CVE-2024-38588 (GCVE-0-2024-38588)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-06-19 13:37 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ftrace: Fix possible use-after-free issue in ftrace_location()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ftrace: Fix possible use-after-free issue in ftrace_location()
KASAN reports a bug:
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in ftrace_location+0x90/0x120
Read of size 8 at addr ffff888141d40010 by task insmod/424
CPU: 8 PID: 424 Comm: insmod Tainted: G W 6.9.0-rc2+
[...]
Call Trace:
<TASK>
dump_stack_lvl+0x68/0xa0
print_report+0xcf/0x610
kasan_report+0xb5/0xe0
ftrace_location+0x90/0x120
register_kprobe+0x14b/0xa40
kprobe_init+0x2d/0xff0 [kprobe_example]
do_one_initcall+0x8f/0x2d0
do_init_module+0x13a/0x3c0
load_module+0x3082/0x33d0
init_module_from_file+0xd2/0x130
__x64_sys_finit_module+0x306/0x440
do_syscall_64+0x68/0x140
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x71/0x79
The root cause is that, in lookup_rec(), ftrace record of some address
is being searched in ftrace pages of some module, but those ftrace pages
at the same time is being freed in ftrace_release_mod() as the
corresponding module is being deleted:
CPU1 | CPU2
register_kprobes() { | delete_module() {
check_kprobe_address_safe() { |
arch_check_ftrace_location() { |
ftrace_location() { |
lookup_rec() // USE! | ftrace_release_mod() // Free!
To fix this issue:
1. Hold rcu lock as accessing ftrace pages in ftrace_location_range();
2. Use ftrace_location_range() instead of lookup_rec() in
ftrace_location();
3. Call synchronize_rcu() before freeing any ftrace pages both in
ftrace_process_locs()/ftrace_release_mod()/ftrace_free_mem().
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-30 19:17 UTC
CWE
- CWE-416 - Use After Free
Assigner
References
9 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
ae6aa16fdc163afe6b04b6c073ad4ddd4663c03b , < eea46baf145150910ba134f75a67106ba2222c1b
(git)
Affected: ae6aa16fdc163afe6b04b6c073ad4ddd4663c03b , < 1880a324af1c95940a7c954b6b937e86844a33bd (git) Affected: ae6aa16fdc163afe6b04b6c073ad4ddd4663c03b , < 8ea8ef5e42173560ac510e92a1cc797ffeea8831 (git) Affected: ae6aa16fdc163afe6b04b6c073ad4ddd4663c03b , < dbff5f0bfb2416b8b55c105ddbcd4f885e98fada (git) Affected: ae6aa16fdc163afe6b04b6c073ad4ddd4663c03b , < 7b4881da5b19f65709f5c18c1a4d8caa2e496461 (git) Affected: ae6aa16fdc163afe6b04b6c073ad4ddd4663c03b , < 66df065b3106964e667b37bf8f7e55ec69d0c1f6 (git) Affected: ae6aa16fdc163afe6b04b6c073ad4ddd4663c03b , < 31310e373f4c8c74e029d4326b283e757edabc0b (git) Affected: ae6aa16fdc163afe6b04b6c073ad4ddd4663c03b , < e60b613df8b6253def41215402f72986fee3fc8d (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
3.7
Unaffected: 0 , < 3.7 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.286 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.227 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.162 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.93 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.33 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.8.12 , ≤ 6.8.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.9.3 , ≤ 6.9.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.10 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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"value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: ftrace: Solucionar posible problema de use-after-free en ftrace_location() KASAN informa un error: ERROR: KASAN: use-after-free en ftrace_location+0x90/0x120 Lectura de tama\u00f1o 8 en addr ffff888141d40010 por tarea insmod/424 CPU: 8 PID: 424 Comm: insmod Tainted: GW 6.9.0-rc2+ [...] Rastreo de llamadas: dump_stack_lvl+0x68/0xa0 print_report+0xcf/0x610 kasan_report+0xb5/ 0xe0 ftrace_location+0x90/0x120 Register_kprobe+0x14b/0xa40 kprobe_init+0x2d/0xff0 [kprobe_example] do_one_initcall+0x8f/0x2d0 do_init_module+0x13a/0x3c0 load_module+0x3082/0x33d0 init_module_from _file+0xd2/0x130 __x64_sys_finit_module+0x306/0x440 do_syscall_64+0x68/0x140 entrada_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe +0x71/0x79 La causa principal es que, en lookup_rec(), el registro ftrace de alguna direcci\u00f3n se busca en las p\u00e1ginas ftrace de alg\u00fan m\u00f3dulo, pero esas p\u00e1ginas ftrace al mismo tiempo se liberan en ftrace_release_mod() como lo est\u00e1 el m\u00f3dulo correspondiente. siendo eliminado: CPU1 | CPU2 registro_kprobes() { | eliminar_m\u00f3dulo() { check_kprobe_address_safe() { | arch_check_ftrace_location() { | ftrace_ubicaci\u00f3n() { | lookup_rec() // \u00a1UTILIZAR! | ftrace_release_mod() // \u00a1Gratis! Para solucionar este problema: 1. Mantenga presionado rcu lock mientras accede a las p\u00e1ginas de ftrace en ftrace_location_range(); 2. Utilice ftrace_location_range() en lugar de lookup_rec() en ftrace_location(); 3. Llame a sincronizar_rcu() antes de liberar cualquier p\u00e1gina ftrace tanto en ftrace_process_locs()/ftrace_release_mod()/ftrace_free_mem()."
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nftrace: Fix possible use-after-free issue in ftrace_location()\n\nKASAN reports a bug:\n\n BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in ftrace_location+0x90/0x120\n Read of size 8 at addr ffff888141d40010 by task insmod/424\n CPU: 8 PID: 424 Comm: insmod Tainted: G W 6.9.0-rc2+\n [...]\n Call Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n dump_stack_lvl+0x68/0xa0\n print_report+0xcf/0x610\n kasan_report+0xb5/0xe0\n ftrace_location+0x90/0x120\n register_kprobe+0x14b/0xa40\n kprobe_init+0x2d/0xff0 [kprobe_example]\n do_one_initcall+0x8f/0x2d0\n do_init_module+0x13a/0x3c0\n load_module+0x3082/0x33d0\n init_module_from_file+0xd2/0x130\n __x64_sys_finit_module+0x306/0x440\n do_syscall_64+0x68/0x140\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x71/0x79\n\nThe root cause is that, in lookup_rec(), ftrace record of some address\nis being searched in ftrace pages of some module, but those ftrace pages\nat the same time is being freed in ftrace_release_mod() as the\ncorresponding module is being deleted:\n\n CPU1 | CPU2\n register_kprobes() { | delete_module() {\n check_kprobe_address_safe() { |\n arch_check_ftrace_location() { |\n ftrace_location() { |\n lookup_rec() // USE! | ftrace_release_mod() // Free!\n\nTo fix this issue:\n 1. Hold rcu lock as accessing ftrace pages in ftrace_location_range();\n 2. Use ftrace_location_range() instead of lookup_rec() in\n ftrace_location();\n 3. Call synchronize_rcu() before freeing any ftrace pages both in\n ftrace_process_locs()/ftrace_release_mod()/ftrace_free_mem()."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - Both sides of the race are driven through local syscalls \u2014 `finit_module`/`delete_module` (or unprivileged module autoload) on the free side and `perf_event_open`/`bpf()`/tracefs `kprobe_events` on the `ftrace_location()` reader side. There is no remote or adjacent-network path into ftrace page management.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race and can loop them concurrently \u2014 repeatedly registering kprobes/fprobes on one CPU while loading/unloading a module on another \u2014 and the window spans the entire unlocked `pg-\u003enext`/bsearch walk, which is why the reporter hit it with a plain `insmod` of the sample kprobe module. `CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE` is enabled in virtually all production kernels, so no rare configuration is needed.\nPR:L - The reader side is reachable by a low-privileged tracing-capable task (CAP_PERFMON/CAP_BPF, routinely granted to containerised monitoring agents rather than full root), and the free side can be triggered by an unprivileged task via module autoloading (`request_module()` from AF_ALG bind or socket-family aliases) as well as by module load/unload. No full init-namespace root is required for the whole chain.\nUI:N - The attacker triggers both the kprobe/ftrace registration and the module load/unload entirely on their own; no victim action or cooperation is involved.\nS:U - The use-after-free is in kernel heap/page memory and its consequences stay within the kernel\u0027s own security authority \u2014 no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - `lookup_rec()` reads freed `struct ftrace_page` objects and freed record pages, and the harvested contents (`rec-\u003eip`) are returned to the caller and observable through kprobe/ftrace state, exposing whatever reallocated kernel data now occupies those pages.\nI:H - The address returned from freed memory is consumed as a code-patching target \u2014 stored as `tr-\u003eip` for BPF trampolines and installed into ftrace filter hashes \u2014 so heap spraying of the reclaimed pages can steer kernel text modification to an attacker-chosen address, giving a write/control-flow-hijack primitive.\nA:H - Traversing the freed `pg-\u003enext` list and bsearching freed record pages dereferences wild pointers, producing an oops or panic; the race can be retried indefinitely to force a crash."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:33:01.142Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eea46baf145150910ba134f75a67106ba2222c1b"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1880a324af1c95940a7c954b6b937e86844a33bd"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8ea8ef5e42173560ac510e92a1cc797ffeea8831"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dbff5f0bfb2416b8b55c105ddbcd4f885e98fada"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7b4881da5b19f65709f5c18c1a4d8caa2e496461"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/66df065b3106964e667b37bf8f7e55ec69d0c1f6"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/31310e373f4c8c74e029d4326b283e757edabc0b"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e60b613df8b6253def41215402f72986fee3fc8d"
}
],
"title": "ftrace: Fix possible use-after-free issue in ftrace_location()",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-38588",
"datePublished": "2024-06-19T13:37:43.262Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-06-18T19:36:34.929Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:33:01.142Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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