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            "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-794697.html"
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          "url": "https://github.com/openssh/openssh-portable/commits/master"
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        {
          "url": "https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/-n5WqVC18LQ"
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        {
          "url": "https://www.bitvise.com/ssh-server-version-history"
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        {
          "url": "https://github.com/ronf/asyncssh/tags"
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        {
          "url": "https://gitlab.com/libssh/libssh-mirror/-/tags"
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        {
          "url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/sysadmin/comments/18idv52/cve202348795_why_is_this_cve_still_undisclosed/"
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        {
          "url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/blob/d1b43dc0f1361d2ad67601169e90a7fc50bb0369/lib/ssh/doc/src/notes.xml#L39-L42"
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        {
          "url": "https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-9.6"
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        {
          "url": "https://jadaptive.com/important-java-ssh-security-update-new-ssh-vulnerability-discovered-cve-2023-48795/"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.terrapin-attack.com"
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          "url": "https://github.com/mkj/dropbear/blob/17657c36cce6df7716d5ff151ec09a665382d5dd/CHANGES#L25"
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          "url": "https://github.com/ronf/asyncssh/blob/develop/docs/changes.rst"
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          "url": "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38684904"
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          "name": "[oss-security] 20231218 CVE-2023-48795: Prefix Truncation Attacks in SSH Specification (Terrapin Attack)",
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        {
          "url": "https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/libssh2"
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          "url": "https://www.crushftp.com/crush10wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update"
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          "url": "https://github.com/connectbot/sshlib/compare/2.2.21...2.2.22"
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        },
        {
          "url": "https://crates.io/crates/thrussh/versions"
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          "url": "https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/275249"
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        {
          "name": "[oss-security] 20231219 Re: CVE-2023-48795: Prefix Truncation Attacks in SSH Specification (Terrapin Attack)",
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        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-23:19.openssh.asc"
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        {
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          "name": "[oss-security] 20231220 Re: CVE-2023-48795: Prefix Truncation Attacks in SSH Specification (Terrapin Attack)",
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    "assignerShortName": "mitre",
    "cveId": "CVE-2023-48795",
    "datePublished": "2023-12-18T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateReserved": "2023-11-20T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-12T11:02:25.905Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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      "cve": "CVE-2023-48795",
      "date": "2026-06-05",
      "epss": "0.54214",
      "percentile": "0.98065"
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    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2023-48795\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"published\":\"2023-12-18T16:15:10.897\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-05-12T11:16:15.010\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"The SSH transport protocol with certain OpenSSH extensions, found in OpenSSH before 9.6 and other products, allows remote attackers to bypass integrity checks such that some packets are omitted (from the extension negotiation message), and a client and server may consequently end up with a connection for which some security features have been downgraded or disabled, aka a Terrapin attack. This occurs because the SSH Binary Packet Protocol (BPP), implemented by these extensions, mishandles the handshake phase and mishandles use of sequence numbers. For example, there is an effective attack against SSH\u0027s use of ChaCha20-Poly1305 (and CBC with Encrypt-then-MAC). The bypass occurs in chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com and (if CBC is used) the -etm@openssh.com MAC algorithms. This also affects Maverick Synergy Java SSH API before 3.1.0-SNAPSHOT, Dropbear through 2022.83, Ssh before 5.1.1 in Erlang/OTP, PuTTY before 0.80, AsyncSSH before 2.14.2, golang.org/x/crypto before 0.17.0, libssh before 0.10.6, libssh2 through 1.11.0, Thorn Tech SFTP Gateway before 3.4.6, Tera Term before 5.1, Paramiko before 3.4.0, jsch before 0.2.15, SFTPGo before 2.5.6, Netgate pfSense Plus through 23.09.1, Netgate pfSense CE through 2.7.2, HPN-SSH through 18.2.0, ProFTPD before 1.3.8b (and before 1.3.9rc2), ORYX CycloneSSH before 2.3.4, NetSarang XShell 7 before Build 0144, CrushFTP before 10.6.0, ConnectBot SSH library before 2.2.22, Apache MINA sshd through 2.11.0, sshj through 0.37.0, TinySSH through 20230101, trilead-ssh2 6401, LANCOM LCOS and LANconfig, FileZilla before 3.66.4, Nova before 11.8, PKIX-SSH before 14.4, SecureCRT before 9.4.3, Transmit5 before 5.10.4, Win32-OpenSSH before 9.5.0.0p1-Beta, WinSCP before 6.2.2, Bitvise SSH Server before 9.32, Bitvise SSH Client before 9.33, KiTTY through 0.76.1.13, the net-ssh gem 7.2.0 for Ruby, the mscdex ssh2 module before 1.15.0 for Node.js, the thrussh library before 0.35.1 for Rust, and the Russh crate before 0.40.2 for Rust.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"El protocolo de transporte SSH con ciertas extensiones OpenSSH, que se encuentra en OpenSSH anterior a 9.6 y otros productos, permite a atacantes remotos eludir las comprobaciones de integridad de modo que algunos paquetes se omiten (del mensaje de negociaci\u00f3n de extensi\u00f3n) y, en consecuencia, un cliente y un servidor pueden terminar con una conexi\u00f3n para la cual algunas caracter\u00edsticas de seguridad han sido degradadas o deshabilitadas, tambi\u00e9n conocido como un ataque Terrapin. Esto ocurre porque SSH Binary Packet Protocol (BPP), implementado por estas extensiones, maneja mal la fase de protocolo de enlace y el uso de n\u00fameros de secuencia. Por ejemplo, existe un ataque eficaz contra ChaCha20-Poly1305 (y CBC con Encrypt-then-MAC). La omisi\u00f3n se produce en chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com y (si se utiliza CBC) en los algoritmos MAC -etm@openssh.com. Esto tambi\u00e9n afecta a Maverick Synergy Java SSH API anterior a 3.1.0-SNAPSHOT, Dropbear hasta 2022.83, Ssh anterior a 5.1.1 en Erlang/OTP, PuTTY anterior a 0.80 y AsyncSSH anterior a 2.14.2; y podr\u00eda haber efectos en Bitvise SSH hasta la versi\u00f3n 9.31, libssh hasta la 0.10.5 y golang.org/x/crypto hasta el 17 de diciembre de 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\"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QI3EHAHABFQK7OABNCSF5GMYP6TONTI7/\", \"name\": \"FEDORA-2023-b87ec6cf47\", \"tags\": [\"vendor-advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KMZCVGUGJZZVDPCVDA7TEB22VUCNEXDD/\", \"name\": \"FEDORA-2023-153404713b\", \"tags\": [\"vendor-advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240105-0004/\"}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3CAYYW35MUTNO65RVAELICTNZZFMT2XS/\", \"name\": \"FEDORA-2024-3bb23c77f3\", \"tags\": [\"vendor-advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LZQVUHWVWRH73YBXUQJOD6CKHDQBU3DM/\", \"name\": \"FEDORA-2023-55800423a8\", \"tags\": [\"vendor-advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/C3AFMZ6MH2UHHOPIWT5YLSFV3D2VB3AC/\", \"name\": \"FEDORA-2024-d946b9ad25\", \"tags\": [\"vendor-advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/BL5KTLOSLH2KHRN4HCXJPK3JUVLDGEL6/\", \"name\": \"FEDORA-2024-71c2c6526c\", \"tags\": [\"vendor-advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/33XHJUB6ROFUOH2OQNENFROTVH6MHSHA/\", \"name\": \"FEDORA-2024-39a8c72ea9\", \"tags\": [\"vendor-advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2024-0002\"}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/CHHITS4PUOZAKFIUBQAQZC7JWXMOYE4B/\", \"name\": \"FEDORA-2024-ae653fb07b\", \"tags\": [\"vendor-advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/I724O3LSRCPO4WNVIXTZCT4VVRMXMMSG/\", \"name\": \"FEDORA-2024-2705241461\", \"tags\": [\"vendor-advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KEOTKBUPZXHE3F352JBYNTSNRXYLWD6P/\", \"name\": \"FEDORA-2024-fb32950d11\", \"tags\": [\"vendor-advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HYEDEXIKFKTUJIN43RG4B7T5ZS6MHUSP/\", \"name\": \"FEDORA-2024-7b08207cdb\", \"tags\": [\"vendor-advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/6Y74KVCPEPT4MVU3LHDWCNNOXOE5ZLUR/\", \"name\": \"FEDORA-2024-06ebb70bdd\", \"tags\": [\"vendor-advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/01/msg00013.html\", \"name\": \"[debian-lts-announce] 20240125 [SECURITY] [DLA 3718-1] php-phpseclib security update\", \"tags\": [\"mailing-list\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/01/msg00014.html\", \"name\": \"[debian-lts-announce] 20240125 [SECURITY] [DLA 3719-1] phpseclib security update\", \"tags\": [\"mailing-list\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/L5Y6MNNVAPIJSXJERQ6PKZVCIUXSNJK7/\", \"name\": \"FEDORA-2024-a53b24023d\", \"tags\": [\"vendor-advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3JIMLVBDWOP4FUPXPTB4PGHHIOMGFLQE/\", \"name\": \"FEDORA-2024-3fd1bc9276\", \"tags\": [\"vendor-advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214084\"}, {\"url\": \"http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Mar/21\", \"name\": \"20240313 APPLE-SA-03-07-2024-2 macOS Sonoma 14.4\", \"tags\": [\"mailing-list\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/04/msg00016.html\", \"name\": \"[debian-lts-announce] 20240425 [SECURITY] [DLA 3794-1] putty security update\", \"tags\": [\"mailing-list\"]}, {\"url\": \"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/17/8\", \"name\": \"[oss-security] 20240417 Terrapin vulnerability in Jenkins CLI client\", \"tags\": [\"mailing-list\"]}, {\"url\": \"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/03/06/3\", \"name\": \"[oss-security] 20240306 Multiple vulnerabilities in Jenkins plugins\", \"tags\": [\"mailing-list\"]}], \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"The SSH transport protocol with certain OpenSSH extensions, found in OpenSSH before 9.6 and other products, allows remote attackers to bypass integrity checks such that some packets are omitted (from the extension negotiation message), and a client and server may consequently end up with a connection for which some security features have been downgraded or disabled, aka a Terrapin attack. This occurs because the SSH Binary Packet Protocol (BPP), implemented by these extensions, mishandles the handshake phase and mishandles use of sequence numbers. For example, there is an effective attack against SSH\u0027s use of ChaCha20-Poly1305 (and CBC with Encrypt-then-MAC). The bypass occurs in chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com and (if CBC is used) the -etm@openssh.com MAC algorithms. This also affects Maverick Synergy Java SSH API before 3.1.0-SNAPSHOT, Dropbear through 2022.83, Ssh before 5.1.1 in Erlang/OTP, PuTTY before 0.80, AsyncSSH before 2.14.2, golang.org/x/crypto before 0.17.0, libssh before 0.10.6, libssh2 through 1.11.0, Thorn Tech SFTP Gateway before 3.4.6, Tera Term before 5.1, Paramiko before 3.4.0, jsch before 0.2.15, SFTPGo before 2.5.6, Netgate pfSense Plus through 23.09.1, Netgate pfSense CE through 2.7.2, HPN-SSH through 18.2.0, ProFTPD before 1.3.8b (and before 1.3.9rc2), ORYX CycloneSSH before 2.3.4, NetSarang XShell 7 before Build 0144, CrushFTP before 10.6.0, ConnectBot SSH library before 2.2.22, Apache MINA sshd through 2.11.0, sshj through 0.37.0, TinySSH through 20230101, trilead-ssh2 6401, LANCOM LCOS and LANconfig, FileZilla before 3.66.4, Nova before 11.8, PKIX-SSH before 14.4, SecureCRT before 9.4.3, Transmit5 before 5.10.4, Win32-OpenSSH before 9.5.0.0p1-Beta, WinSCP before 6.2.2, Bitvise SSH Server before 9.32, Bitvise SSH Client before 9.33, KiTTY through 0.76.1.13, the net-ssh gem 7.2.0 for Ruby, the mscdex ssh2 module before 1.15.0 for Node.js, the thrussh library before 0.35.1 for Rust, and the Russh crate before 0.40.2 for Rust.\"}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"text\", \"description\": \"n/a\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca\", \"shortName\": \"mitre\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2024-05-01T18:06:23.972Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2023-48795\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-05-12T11:02:25.905Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2023-11-20T00:00:00.000Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca\", \"datePublished\": \"2023-12-18T00:00:00.000Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"mitre\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}