CVE-2023-33010 (GCVE-0-2023-33010)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-05-24 00:00 – Updated: 2025-10-21 23:05Summary
A buffer overflow vulnerability in the ID processing function in Zyxel ATP series firmware versions 4.32 through 5.36 Patch 1, USG FLEX series firmware versions 4.50 through 5.36 Patch 1, USG FLEX 50(W) firmware versions 4.25 through 5.36 Patch 1, USG20(W)-VPN firmware versions 4.25 through 5.36 Patch 1, VPN series firmware versions 4.30 through 5.36 Patch 1, ZyWALL/USG series firmware versions 4.25 through 4.73 Patch 1, could allow an unauthenticated attacker to cause denial-of-service (DoS) conditions and even a remote code execution on an affected device.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: active
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-16 19:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zyxel.com/global/en/support/security-… | |
| https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilit… | government-resource |
Impacted products
6 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zyxel | ATP series firmware |
Affected:
4.32 through 5.36 Patch 1
|
guessed | |
| Zyxel | USG FLEX series firmware |
Affected:
4.50 through 5.36 Patch 1
|
guessed | |
| Zyxel | USG FLEX 50(W) firmware |
Affected:
4.25 through 5.36 Patch 1
|
guessed | |
| Zyxel | USG20(W)-VPN firmware |
Affected:
4.25 through 5.36 Patch 1
|
guessed | |
| Zyxel | VPN series firmware |
Affected:
4.30 through 5.36 Patch 1
|
guessed | |
| Zyxel | ZyWALL/USG series firmware |
Affected:
4.25 through 4.73 Patch 1
|
guessed |
CISA
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: e9ad94b3-c5eb-4c21-9a04-1cbff19e65b9
Exploited: Yes
Timestamps
First Seen: 2023-06-05
Asserted: 2023-06-05
Scope
Notes: KEV entry: Zyxel Multiple Firewalls Buffer Overflow Vulnerability | Affected: Zyxel / Multiple Firewalls | Description: Zyxel ATP, USG FLEX, USG FLEX 50(W), USG20(W)-VPN, VPN, and ZyWALL/USG firewalls contain a buffer overflow vulnerability in the ID processing function that could allow an unauthenticated attacker to cause denial-of-service (DoS) conditions and remote code execution on an affected device. | Required action: Apply updates per vendor instructions. | Due date: 2023-06-26 | Known ransomware campaign use (KEV): Unknown | Notes (KEV): https://www.zyxel.com/global/en/support/security-advisories/zyxel-security-advisory-for-multiple-buffer-overflow-vulnerabilities-of-firewalls; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33010
Evidence
Type: Vendor Report
Signal: Successful Exploitation
Confidence: 80%
Source: cisa-kev
Details
| Cwes | CWE-120 |
|---|---|
| Feed | CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog |
| Product | Multiple Firewalls |
| Due Date | 2023-06-26 |
| Date Added | 2023-06-05 |
| Vendorproject | Zyxel |
| Vulnerabilityname | Zyxel Multiple Firewalls Buffer Overflow Vulnerability |
| Knownransomwarecampaignuse | Unknown |
References
Created: 2026-02-02 13:24 UTC
| Updated: 2026-02-06 07:53 UTC
Previdian
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: 82326f1b-65b7-458f-aa4b-bf11ee2828ec
Exploited: Yes
Timestamps
First Seen: 2023-06-05
Asserted: 2023-06-05
Scope
Notes: KEVIntel entry: A buffer overflow vulnerability in the ID processing function in Zyxel ATP series firmware versions 4.32 through 5.36 Patch 1, USG FLEX series... | Affected: Zyxel / ATP series firmware, USG FLEX series firmware, USG FLEX 50(W) firmware, USG20(W)-VPN firmware, VPN series firmware, ZyWALL/USG series firmware | CVSS: 9.8 (CRITICAL) | Used in malware: unknown | Not yet in CISA KEV: False
Evidence
Type: Public Report
Signal: Successful Exploitation
Confidence: 70%
Source: kevintel
Details
| Feed | KEVIntel (kevintel.com) |
|---|---|
| Title | A buffer overflow vulnerability in the ID processing function in Zyxel ATP series firmware versions 4.32 through 5.36 Patch 1, USG FLEX series... |
| Vendor | Zyxel |
| Product | ATP series firmware, USG FLEX series firmware, USG FLEX 50(W) firmware, USG20(W)-VPN firmware, VPN series firmware, ZyWALL/USG series firmware |
| Added Date | 2023-06-05T00:00:00.000Z |
| Cvss Score | 9.8 |
| Epss Score | None |
| Cvss Severity | CRITICAL |
| Epss Percentile | None |
| Used In Malware | unknown |
| Ahead Of Cisa Kev | None |
| Not Yet In Cisa Kev | False |
References
Created: 2026-06-23 11:14 UTC
| Updated: 2026-06-23 11:14 UTC
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"value": "CWE-120"
}
],
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2026-03-27T11:36:11+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2023-33010",
"id": "CVE-2023-33010",
"initial_release_date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "CVE-2023-33010",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2023/cve-2023-33010.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T15:32:46.559Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://www.zyxel.com/global/en/support/security-advisories/zyxel-security-advisory-for-multiple-buffer-overflow-vulnerabilities-of-firewalls"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2023-33010",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "active"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-01-16T19:00:52.460065Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
},
{
"other": {
"content": {
"dateAdded": "2023-06-05",
"reference": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-33010"
},
"type": "kev"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-02-04T18:32:44.991Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"government-resource"
],
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-33010"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2023-06-05T00:00:00+00:00",
"value": "CVE-2023-33010 added to CISA KEV"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "ATP series firmware",
"vendor": "Zyxel",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.32 through 5.36 Patch 1"
}
]
},
{
"product": "USG FLEX series firmware",
"vendor": "Zyxel",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.50 through 5.36 Patch 1"
}
]
},
{
"product": "USG FLEX 50(W) firmware",
"vendor": "Zyxel",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.25 through 5.36 Patch 1"
}
]
},
{
"product": "USG20(W)-VPN firmware",
"vendor": "Zyxel",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.25 through 5.36 Patch 1"
}
]
},
{
"product": "VPN series firmware",
"vendor": "Zyxel",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.30 through 5.36 Patch 1"
}
]
},
{
"product": "ZyWALL/USG series firmware",
"vendor": "Zyxel",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.25 through 4.73 Patch 1"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A buffer overflow vulnerability in the ID processing function in Zyxel ATP series firmware versions 4.32 through 5.36 Patch 1, USG FLEX series firmware versions 4.50 through 5.36 Patch 1, USG FLEX 50(W) firmware versions 4.25 through 5.36 Patch 1, USG20(W)-VPN firmware versions 4.25 through 5.36 Patch 1, VPN series firmware versions 4.30 through 5.36 Patch 1, ZyWALL/USG series firmware versions 4.25 through 4.73 Patch 1, could allow an unauthenticated attacker to cause denial-of-service (DoS) conditions and even a remote code execution on an affected device."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 9.8,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-120",
"description": "CWE-120: Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input (\u0027Classic Buffer Overflow\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2023-05-24T00:00:00.000Z",
"orgId": "96e50032-ad0d-4058-a115-4d2c13821f9f",
"shortName": "Zyxel"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.zyxel.com/global/en/support/security-advisories/zyxel-security-advisory-for-multiple-buffer-overflow-vulnerabilities-of-firewalls"
}
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "96e50032-ad0d-4058-a115-4d2c13821f9f",
"assignerShortName": "Zyxel",
"cveId": "CVE-2023-33010",
"datePublished": "2023-05-24T00:00:00.000Z",
"dateReserved": "2023-05-17T00:00:00.000Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-10-21T23:05:47.497Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
}
}
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Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.