GCVE Workshop - 22 September 2026 (14:00-18:00), Luxembourg Before The Vulnopticon Conference - Registration

CVE-2024-27397 (GCVE-0-2024-27397)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-09 16:37 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:29
VLAI
Title
netfilter: nf_tables: use timestamp to check for set element timeout
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nf_tables: use timestamp to check for set element timeout Add a timestamp field at the beginning of the transaction, store it in the nftables per-netns area. Update set backend .insert, .deactivate and sync gc path to use the timestamp, this avoids that an element expires while control plane transaction is still unfinished. .lookup and .update, which are used from packet path, still use the current time to check if the element has expired. And .get path and dump also since this runs lockless under rcu read size lock. Then, there is async gc which also needs to check the current time since it runs asynchronously from a workqueue.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-06-17 17:39 UTC
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d , < f8dfda798650241c1692058713ca4fef8e429061 (git)
Affected: c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d , < eaf1a29ea5d7dba8e84e9e9f3b3f47d0cd540bfe (git)
Affected: c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d , < 7b17de2a71e56c10335b565cc7ad238e6d984379 (git)
Affected: c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d , < 0d40e8cb1d1f56a994cdd2e015af622fdca9ed4d (git)
Affected: c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d , < b45176b869673417ace338b87cf9cdb66e2eeb01 (git)
Affected: c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d , < 7fa2e2960fff8322ce2ded57b5f8e9cbc450b967 (git)
Affected: c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d , < 383182db8d58c4237772ba0764cded4938a235c3 (git)
Affected: c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d , < 7395dfacfff65e9938ac0889dafa1ab01e987d15 (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 4.1
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.1 (semver)
Unaffected: 4.19.320 , ≤ 4.19.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.4.282 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.224 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.165 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.97 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.84 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.7.5 , ≤ 6.7.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.8 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystem Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2024-27397",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2024-06-17T17:39:42.529200Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-06-17T17:44:15.867Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      },
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T21:54:14.579Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b45176b869673417ace338b87cf9cdb66e2eeb01"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/383182db8d58c4237772ba0764cded4938a235c3"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7395dfacfff65e9938ac0889dafa1ab01e987d15"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/01/msg00001.html"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/10/msg00003.html"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      },
      {
        "affected": [
          {
            "defaultStatus": "unknown",
            "product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystem",
            "vendor": "Siemens",
            "versions": [
              {
                "lessThan": "*",
                "status": "affected",
                "version": "0",
                "versionType": "custom"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-05-12T11:51:35.602Z",
          "orgId": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e",
          "shortName": "siemens-SADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html"
          }
        ],
        "x_adpType": "supplier"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "include/net/netfilter/nf_tables.h",
            "net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c",
            "net/netfilter/nft_set_hash.c",
            "net/netfilter/nft_set_pipapo.c",
            "net/netfilter/nft_set_rbtree.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "f8dfda798650241c1692058713ca4fef8e429061",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "eaf1a29ea5d7dba8e84e9e9f3b3f47d0cd540bfe",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "7b17de2a71e56c10335b565cc7ad238e6d984379",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "0d40e8cb1d1f56a994cdd2e015af622fdca9ed4d",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "b45176b869673417ace338b87cf9cdb66e2eeb01",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "7fa2e2960fff8322ce2ded57b5f8e9cbc450b967",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "383182db8d58c4237772ba0764cded4938a235c3",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "7395dfacfff65e9938ac0889dafa1ab01e987d15",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "include/net/netfilter/nf_tables.h",
            "net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c",
            "net/netfilter/nft_set_hash.c",
            "net/netfilter/nft_set_pipapo.c",
            "net/netfilter/nft_set_rbtree.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.1"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4.1",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "4.19.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "4.19.320",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.4.282",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.224",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.165",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.97",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.84",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.7.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.7.5",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.8",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "4.19.320",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.282",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.224",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.165",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.97",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.84",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.7.5",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.8",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: nf_tables: use timestamp to check for set element timeout\n\nAdd a timestamp field at the beginning of the transaction, store it\nin the nftables per-netns area.\n\nUpdate set backend .insert, .deactivate and sync gc path to use the\ntimestamp, this avoids that an element expires while control plane\ntransaction is still unfinished.\n\n.lookup and .update, which are used from packet path, still use the\ncurrent time to check if the element has expired. And .get path and dump\nalso since this runs lockless under rcu read size lock. Then, there is\nasync gc which also needs to check the current time since it runs\nasynchronously from a workqueue."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable code is reached only through the NETLINK_NETFILTER socket (`nfnetlink_rcv_batch` \u2192 `nf_tables_newsetelem`/`delsetelem` \u2192 set backend `.insert`/`.deactivate`/sync GC), which requires a local process on the system. Per kernel scoring guidance, netfilter/nftables netlink control-plane bugs are Local.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the timing window: `NFTA_SET_ELEM_TIMEOUT`/`NFTA_SET_ELEM_EXPIRATION` set the expiry instant at millisecond granularity, and the length of the netlink batch determines how long the transaction runs under `commit_mutex`, so the element can be made to flip to expired at a chosen point mid-transaction with no reliance on uncontrolled conditions.\nPR:L - `nfnetlink` only requires `netlink_net_capable(skb, CAP_NET_ADMIN)`, which is `ns_capable` against the user namespace owning the netns, so an unprivileged user obtains it with `unshare -Urn`. No real root in the init namespace is needed.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step from their own process \u2014 create the set, add the timed element, submit the batch \u2014 with no victim action of any kind.\nS:U - The corruption is of kernel heap objects and results in privilege escalation within the same kernel security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or hypervisor boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The double-free/use-after-free on `nft_rhash_elem`/`nft_rbtree_elem`/`nft_pipapo_elem` lets the attacker reclaim the freed slab chunk with a chosen object and read it back via `NFT_MSG_GETSETELEM` dumps and element counter/quota expressions, yielding an arbitrary kernel-memory read primitive; the `use`-counter underflow additionally exposes freed `nft_chain`/`nft_object` contents.\nI:H - The abort path writes into the freed element (`nft_setelem_data_activate()` + `ops-\u003eactivate()` incrementing refcounts through a dangling pointer) and the duplicate-key/double-free conditions give a controllable heap write primitive suitable for control-flow hijacking and root privilege escalation; the dangling-interval side effect also silently alters firewall verdicts.\nA:H - Even without successful exploitation, the double free and the `nft_use_dec` refcount underflow reliably trigger kernel oops/panic (slab corruption, `refcount_t` warnings, freeing a chain still referenced by the packet path), crashing the system."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:29:31.362Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f8dfda798650241c1692058713ca4fef8e429061"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eaf1a29ea5d7dba8e84e9e9f3b3f47d0cd540bfe"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7b17de2a71e56c10335b565cc7ad238e6d984379"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0d40e8cb1d1f56a994cdd2e015af622fdca9ed4d"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b45176b869673417ace338b87cf9cdb66e2eeb01"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7fa2e2960fff8322ce2ded57b5f8e9cbc450b967"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/383182db8d58c4237772ba0764cded4938a235c3"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7395dfacfff65e9938ac0889dafa1ab01e987d15"
        }
      ],
      "title": "netfilter: nf_tables: use timestamp to check for set element timeout",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2024-27397",
    "datePublished": "2024-05-09T16:37:22.463Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-02-25T13:47:42.677Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:29:31.362Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2024-27397",
      "date": "2026-09-15",
      "epss": "0.00264",
      "percentile": "0.18411"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2024-27397\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2024-05-14T15:12:28.240\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-08-04T11:17:43.470\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nnetfilter: nf_tables: use timestamp to check for set element timeout\\n\\nAdd a timestamp field at the beginning of the transaction, store it\\nin the nftables per-netns area.\\n\\nUpdate set backend .insert, .deactivate and sync gc path to use the\\ntimestamp, this avoids that an element expires while control plane\\ntransaction is still unfinished.\\n\\n.lookup and .update, which are used from packet path, still use the\\ncurrent time to check if the element has expired. And .get path and dump\\nalso since this runs lockless under rcu read size lock. Then, there is\\nasync gc which also needs to check the current time since it runs\\nasynchronously from a workqueue.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se resolvi\u00f3 la siguiente vulnerabilidad: netfilter: nf_tables: use la marca de tiempo para verificar el tiempo de espera del elemento establecido. Agregue un campo de marca de tiempo al comienzo de la transacci\u00f3n y gu\u00e1rdelo en el \u00e1rea nftables per-netns. Actualice el conjunto de backend .insert, .deactivate y sincronice la ruta gc para usar la marca de tiempo, esto evita que un elemento caduque mientras la transacci\u00f3n del plano de control a\u00fan no ha finalizado. .lookup y .update, que se usan desde la ruta del paquete, a\u00fan usan la hora actual para verificar si el elemento ha caducado. Y obtener ruta y volcar tambi\u00e9n, ya que se ejecuta sin bloqueo bajo el bloqueo de tama\u00f1o de lectura de rcu. Luego, est\u00e1 el gc async que tambi\u00e9n necesita verificar la hora actual, ya que se ejecuta de forma asincr\u00f3nica desde una cola de trabajo.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"include/net/netfilter/nf_tables.h\",\"net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c\",\"net/netfilter/nft_set_hash.c\",\"net/netfilter/nft_set_pipapo.c\",\"net/netfilter/nft_set_rbtree.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d\",\"lessThan\":\"f8dfda798650241c1692058713ca4fef8e429061\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d\",\"lessThan\":\"eaf1a29ea5d7dba8e84e9e9f3b3f47d0cd540bfe\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d\",\"lessThan\":\"7b17de2a71e56c10335b565cc7ad238e6d984379\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d\",\"lessThan\":\"0d40e8cb1d1f56a994cdd2e015af622fdca9ed4d\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d\",\"lessThan\":\"b45176b869673417ace338b87cf9cdb66e2eeb01\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d\",\"lessThan\":\"7fa2e2960fff8322ce2ded57b5f8e9cbc450b967\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d\",\"lessThan\":\"383182db8d58c4237772ba0764cded4938a235c3\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d\",\"lessThan\":\"7395dfacfff65e9938ac0889dafa1ab01e987d15\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"include/net/netfilter/nf_tables.h\",\"net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c\",\"net/netfilter/nft_set_hash.c\",\"net/netfilter/nft_set_pipapo.c\",\"net/netfilter/nft_set_rbtree.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"4.1\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"4.1\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"4.19.320\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"4.19.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.4.282\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.4.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.224\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.165\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.97\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.84\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.7.5\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.7.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.8\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]},{\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystem\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.0,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"HIGH\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.0,\"impactScore\":5.9}],\"ssvcV203\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"ssvcData\":{\"timestamp\":\"2024-06-17T17:39:42.529200Z\",\"id\":\"CVE-2024-27397\",\"options\":[{\"exploitation\":\"none\"},{\"automatable\":\"no\"},{\"technicalImpact\":\"partial\"}],\"role\":\"CISA Coordinator\",\"version\":\"2.0.3\"}}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-416\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"4.1\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"4.19.320\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"85CB8233-C8F9-4CE9-B044-72B6989F6312\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"4.20\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.4.282\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"A8961D98-9ACF-4188-BA88-44038B14BC28\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.5\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.10.224\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"5CCEDF13-293D-4E64-B501-4409D0365AFE\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.11\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.15.165\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"B4E2B568-3171-41DE-B519-F2B1A3600D94\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.16\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.1.97\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"748B6C4B-1F61-47F9-96CC-8899B8412D84\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.2\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.6.84\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"994E0F00-FAC4-40E4-9068-C7D4D8242EC8\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.7\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.7.5\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"01925741-2C95-47C1-A7EA-3DC2BB0012D3\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.8:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"B9F4EA73-0894-400F-A490-3A397AB7A517\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.8:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"056BD938-0A27-4569-B391-30578B309EE3\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.8:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"F02056A5-B362-4370-9FF8-6F0BD384D520\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0d40e8cb1d1f56a994cdd2e015af622fdca9ed4d\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/383182db8d58c4237772ba0764cded4938a235c3\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7395dfacfff65e9938ac0889dafa1ab01e987d15\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7b17de2a71e56c10335b565cc7ad238e6d984379\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7fa2e2960fff8322ce2ded57b5f8e9cbc450b967\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b45176b869673417ace338b87cf9cdb66e2eeb01\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eaf1a29ea5d7dba8e84e9e9f3b3f47d0cd540bfe\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f8dfda798650241c1692058713ca4fef8e429061\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/383182db8d58c4237772ba0764cded4938a235c3\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7395dfacfff65e9938ac0889dafa1ab01e987d15\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b45176b869673417ace338b87cf9cdb66e2eeb01\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/10/msg00003.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/01/msg00001.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html\",\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\"}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-18T17:06:29+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2024-27397",
      "id": "CVE-2024-27397",
      "initial_release_date": "2024-05-08T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "1093",
      "product_status:known_affected": "22",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "51",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: netfilter: nf_tables: use timestamp to check for set element timeout",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2024/cve-2024-27397.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CVE Program Container\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b45176b869673417ace338b87cf9cdb66e2eeb01\", \"tags\": [\"x_transferred\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/383182db8d58c4237772ba0764cded4938a235c3\", \"tags\": [\"x_transferred\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7395dfacfff65e9938ac0889dafa1ab01e987d15\", \"tags\": [\"x_transferred\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/01/msg00001.html\"}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/10/msg00003.html\"}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"shortName\": \"CVE\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-11-03T21:54:14.579Z\"}}, {\"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"Siemens\", \"product\": \"SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystem\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"*\", \"versionType\": \"custom\"}], \"defaultStatus\": \"unknown\"}], \"x_adpType\": \"supplier\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html\"}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\", \"shortName\": \"siemens-SADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-05-12T11:51:35.602Z\"}}, {\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2024-27397\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2024-06-17T17:39:42.529200Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2024-06-17T17:39:43.539Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"netfilter: nf_tables: use timestamp to check for set element timeout\", \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 7.8, \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\"}, \"scenarios\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"AV:L - The vulnerable code is reached only through the NETLINK_NETFILTER socket (`nfnetlink_rcv_batch` \\u2192 `nf_tables_newsetelem`/`delsetelem` \\u2192 set backend `.insert`/`.deactivate`/sync GC), which requires a local process on the system. Per kernel scoring guidance, netfilter/nftables netlink control-plane bugs are Local.\\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the timing window: `NFTA_SET_ELEM_TIMEOUT`/`NFTA_SET_ELEM_EXPIRATION` set the expiry instant at millisecond granularity, and the length of the netlink batch determines how long the transaction runs under `commit_mutex`, so the element can be made to flip to expired at a chosen point mid-transaction with no reliance on uncontrolled conditions.\\nPR:L - `nfnetlink` only requires `netlink_net_capable(skb, CAP_NET_ADMIN)`, which is `ns_capable` against the user namespace owning the netns, so an unprivileged user obtains it with `unshare -Urn`. No real root in the init namespace is needed.\\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step from their own process \\u2014 create the set, add the timed element, submit the batch \\u2014 with no victim action of any kind.\\nS:U - The corruption is of kernel heap objects and results in privilege escalation within the same kernel security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or hypervisor boundary is crossed.\\nC:H - The double-free/use-after-free on `nft_rhash_elem`/`nft_rbtree_elem`/`nft_pipapo_elem` lets the attacker reclaim the freed slab chunk with a chosen object and read it back via `NFT_MSG_GETSETELEM` dumps and element counter/quota expressions, yielding an arbitrary kernel-memory read primitive; the `use`-counter underflow additionally exposes freed `nft_chain`/`nft_object` contents.\\nI:H - The abort path writes into the freed element (`nft_setelem_data_activate()` + `ops-\u003eactivate()` incrementing refcounts through a dangling pointer) and the duplicate-key/double-free conditions give a controllable heap write primitive suitable for control-flow hijacking and root privilege escalation; the dangling-interval side effect also silently alters firewall verdicts.\\nA:H - Even without successful exploitation, the double free and the `nft_use_dec` refcount underflow reliably trigger kernel oops/panic (slab corruption, `refcount_t` warnings, freeing a chain still referenced by the packet path), crashing the system.\"}]}], \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d\", \"lessThan\": \"f8dfda798650241c1692058713ca4fef8e429061\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d\", \"lessThan\": \"eaf1a29ea5d7dba8e84e9e9f3b3f47d0cd540bfe\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d\", \"lessThan\": \"7b17de2a71e56c10335b565cc7ad238e6d984379\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d\", \"lessThan\": \"0d40e8cb1d1f56a994cdd2e015af622fdca9ed4d\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d\", \"lessThan\": \"b45176b869673417ace338b87cf9cdb66e2eeb01\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d\", \"lessThan\": \"7fa2e2960fff8322ce2ded57b5f8e9cbc450b967\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d\", \"lessThan\": \"383182db8d58c4237772ba0764cded4938a235c3\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"c3e1b005ed1cc068fc9d454a6e745830d55d251d\", \"lessThan\": \"7395dfacfff65e9938ac0889dafa1ab01e987d15\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"include/net/netfilter/nf_tables.h\", \"net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c\", \"net/netfilter/nft_set_hash.c\", \"net/netfilter/nft_set_pipapo.c\", \"net/netfilter/nft_set_rbtree.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4.1\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"4.1\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"4.19.320\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"4.19.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.4.282\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.4.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.10.224\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.10.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.15.165\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.15.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.1.97\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.1.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.6.84\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.6.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.7.5\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.7.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.8\", \"versionType\": \"original_commit_for_fix\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"include/net/netfilter/nf_tables.h\", \"net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c\", \"net/netfilter/nft_set_hash.c\", \"net/netfilter/nft_set_pipapo.c\", \"net/netfilter/nft_set_rbtree.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f8dfda798650241c1692058713ca4fef8e429061\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eaf1a29ea5d7dba8e84e9e9f3b3f47d0cd540bfe\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7b17de2a71e56c10335b565cc7ad238e6d984379\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0d40e8cb1d1f56a994cdd2e015af622fdca9ed4d\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b45176b869673417ace338b87cf9cdb66e2eeb01\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7fa2e2960fff8322ce2ded57b5f8e9cbc450b967\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/383182db8d58c4237772ba0764cded4938a235c3\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7395dfacfff65e9938ac0889dafa1ab01e987d15\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"bippy-1.2.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nnetfilter: nf_tables: use timestamp to check for set element timeout\\n\\nAdd a timestamp field at the beginning of the transaction, store it\\nin the nftables per-netns area.\\n\\nUpdate set backend .insert, .deactivate and sync gc path to use the\\ntimestamp, this avoids that an element expires while control plane\\ntransaction is still unfinished.\\n\\n.lookup and .update, which are used from packet path, still use the\\ncurrent time to check if the element has expired. And .get path and dump\\nalso since this runs lockless under rcu read size lock. Then, there is\\nasync gc which also needs to check the current time since it runs\\nasynchronously from a workqueue.\"}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"4.19.320\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.1\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.4.282\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.1\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.10.224\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.1\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.15.165\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.1\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.1.97\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.1\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.6.84\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.1\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.7.5\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.1\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.8\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"4.1\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"shortName\": \"Linux\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-05T11:29:31.362Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2024-27397\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-05T11:29:31.362Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2024-02-25T13:47:42.677Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"datePublished\": \"2024-05-09T16:37:22.463Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Linux\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.