-\u003ep_depth == 1\n brelse(path[1].p_bh) ---\u003e brelse a buffer twice\n\nFinally got the following WARRNING when removing the buffer from lru:\n\n============================================\nVFS: brelse: Trying to free free buffer\nWARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 72 at fs/buffer.c:1241 __brelse+0x58/0x90\nCPU: 2 PID: 72 Comm: kworker/u19:1 Not tainted 6.9.0-dirty #716\nRIP: 0010:__brelse+0x58/0x90\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n __find_get_block+0x6e7/0x810\n bdev_getblk+0x2b/0x480\n __ext4_get_inode_loc+0x48a/0x1240\n ext4_get_inode_loc+0xb2/0x150\n ext4_reserve_inode_write+0xb7/0x230\n __ext4_mark_inode_dirty+0x144/0x6a0\n ext4_ext_insert_extent+0x9c8/0x3230\n ext4_ext_map_blocks+0xf45/0x2dc0\n ext4_map_blocks+0x724/0x1700\n ext4_do_writepages+0x12d6/0x2a70\n[...]\n============================================"
}
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"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The vulnerable extent-split path is reached through ordinary local file operations (fallocate + write/writeback, ZERO_RANGE, punch hole) on a mounted ext4 filesystem, requiring local system access rather than any network protocol handler.\nAC:L - The attacker fully drives both stages \u2014 creating unwritten extents and splitting them at will \u2014 and can force the required allocation/IO failure deterministically via an attacker-controlled backing device (-EIO), a crafted extent block (-EFSCORRUPTED), or self-inflicted GFP_NOFS memory pressure (-ENOMEM), so no condition lies outside the attacker\u0027s influence.\nPR:L - Only an unprivileged local account with write access to any file on an ext4 filesystem (/tmp, /home, an Android app sandbox on /data, a container writable layer) is needed; no capability, root, or namespace escalation is involved.\nUI:N - The attacker performs fallocate() and writes entirely on their own files and can force writeback via fsync(); no victim action such as mounting an image or opening a file is required.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel memory and filesystem metadata within the same security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The stolen buffer_head reference lets a live bh and its folio be freed while still in use, yielding a slab use-after-free whose recycled object contents (b_data, b_page, b_end_io) can be read back, and it can drop a refcount on an unrelated inode\u0027s metadata buffer, exposing arbitrary page-cache contents.\nI:H - The refcount underflow produces a use-after-free on a bh_cachep object containing the b_end_io function pointer and list pointers, giving heap-spray-based write and control-flow-hijack primitives, plus corruption of another inode\u0027s on-disk metadata buffer.\nA:H - The bug reproducibly triggers a WARN in __brelse() (fatal with panic_on_warn) and, in the reference-stealing case, a use-after-free that oopses the kernel and corrupts filesystem metadata, causing a full system crash."
}
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"title": "ext4: fix double brelse() the buffer of the extents path",
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"datePublished": "2024-10-21T18:01:20.144Z",
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"date": "2026-10-31",
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"product_status:fixed": "5",
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"source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
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"title": "ext4: fix double brelse() the buffer of the extents path",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2024/msrc_cve-2024-49882.json",
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"value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: ext4: corregir el doble brelse() del b\u00fafer de la ruta de las extensiones En ext4_ext_try_to_merge_up(), establezca path[1].p_bh en NULL despu\u00e9s de que se haya liberado, de lo contrario, puede liberarse dos veces. Un ejemplo de lo que desencadena esto es el siguiente: split2 map split1 |--------|-------|--------| ext4_ext_map_blocks ext4_ext_handle_unwritten_extents ext4_split_convert_extents // path-\u0026gt;p_depth == 0 ext4_split_extent // 1. hacer split1 ext4_split_extent_at |ext4_ext_insert_extent | ext4_ext_create_new_leaf | ext4_ext_grow_indepth | le16_add_cpu(\u0026amp;neh-\u0026gt;eh_depth, 1) | ext4_find_extent | // devuelve -ENOMEM |// obtiene el error e intenta poner a cero |path = ext4_find_extent | path-\u0026gt;p_depth = 1 |ext4_ext_try_to_merge | ext4_ext_try_to_merge_up | path-\u0026gt;p_depth = 0 | brelse(path[1].p_bh) ---\u0026gt; no establecido en NULL aqu\u00ed |// puesta a cero exitosa // 2. actualizar ruta ext4_find_extent // 3. hacer split2 ext4_split_extent_at ext4_ext_insert_extent ext4_ext_create_new_leaf ext4_ext_grow_indepth le16_add_cpu(\u0026amp;neh-\u0026gt;eh_depth, 1) ext4_find_extent path[0].p_bh = NULL; path-\u0026gt;p_depth = 1 read_extent_tree_block ---\u0026gt; return err // path[1].p_bh sigue siendo el valor anterior ext4_free_ext_path ext4_ext_drop_refs // path-\u0026gt;p_depth == 1 brelse(path[1].p_bh) ---\u0026gt; brelse un buffer dos veces Finalmente obtuve la siguiente ADVERTENCIA al eliminar el buffer de lru: =============================================== VFS: brelse: Intentando liberar b\u00fafer libre ADVERTENCIA: CPU: 2 PID: 72 en fs/buffer.c:1241 __brelse+0x58/0x90 CPU: 2 PID: 72 Comm: kworker/u19:1 No contaminado 6.9.0-dirty #716 RIP: 0010:__brelse+0x58/0x90 Seguimiento de llamadas: __find_get_block+0x6e7/0x810 bdev_getblk+0x2b/0x480 __ext4_get_inode_loc+0x48a/0x1240 ext4_get_inode_loc+0xb2/0x150 ext4_reserve_inode_write+0xb7/0x230 __ext4_mark_inode_dirty+0x144/0x6a0 ext4_ext_insert_extent+0x9c8/0x3230 ext4_ext_map_blocks+0xf45/0x2dc0 ext4_map_blocks+0x724/0x1700 ext4_do_writepages+0x12d6/0x2a70 [...] ============================================"
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"versionEndExcluding": "6.12",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.7",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\next4: fix double brelse() the buffer of the extents path\n\nIn ext4_ext_try_to_merge_up(), set path[1].p_bh to NULL after it has been\nreleased, otherwise it may be released twice. An example of what triggers\nthis is as follows:\n\n split2 map split1\n|--------|-------|--------|\n\next4_ext_map_blocks\n ext4_ext_handle_unwritten_extents\n ext4_split_convert_extents\n // path-\u003ep_depth == 0\n ext4_split_extent\n // 1. do split1\n ext4_split_extent_at\n |ext4_ext_insert_extent\n | ext4_ext_create_new_leaf\n | ext4_ext_grow_indepth\n | le16_add_cpu(\u0026neh-\u003eeh_depth, 1)\n | ext4_find_extent\n | // return -ENOMEM\n |// get error and try zeroout\n |path = ext4_find_extent\n | path-\u003ep_depth = 1\n |ext4_ext_try_to_merge\n | ext4_ext_try_to_merge_up\n | path-\u003ep_depth = 0\n | brelse(path[1].p_bh) ---\u003e not set to NULL here\n |// zeroout success\n // 2. update path\n ext4_find_extent\n // 3. do split2\n ext4_split_extent_at\n ext4_ext_insert_extent\n ext4_ext_create_new_leaf\n ext4_ext_grow_indepth\n le16_add_cpu(\u0026neh-\u003eeh_depth, 1)\n ext4_find_extent\n path[0].p_bh = NULL;\n path-\u003ep_depth = 1\n read_extent_tree_block ---\u003e return err\n // path[1].p_bh is still the old value\n ext4_free_ext_path\n ext4_ext_drop_refs\n // path-\u003ep_depth == 1\n brelse(path[1].p_bh) ---\u003e brelse a buffer twice\n\nFinally got the following WARRNING when removing the buffer from lru:\n\n============================================\nVFS: brelse: Trying to free free buffer\nWARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 72 at fs/buffer.c:1241 __brelse+0x58/0x90\nCPU: 2 PID: 72 Comm: kworker/u19:1 Not tainted 6.9.0-dirty #716\nRIP: 0010:__brelse+0x58/0x90\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n __find_get_block+0x6e7/0x810\n bdev_getblk+0x2b/0x480\n __ext4_get_inode_loc+0x48a/0x1240\n ext4_get_inode_loc+0xb2/0x150\n ext4_reserve_inode_write+0xb7/0x230\n __ext4_mark_inode_dirty+0x144/0x6a0\n ext4_ext_insert_extent+0x9c8/0x3230\n ext4_ext_map_blocks+0xf45/0x2dc0\n ext4_map_blocks+0x724/0x1700\n ext4_do_writepages+0x12d6/0x2a70\n[...]\n============================================"
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-05-04T09:40:17.799Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d4574bda63906bf69660e001470bfe1a0ac524ae"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f9fd47c9d9548f9e47fa60098eab99dde175401d"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b6c29c8f3d7cb67b505f3b2f6c242d52298d1f2e"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/32bbb59e3f18facd7201bef110010bf35819b8c3"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/78bbc3d15b6f443acb26e94418c445bac940d414"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/68a69cf60660c73990c1875f94a5551600b04775"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7633407ca4ab8be2916ab214eb44ccebc6a50e1a"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/230ee0535d01478bad9a3037292043f39b9be10b"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dcaa6c31134c0f515600111c38ed7750003e1b9c"
}
],
"title": "ext4: fix double brelse() the buffer of the extents path",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-49882",
"datePublished": "2024-10-21T18:01:20.144Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-10-21T12:17:06.021Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T22:22:48.090Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
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Nomenclature
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
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They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.