CVE-2024-45016 (GCVE-0-2024-45016)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-11 15:13 – Updated: 2026-10-15 00:50
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
netem: fix return value if duplicate enqueue fails
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
netem: fix return value if duplicate enqueue fails
There is a bug in netem_enqueue() introduced by
commit 5845f706388a ("net: netem: fix skb length BUG_ON in __skb_to_sgvec")
that can lead to a use-after-free.
This commit made netem_enqueue() always return NET_XMIT_SUCCESS
when a packet is duplicated, which can cause the parent qdisc's q.qlen
to be mistakenly incremented. When this happens qlen_notify() may be
skipped on the parent during destruction, leaving a dangling pointer
for some classful qdiscs like DRR.
There are two ways for the bug happen:
- If the duplicated packet is dropped by rootq->enqueue() and then
the original packet is also dropped.
- If rootq->enqueue() sends the duplicated packet to a different qdisc
and the original packet is dropped.
In both cases NET_XMIT_SUCCESS is returned even though no packets
are enqueued at the netem qdisc.
The fix is to defer the enqueue of the duplicate packet until after
the original packet has been guaranteed to return NET_XMIT_SUCCESS.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-29 15:49 UTC
Assigner
References
10 references
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5845f706388a4cde0f6b80f9e5d33527e942b7d9 , < 759e3e8c4a6a6b4e52ebc4547123a457f0ce90d4
(git)
Affected: 5845f706388a4cde0f6b80f9e5d33527e942b7d9 , < c414000da1c2ea1ba9a5e5bb1a4ba774e51e202d (git) Affected: 5845f706388a4cde0f6b80f9e5d33527e942b7d9 , < 52d99a69f3d556c6426048c9d481b912205919d8 (git) Affected: 5845f706388a4cde0f6b80f9e5d33527e942b7d9 , < 0486d31dd8198e22b63a4730244b38fffce6d469 (git) Affected: 5845f706388a4cde0f6b80f9e5d33527e942b7d9 , < 577d6c0619467fe90f7e8e57e45cb5bd9d936014 (git) Affected: 5845f706388a4cde0f6b80f9e5d33527e942b7d9 , < e5bb2988a310667abed66c7d3ffa28880cf0f883 (git) Affected: 5845f706388a4cde0f6b80f9e5d33527e942b7d9 , < c07ff8592d57ed258afee5a5e04991a48dbaf382 (git) Affected: a550a01b8af856f2684b0f79d552f5119eb5006c (git) Affected: 009510a90e230bb495f3fe25c7db956679263b07 (git) Affected: 4de7d30668cb8b06330992e1cd336f91700a2ce7 (git) Affected: d1dd2e15c85e890a1cc9bde5ba07ae63331e5c73 (git) Affected: 0148fe458b5705e2fea7cb88294fed7e36066ca2 (git) Affected: 3.16.66 , < 3.17 (semver) Affected: 4.9.163 , < 4.10 (semver) Affected: 4.14.106 , < 4.15 (semver) Affected: 4.19.28 , < 4.20 (semver) Affected: 4.20.15 , < 4.21 (semver) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5.0
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.0 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.283 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.225 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.166 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.107 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.48 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.10.7 , ≤ 6.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.11 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed | |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystem |
Affected:
0 , < V1.1.1
(custom)
|
guessed |
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"value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached by configuring a DRR/netem qdisc hierarchy via rtnetlink (RTM_NEWQDISC/RTM_NEWTCLASS) and locally transmitting packets through it. This requires local system access, matching the tc/netlink qdisc guidance.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls both trigger conditions \u2014 netem\u0027s `duplicate` probability (settable to 100%) and its `limit` \u2014 so the bogus NET_XMIT_SUCCESS is produced deterministically on every enqueue, with no race to win and no reliance on state outside the attacker\u0027s control.\nPR:L - Qdisc and class configuration requires CAP_NET_ADMIN, but the check is `netlink_net_capable()` against the netns owner user_ns, so any unprivileged user obtains it inside `unshare -Urn` along with a dummy/veth device to attach the qdiscs to.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step \u2014 qdisc setup, packet transmission, class deletion, and the subsequent dequeue that touches freed memory \u2014 with no victim action required.\nS:U - The corruption occurs in kernel heap memory within the same host security authority; there is no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - The freed `struct drr_class` remains linked in `q-\u003eactive` and is dereferenced on dequeue (`cl-\u003eqdisc-\u003eops-\u003epeek`, `cl-\u003edeficit`), so reclaiming the slab object lets the attacker read arbitrary kernel memory through the attacker-controlled `cl-\u003eqdisc` pointer.\nI:H - The use-after-free yields a write primitive via `list_del`/`list_move_tail` into the freed object and a controlled function-pointer call through `cl-\u003eqdisc-\u003eops-\u003epeek`, which is sufficient for control-flow hijack and privilege escalation.\nA:H - Even without successful exploitation the dangling `drr_class` pointer causes an oops/panic on the next dequeue, and the desynchronized parent q.qlen corrupts scheduler state, reliably crashing the kernel."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:37:41.654Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/759e3e8c4a6a6b4e52ebc4547123a457f0ce90d4"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c414000da1c2ea1ba9a5e5bb1a4ba774e51e202d"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/52d99a69f3d556c6426048c9d481b912205919d8"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0486d31dd8198e22b63a4730244b38fffce6d469"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/577d6c0619467fe90f7e8e57e45cb5bd9d936014"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e5bb2988a310667abed66c7d3ffa28880cf0f883"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c07ff8592d57ed258afee5a5e04991a48dbaf382"
}
],
"title": "netem: fix return value if duplicate enqueue fails",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-45016",
"datePublished": "2024-09-11T15:13:52.053Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-08-21T05:34:56.682Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T00:50:01.010Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
How durations are calculated
Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.
Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.