CVE-2024-36009 (GCVE-0-2024-36009)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-20 09:48 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:31
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ax25: Fix netdev refcount issue
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ax25: Fix netdev refcount issue
The dev_tracker is added to ax25_cb in ax25_bind(). When the
ax25 device is detaching, the dev_tracker of ax25_cb should be
deallocated in ax25_kill_by_device() instead of the dev_tracker
of ax25_dev. The log reported by ref_tracker is shown below:
[ 80.884935] ref_tracker: reference already released.
[ 80.885150] ref_tracker: allocated in:
[ 80.885349] ax25_dev_device_up+0x105/0x540
[ 80.885730] ax25_device_event+0xa4/0x420
[ 80.885730] notifier_call_chain+0xc9/0x1e0
[ 80.885730] __dev_notify_flags+0x138/0x280
[ 80.885730] dev_change_flags+0xd7/0x180
[ 80.885730] dev_ifsioc+0x6a9/0xa30
[ 80.885730] dev_ioctl+0x4d8/0xd90
[ 80.885730] sock_do_ioctl+0x1c2/0x2d0
[ 80.885730] sock_ioctl+0x38b/0x4f0
[ 80.885730] __se_sys_ioctl+0xad/0xf0
[ 80.885730] do_syscall_64+0xc4/0x1b0
[ 80.885730] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x67/0x6f
[ 80.885730] ref_tracker: freed in:
[ 80.885730] ax25_device_event+0x272/0x420
[ 80.885730] notifier_call_chain+0xc9/0x1e0
[ 80.885730] dev_close_many+0x272/0x370
[ 80.885730] unregister_netdevice_many_notify+0x3b5/0x1180
[ 80.885730] unregister_netdev+0xcf/0x120
[ 80.885730] sixpack_close+0x11f/0x1b0
[ 80.885730] tty_ldisc_kill+0xcb/0x190
[ 80.885730] tty_ldisc_hangup+0x338/0x3d0
[ 80.885730] __tty_hangup+0x504/0x740
[ 80.885730] tty_release+0x46e/0xd80
[ 80.885730] __fput+0x37f/0x770
[ 80.885730] __x64_sys_close+0x7b/0xb0
[ 80.885730] do_syscall_64+0xc4/0x1b0
[ 80.885730] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x67/0x6f
[ 80.893739] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 80.894030] WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 140 at lib/ref_tracker.c:255 ref_tracker_free+0x47b/0x6b0
[ 80.894297] Modules linked in:
[ 80.894929] CPU: 2 PID: 140 Comm: ax25_conn_rel_6 Not tainted 6.9.0-rc4-g8cd26fd90c1a #11
[ 80.895190] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.14.0-0-g155821a1990b-prebuilt.qem4
[ 80.895514] RIP: 0010:ref_tracker_free+0x47b/0x6b0
[ 80.895808] Code: 83 c5 18 4c 89 eb 48 c1 eb 03 8a 04 13 84 c0 0f 85 df 01 00 00 41 83 7d 00 00 75 4b 4c 89 ff 9
[ 80.896171] RSP: 0018:ffff888009edf8c0 EFLAGS: 00000286
[ 80.896339] RAX: 1ffff1100141ac00 RBX: 1ffff1100149463b RCX: dffffc0000000000
[ 80.896502] RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: 0000000000000246 RDI: ffff88800a0d6518
[ 80.896925] RBP: ffff888009edf9b0 R08: ffff88806d3288d3 R09: 1ffff1100da6511a
[ 80.897212] R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: ffffed100da6511b R12: ffff88800a4a31d4
[ 80.897859] R13: ffff88800a4a31d8 R14: dffffc0000000000 R15: ffff88800a0d6518
[ 80.898279] FS: 00007fd88b7fe700(0000) GS:ffff88806d300000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 80.899436] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[ 80.900181] CR2: 00007fd88c001d48 CR3: 000000000993e000 CR4: 00000000000006f0
...
[ 80.935774] ref_tracker: sp%d@000000000bb9df3d has 1/1 users at
[ 80.935774] ax25_bind+0x424/0x4e0
[ 80.935774] __sys_bind+0x1d9/0x270
[ 80.935774] __x64_sys_bind+0x75/0x80
[ 80.935774] do_syscall_64+0xc4/0x1b0
[ 80.935774] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x67/0x6f
Change ax25_dev->dev_tracker to the dev_tracker of ax25_cb
in order to mitigate the bug.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-06-13 20:06 UTC
Assigner
References
6 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
feef318c855a361a1eccd880f33e88c460eb63b4 , < 0d14f104027e30720582448706c7d6b43065c851
(git)
Affected: feef318c855a361a1eccd880f33e88c460eb63b4 , < 4fee8fa86a15d7790268eea458b1aec69c695530 (git) Affected: feef318c855a361a1eccd880f33e88c460eb63b4 , < c42b073d9af4a5329b25b17390c63ab3847f30e8 (git) Affected: feef318c855a361a1eccd880f33e88c460eb63b4 , < 467324bcfe1a31ec65d0cf4aa59421d6b7a7d52b (git) Affected: b8c07f33aa35dacf5444e7053ed9662d1869f536 (git) Affected: b1e0a6fc7f17500484c402ad1cd018c24dfc14b3 (git) Affected: 7528d0f2210c3a1154186175516ed37aa970f2b1 (git) Affected: 57cc15f5fd550316e4104eaf84b90fbc640fd7a5 (git) Affected: b982492ec3a115e0a136856a1b2dbe32f2d21a0e (git) Affected: 4.14.277 , < 4.15 (semver) Affected: 4.19.240 , < 4.20 (semver) Affected: 5.4.190 , < 5.5 (semver) Affected: 5.10.112 , < 5.11 (semver) Affected: 5.15.35 , < 5.16 (semver) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5.17
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.17 (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.90 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.30 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.8.9 , ≤ 6.8.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.9 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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"descriptions": [
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"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nax25: Fix netdev refcount issue\n\nThe dev_tracker is added to ax25_cb in ax25_bind(). When the\nax25 device is detaching, the dev_tracker of ax25_cb should be\ndeallocated in ax25_kill_by_device() instead of the dev_tracker\nof ax25_dev. The log reported by ref_tracker is shown below:\n\n[ 80.884935] ref_tracker: reference already released.\n[ 80.885150] ref_tracker: allocated in:\n[ 80.885349] ax25_dev_device_up+0x105/0x540\n[ 80.885730] ax25_device_event+0xa4/0x420\n[ 80.885730] notifier_call_chain+0xc9/0x1e0\n[ 80.885730] __dev_notify_flags+0x138/0x280\n[ 80.885730] dev_change_flags+0xd7/0x180\n[ 80.885730] dev_ifsioc+0x6a9/0xa30\n[ 80.885730] dev_ioctl+0x4d8/0xd90\n[ 80.885730] sock_do_ioctl+0x1c2/0x2d0\n[ 80.885730] sock_ioctl+0x38b/0x4f0\n[ 80.885730] __se_sys_ioctl+0xad/0xf0\n[ 80.885730] do_syscall_64+0xc4/0x1b0\n[ 80.885730] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x67/0x6f\n[ 80.885730] ref_tracker: freed in:\n[ 80.885730] ax25_device_event+0x272/0x420\n[ 80.885730] notifier_call_chain+0xc9/0x1e0\n[ 80.885730] dev_close_many+0x272/0x370\n[ 80.885730] unregister_netdevice_many_notify+0x3b5/0x1180\n[ 80.885730] unregister_netdev+0xcf/0x120\n[ 80.885730] sixpack_close+0x11f/0x1b0\n[ 80.885730] tty_ldisc_kill+0xcb/0x190\n[ 80.885730] tty_ldisc_hangup+0x338/0x3d0\n[ 80.885730] __tty_hangup+0x504/0x740\n[ 80.885730] tty_release+0x46e/0xd80\n[ 80.885730] __fput+0x37f/0x770\n[ 80.885730] __x64_sys_close+0x7b/0xb0\n[ 80.885730] do_syscall_64+0xc4/0x1b0\n[ 80.885730] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x67/0x6f\n[ 80.893739] ------------[ cut here ]------------\n[ 80.894030] WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 140 at lib/ref_tracker.c:255 ref_tracker_free+0x47b/0x6b0\n[ 80.894297] Modules linked in:\n[ 80.894929] CPU: 2 PID: 140 Comm: ax25_conn_rel_6 Not tainted 6.9.0-rc4-g8cd26fd90c1a #11\n[ 80.895190] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.14.0-0-g155821a1990b-prebuilt.qem4\n[ 80.895514] RIP: 0010:ref_tracker_free+0x47b/0x6b0\n[ 80.895808] Code: 83 c5 18 4c 89 eb 48 c1 eb 03 8a 04 13 84 c0 0f 85 df 01 00 00 41 83 7d 00 00 75 4b 4c 89 ff 9\n[ 80.896171] RSP: 0018:ffff888009edf8c0 EFLAGS: 00000286\n[ 80.896339] RAX: 1ffff1100141ac00 RBX: 1ffff1100149463b RCX: dffffc0000000000\n[ 80.896502] RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: 0000000000000246 RDI: ffff88800a0d6518\n[ 80.896925] RBP: ffff888009edf9b0 R08: ffff88806d3288d3 R09: 1ffff1100da6511a\n[ 80.897212] R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: ffffed100da6511b R12: ffff88800a4a31d4\n[ 80.897859] R13: ffff88800a4a31d8 R14: dffffc0000000000 R15: ffff88800a0d6518\n[ 80.898279] FS: 00007fd88b7fe700(0000) GS:ffff88806d300000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\n[ 80.899436] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\n[ 80.900181] CR2: 00007fd88c001d48 CR3: 000000000993e000 CR4: 00000000000006f0\n...\n[ 80.935774] ref_tracker: sp%d@000000000bb9df3d has 1/1 users at\n[ 80.935774] ax25_bind+0x424/0x4e0\n[ 80.935774] __sys_bind+0x1d9/0x270\n[ 80.935774] __x64_sys_bind+0x75/0x80\n[ 80.935774] do_syscall_64+0xc4/0x1b0\n[ 80.935774] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x67/0x6f\n\nChange ax25_dev-\u003edev_tracker to the dev_tracker of ax25_cb\nin order to mitigate the bug."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
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{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is reached through local syscalls \u2014 socket()/bind() on AF_AX25 plus the netdev down/unregister notifier \u2014 and AX.25 sockets and devices are restricted to the initial network namespace, so no remote or adjacent packet path reaches this code.\nAC:L - Within an affected configuration the erroneous tracker release is deterministic: any socket bound to the AX.25 device makes ax25_kill_by_device() free the wrong tracker, and the subsequent ax25_dev_device_down() double-free is unconditional. The heap-recycling escalation is driven by attacker-controlled AX.25 bind/close churn on both sides, so no condition outside the attacker\u0027s influence is required.\nPR:L - An ordinary unprivileged local user can create and bind an AX.25 socket (ax25_create requires no capability for SOCK_SEQPACKET/SOCK_DGRAM and ax25_bind only checks CAP_NET_ADMIN when the non-default ax25_uid_policy is set), and that bound socket is the precondition that makes the buggy netdev_put() execute.\nUI:N - No victim action is needed for the exploit itself \u2014 the trigger is the interface going down or the KISS/6pack TNC detaching, which happens as routine operation of an AX.25 station rather than as a deliberate user action on the attacker\u0027s behalf.\nS:U - The mismanaged reference tracking, the WARN, and any resulting memory corruption all occur inside the kernel\u0027s own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The stale ax25_dev-\u003edev_tracker pointer is dereferenced after the tracker object is recycled out of the 128-entry quarantine, giving a read of freed/reused slab memory whose contents the attacker can groom, which is an arbitrary-read style disclosure primitive; the WARN/ref_tracker splats additionally dump kernel addresses and stack traces.\nI:H - After the tracker is freed, ref_tracker_free() writes tracker-\u003efree_stack_handle and performs list_move_tail() on the reused object, yielding a list-unlink write with attacker-influenced pointers \u2014 memory corruption exploitable for control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - The bug reliably produces a WARNING at lib/ref_tracker.c:255 (a panic on panic_on_warn systems) plus a second WARN for leaked trackers at netdev teardown, and the freed-object path causes kernel oopses/heap corruption; the unreleased ax25_cb trackers also leak memory for the netdev\u0027s lifetime."
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"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nax25: Fix netdev refcount issue\n\nThe dev_tracker is added to ax25_cb in ax25_bind(). When the\nax25 device is detaching, the dev_tracker of ax25_cb should be\ndeallocated in ax25_kill_by_device() instead of the dev_tracker\nof ax25_dev. The log reported by ref_tracker is shown below:\n\n[ 80.884935] ref_tracker: reference already released.\n[ 80.885150] ref_tracker: allocated in:\n[ 80.885349] ax25_dev_device_up+0x105/0x540\n[ 80.885730] ax25_device_event+0xa4/0x420\n[ 80.885730] notifier_call_chain+0xc9/0x1e0\n[ 80.885730] __dev_notify_flags+0x138/0x280\n[ 80.885730] dev_change_flags+0xd7/0x180\n[ 80.885730] dev_ifsioc+0x6a9/0xa30\n[ 80.885730] dev_ioctl+0x4d8/0xd90\n[ 80.885730] sock_do_ioctl+0x1c2/0x2d0\n[ 80.885730] sock_ioctl+0x38b/0x4f0\n[ 80.885730] __se_sys_ioctl+0xad/0xf0\n[ 80.885730] do_syscall_64+0xc4/0x1b0\n[ 80.885730] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x67/0x6f\n[ 80.885730] ref_tracker: freed in:\n[ 80.885730] ax25_device_event+0x272/0x420\n[ 80.885730] notifier_call_chain+0xc9/0x1e0\n[ 80.885730] dev_close_many+0x272/0x370\n[ 80.885730] unregister_netdevice_many_notify+0x3b5/0x1180\n[ 80.885730] unregister_netdev+0xcf/0x120\n[ 80.885730] sixpack_close+0x11f/0x1b0\n[ 80.885730] tty_ldisc_kill+0xcb/0x190\n[ 80.885730] tty_ldisc_hangup+0x338/0x3d0\n[ 80.885730] __tty_hangup+0x504/0x740\n[ 80.885730] tty_release+0x46e/0xd80\n[ 80.885730] __fput+0x37f/0x770\n[ 80.885730] __x64_sys_close+0x7b/0xb0\n[ 80.885730] do_syscall_64+0xc4/0x1b0\n[ 80.885730] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x67/0x6f\n[ 80.893739] ------------[ cut here ]------------\n[ 80.894030] WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 140 at lib/ref_tracker.c:255 ref_tracker_free+0x47b/0x6b0\n[ 80.894297] Modules linked in:\n[ 80.894929] CPU: 2 PID: 140 Comm: ax25_conn_rel_6 Not tainted 6.9.0-rc4-g8cd26fd90c1a #11\n[ 80.895190] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.14.0-0-g155821a1990b-prebuilt.qem4\n[ 80.895514] RIP: 0010:ref_tracker_free+0x47b/0x6b0\n[ 80.895808] Code: 83 c5 18 4c 89 eb 48 c1 eb 03 8a 04 13 84 c0 0f 85 df 01 00 00 41 83 7d 00 00 75 4b 4c 89 ff 9\n[ 80.896171] RSP: 0018:ffff888009edf8c0 EFLAGS: 00000286\n[ 80.896339] RAX: 1ffff1100141ac00 RBX: 1ffff1100149463b RCX: dffffc0000000000\n[ 80.896502] RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: 0000000000000246 RDI: ffff88800a0d6518\n[ 80.896925] RBP: ffff888009edf9b0 R08: ffff88806d3288d3 R09: 1ffff1100da6511a\n[ 80.897212] R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: ffffed100da6511b R12: ffff88800a4a31d4\n[ 80.897859] R13: ffff88800a4a31d8 R14: dffffc0000000000 R15: ffff88800a0d6518\n[ 80.898279] FS: 00007fd88b7fe700(0000) GS:ffff88806d300000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\n[ 80.899436] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\n[ 80.900181] CR2: 00007fd88c001d48 CR3: 000000000993e000 CR4: 00000000000006f0\n...\n[ 80.935774] ref_tracker: sp%d@000000000bb9df3d has 1/1 users at\n[ 80.935774] ax25_bind+0x424/0x4e0\n[ 80.935774] __sys_bind+0x1d9/0x270\n[ 80.935774] __x64_sys_bind+0x75/0x80\n[ 80.935774] do_syscall_64+0xc4/0x1b0\n[ 80.935774] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x67/0x6f\n\nChange ax25_dev-\u003edev_tracker to the dev_tracker of ax25_cb\nin order to mitigate the bug."
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "En el kernel de Linux, se resolvi\u00f3 la siguiente vulnerabilidad: ax25: soluciona el problema de recuento de netdev. El dev_tracker se agrega a ax25_cb en ax25_bind(). Cuando el dispositivo ax25 se est\u00e1 desconectando, el dev_tracker de ax25_cb debe desasignarse en ax25_kill_by_device() en lugar del dev_tracker de ax25_dev. El registro informado por ref_tracker se muestra a continuaci\u00f3n: [80.884935] ref_tracker: referencia ya publicada. [80.885150] ref_tracker: asignado en: [80.885349] ax25_dev_device_up+0x105/0x540 [80.885730] ax25_device_event+0xa4/0x420 [80.885730] notifier_call_chain+0xc9/0x1e0 [80. 885730] __dev_notify_flags+0x138/0x280 [ 80.885730] dev_change_flags+0xd7/0x180 [ 80.885730 ] dev_ifsioc+0x6a9/0xa30 [ 80.885730] dev_ioctl+0x4d8/0xd90 [ 80.885730] sock_do_ioctl+0x1c2/0x2d0 [ 80.885730] sock_ioctl+0x38b/0x4f0 [ 80.885730] __se_sys_ioctl+0xad/0xf0 [ 80.885730] do_syscall_64+0xc4/0x1b0 [ 80.885730] Entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe +0x67/0x6f [ 80.885730] ref_tracker: liberado en: [ 80.885730] ax25_device_event+0x272/0x420 [ 80.885730] notifier_call_chain+0xc9/0x1e0 [ 80.885730] 370 [80.885730] unregister_netdevice_many_notify+0x3b5/0x1180 [80.885730] unregister_netdev+0xcf /0x120 [ 80.885730] sixpack_close+0x11f/0x1b0 [ 80.885730] tty_ldisc_kill+0xcb/0x190 [ 80.885730] tty_ldisc_hangup+0x338/0x3d0 [ 80.885730] x740 [ 80.885730] tty_release+0x46e/0xd80 [ 80.885730] __fput+0x37f/0x770 [80.885730] __x64_sys_close+0x7b/0xb0 [ 80.885730] do_syscall_64+0xc4/0x1b0 [ 80.885730] Entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x67/0x6f [ 80.893739] ------------[ cortar aqu\u00ed ]--- ---- ----- [80.894030] ADVERTENCIA: CPU: 2 PID: 140 en lib/ref_tracker.c: 255 ref_tracker_free+0x47b/0x6b0 [80.894297] M\u00f3dulos vinculados en: [80.894929] CPU: 2 pid: 140 Comm: ax25_conn_rel 6 no Tainted 6.9.0-rc4-g8cd26fd90c1a #11 [80.895190] Nombre del hardware: PC est\u00e1ndar QEMU (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.14.0-0-g155821a1990b-prebuilt.qem4 [80.895514] RIP:ref_tracker_free +0x47b /0x6b0 [ 80.895808] C\u00f3digo: 83 c5 18 4c 89 eb 48 c1 eb 03 8a 04 13 84 c0 0f 85 df 01 00 00 41 83 7d 00 00 75 4b 4c 89 ff 9 [ 80.896171] 0018:ffff888009edf8c0 EFLAGS: 00000286 [ 80.896339] RAX: 1ffff1100141ac00 RBX: 1ffff1100149463b RCX: dffffc0000000000 [ 80.896502] RDX: 00000000000000001 RSI: 0000000000000246 RDI: ff88800a0d6518 [ 80.896925] RBP: ffff888009edf9b0 R08: ffff88806d3288d3 R09: 1ffff1100da6511a [ 80.897212] R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: 1b R12: ffff88800a4a31d4 [ 80.897859 ] R13: ffff88800a4a31d8 R14: dffffc0000000000 R15: ffff88800a0d6518 [ 80.898279] FS: 00007fd88b7fe700(0000) GS:ffff88806d300000(0000) 000000000000000 [ 80.899436] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 80.900181] CR2: 00007fd88c001d48 CR3 : 000000000993e000 CR4: 00000000000006f0 ... [ 80.935774] ref_tracker: sp%d@000000000bb9df3d tiene 1/1 usuarios en [ 80.935774] ax25_bind+0x424/0x4e0 [ 80.93577 4] __sys_bind+0x1d9/0x270 [ 80.935774] __x64_sys_bind+0x75/0x80 [ 80.935774 ] do_syscall_64+0xc4/0x1b0 [ 80.935774] Entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x67/0x6f Cambie ax25_dev-\u0026gt;dev_tracker al dev_tracker de ax25_cb para mitigar el error."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2024-36009",
"lastModified": "2026-08-04T11:18:21.710",
"metrics": {
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"scope": "UNCHANGED",
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"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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"version": "3.1"
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{
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{
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}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2024-06-13T20:06:19.404612Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
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"redhat_vex": {
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"current_release_date": "2026-08-04T18:57:27+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2024-36009",
"id": "CVE-2024-36009",
"initial_release_date": "2024-05-20T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "198",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: ax25: Fix netdev refcount issue",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2024/cve-2024-36009.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T03:30:12.796Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
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"references": [
{
"tags": [
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0d14f104027e30720582448706c7d6b43065c851"
},
{
"tags": [
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4fee8fa86a15d7790268eea458b1aec69c695530"
},
{
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c42b073d9af4a5329b25b17390c63ab3847f30e8"
},
{
"tags": [
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/467324bcfe1a31ec65d0cf4aa59421d6b7a7d52b"
},
{
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"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/05/30/2"
},
{
"tags": [
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"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/05/30/1"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2024-36009",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2024-06-13T20:06:19.404612Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
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"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-06-13T20:06:25.401Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"net/ax25/af_ax25.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "0d14f104027e30720582448706c7d6b43065c851",
"status": "affected",
"version": "feef318c855a361a1eccd880f33e88c460eb63b4",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "4fee8fa86a15d7790268eea458b1aec69c695530",
"status": "affected",
"version": "feef318c855a361a1eccd880f33e88c460eb63b4",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "c42b073d9af4a5329b25b17390c63ab3847f30e8",
"status": "affected",
"version": "feef318c855a361a1eccd880f33e88c460eb63b4",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "467324bcfe1a31ec65d0cf4aa59421d6b7a7d52b",
"status": "affected",
"version": "feef318c855a361a1eccd880f33e88c460eb63b4",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "b8c07f33aa35dacf5444e7053ed9662d1869f536",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "b1e0a6fc7f17500484c402ad1cd018c24dfc14b3",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7528d0f2210c3a1154186175516ed37aa970f2b1",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "57cc15f5fd550316e4104eaf84b90fbc640fd7a5",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "b982492ec3a115e0a136856a1b2dbe32f2d21a0e",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "4.15",
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.14.277",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "4.20",
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.19.240",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "5.5",
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.4.190",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "5.11",
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.10.112",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "5.16",
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.15.35",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"net/ax25/af_ax25.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.17"
},
{
"lessThan": "5.17",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.90",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.30",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.8.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.8.9",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.9",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.1.90",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.17",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.6.30",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.17",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.8.9",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.17",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.9",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.17",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.14.277",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.19.240",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.4.190",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.10.112",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.15.35",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nax25: Fix netdev refcount issue\n\nThe dev_tracker is added to ax25_cb in ax25_bind(). When the\nax25 device is detaching, the dev_tracker of ax25_cb should be\ndeallocated in ax25_kill_by_device() instead of the dev_tracker\nof ax25_dev. The log reported by ref_tracker is shown below:\n\n[ 80.884935] ref_tracker: reference already released.\n[ 80.885150] ref_tracker: allocated in:\n[ 80.885349] ax25_dev_device_up+0x105/0x540\n[ 80.885730] ax25_device_event+0xa4/0x420\n[ 80.885730] notifier_call_chain+0xc9/0x1e0\n[ 80.885730] __dev_notify_flags+0x138/0x280\n[ 80.885730] dev_change_flags+0xd7/0x180\n[ 80.885730] dev_ifsioc+0x6a9/0xa30\n[ 80.885730] dev_ioctl+0x4d8/0xd90\n[ 80.885730] sock_do_ioctl+0x1c2/0x2d0\n[ 80.885730] sock_ioctl+0x38b/0x4f0\n[ 80.885730] __se_sys_ioctl+0xad/0xf0\n[ 80.885730] do_syscall_64+0xc4/0x1b0\n[ 80.885730] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x67/0x6f\n[ 80.885730] ref_tracker: freed in:\n[ 80.885730] ax25_device_event+0x272/0x420\n[ 80.885730] notifier_call_chain+0xc9/0x1e0\n[ 80.885730] dev_close_many+0x272/0x370\n[ 80.885730] unregister_netdevice_many_notify+0x3b5/0x1180\n[ 80.885730] unregister_netdev+0xcf/0x120\n[ 80.885730] sixpack_close+0x11f/0x1b0\n[ 80.885730] tty_ldisc_kill+0xcb/0x190\n[ 80.885730] tty_ldisc_hangup+0x338/0x3d0\n[ 80.885730] __tty_hangup+0x504/0x740\n[ 80.885730] tty_release+0x46e/0xd80\n[ 80.885730] __fput+0x37f/0x770\n[ 80.885730] __x64_sys_close+0x7b/0xb0\n[ 80.885730] do_syscall_64+0xc4/0x1b0\n[ 80.885730] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x67/0x6f\n[ 80.893739] ------------[ cut here ]------------\n[ 80.894030] WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 140 at lib/ref_tracker.c:255 ref_tracker_free+0x47b/0x6b0\n[ 80.894297] Modules linked in:\n[ 80.894929] CPU: 2 PID: 140 Comm: ax25_conn_rel_6 Not tainted 6.9.0-rc4-g8cd26fd90c1a #11\n[ 80.895190] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.14.0-0-g155821a1990b-prebuilt.qem4\n[ 80.895514] RIP: 0010:ref_tracker_free+0x47b/0x6b0\n[ 80.895808] Code: 83 c5 18 4c 89 eb 48 c1 eb 03 8a 04 13 84 c0 0f 85 df 01 00 00 41 83 7d 00 00 75 4b 4c 89 ff 9\n[ 80.896171] RSP: 0018:ffff888009edf8c0 EFLAGS: 00000286\n[ 80.896339] RAX: 1ffff1100141ac00 RBX: 1ffff1100149463b RCX: dffffc0000000000\n[ 80.896502] RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: 0000000000000246 RDI: ffff88800a0d6518\n[ 80.896925] RBP: ffff888009edf9b0 R08: ffff88806d3288d3 R09: 1ffff1100da6511a\n[ 80.897212] R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: ffffed100da6511b R12: ffff88800a4a31d4\n[ 80.897859] R13: ffff88800a4a31d8 R14: dffffc0000000000 R15: ffff88800a0d6518\n[ 80.898279] FS: 00007fd88b7fe700(0000) GS:ffff88806d300000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\n[ 80.899436] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\n[ 80.900181] CR2: 00007fd88c001d48 CR3: 000000000993e000 CR4: 00000000000006f0\n...\n[ 80.935774] ref_tracker: sp%d@000000000bb9df3d has 1/1 users at\n[ 80.935774] ax25_bind+0x424/0x4e0\n[ 80.935774] __sys_bind+0x1d9/0x270\n[ 80.935774] __x64_sys_bind+0x75/0x80\n[ 80.935774] do_syscall_64+0xc4/0x1b0\n[ 80.935774] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x67/0x6f\n\nChange ax25_dev-\u003edev_tracker to the dev_tracker of ax25_cb\nin order to mitigate the bug."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is reached through local syscalls \u2014 socket()/bind() on AF_AX25 plus the netdev down/unregister notifier \u2014 and AX.25 sockets and devices are restricted to the initial network namespace, so no remote or adjacent packet path reaches this code.\nAC:L - Within an affected configuration the erroneous tracker release is deterministic: any socket bound to the AX.25 device makes ax25_kill_by_device() free the wrong tracker, and the subsequent ax25_dev_device_down() double-free is unconditional. The heap-recycling escalation is driven by attacker-controlled AX.25 bind/close churn on both sides, so no condition outside the attacker\u0027s influence is required.\nPR:L - An ordinary unprivileged local user can create and bind an AX.25 socket (ax25_create requires no capability for SOCK_SEQPACKET/SOCK_DGRAM and ax25_bind only checks CAP_NET_ADMIN when the non-default ax25_uid_policy is set), and that bound socket is the precondition that makes the buggy netdev_put() execute.\nUI:N - No victim action is needed for the exploit itself \u2014 the trigger is the interface going down or the KISS/6pack TNC detaching, which happens as routine operation of an AX.25 station rather than as a deliberate user action on the attacker\u0027s behalf.\nS:U - The mismanaged reference tracking, the WARN, and any resulting memory corruption all occur inside the kernel\u0027s own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The stale ax25_dev-\u003edev_tracker pointer is dereferenced after the tracker object is recycled out of the 128-entry quarantine, giving a read of freed/reused slab memory whose contents the attacker can groom, which is an arbitrary-read style disclosure primitive; the WARN/ref_tracker splats additionally dump kernel addresses and stack traces.\nI:H - After the tracker is freed, ref_tracker_free() writes tracker-\u003efree_stack_handle and performs list_move_tail() on the reused object, yielding a list-unlink write with attacker-influenced pointers \u2014 memory corruption exploitable for control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - The bug reliably produces a WARNING at lib/ref_tracker.c:255 (a panic on panic_on_warn systems) plus a second WARN for leaked trackers at netdev teardown, and the freed-object path causes kernel oopses/heap corruption; the unreleased ax25_cb trackers also leak memory for the netdev\u0027s lifetime."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:31:33.867Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0d14f104027e30720582448706c7d6b43065c851"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4fee8fa86a15d7790268eea458b1aec69c695530"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c42b073d9af4a5329b25b17390c63ab3847f30e8"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/467324bcfe1a31ec65d0cf4aa59421d6b7a7d52b"
}
],
"title": "ax25: Fix netdev refcount issue",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-36009",
"datePublished": "2024-05-20T09:48:08.238Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-05-17T13:50:33.152Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:31:33.867Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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