CVE-2023-30581 (GCVE-0-2023-30581)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-11-22 23:28 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:48
VLAI
Summary
The use of __proto__ in process.mainModule.__proto__.require() can bypass the policy mechanism and require modules outside of the policy.json definition. This vulnerability affects all users using the experimental policy mechanism in all active release lines: v16, v18 and, v20. Please note that at the time this CVE was issued, the policy is an experimental feature of Node.js
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
NodeJS Node Affected: 4.0 , < 4.* (semver)
Affected: 5.0 , < 5.* (semver)
Affected: 6.0 , < 6.* (semver)
Affected: 7.0 , < 7.* (semver)
Affected: 8.0 , < 8.* (semver)
Affected: 9.0 , < 9.* (semver)
Affected: 10.0 , < 10.* (semver)
Affected: 11.0 , < 11.* (semver)
Affected: 12.0 , < 12.* (semver)
Affected: 13.0 , < 13.* (semver)
Affected: 14.0 , < 14.* (semver)
Affected: 15.0 , < 15.* (semver)
Affected: 16.0 , < 16.20.1 (semver)
Affected: 17.0 , < 17.* (semver)
Affected: 18.0 , < 18.16.1 (semver)
Affected: 19.0 , < 19.* (semver)
Affected: 20.0 , < 20.3.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T21:48:01.028Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/june-2023-security-releases"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20241101-0011/"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      },
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "cvssV3_1": {
              "attackComplexity": "LOW",
              "attackVector": "NETWORK",
              "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
              "baseScore": 7.5,
              "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
              "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
              "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
              "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
              "scope": "UNCHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
              "version": "3.1"
            }
          },
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2023-30581",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-06-05T14:18:07.496118Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "problemTypes": [
          {
            "descriptions": [
              {
                "cweId": "CWE-862",
                "description": "CWE-862 Missing Authorization",
                "lang": "en",
                "type": "CWE"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-06-05T14:19:27.519Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Node",
          "vendor": "NodeJS",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "4.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "7.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "8.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "9.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "10.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "10.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "11.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "12.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "13.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "13.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "14.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "14.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "15.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "15.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "16.20.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "16.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "17.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "17.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "18.16.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "18.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "19.*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "19.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "20.3.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "20.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The use of __proto__ in process.mainModule.__proto__.require() can bypass the policy mechanism and require modules outside of the policy.json definition. This vulnerability affects all users using the experimental policy mechanism in all active release lines: v16, v18 and, v20.\n\nPlease note that at the time this CVE was issued, the policy is an experimental feature of Node.js"
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-04-30T22:24:49.919Z",
        "orgId": "36234546-b8fa-4601-9d6f-f4e334aa8ea1",
        "shortName": "hackerone"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/june-2023-security-releases"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "36234546-b8fa-4601-9d6f-f4e334aa8ea1",
    "assignerShortName": "hackerone",
    "cveId": "CVE-2023-30581",
    "datePublished": "2023-11-22T23:28:30.768Z",
    "dateReserved": "2023-04-13T01:00:12.085Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T21:48:01.028Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2023-30581",
      "date": "2026-05-30",
      "epss": "0.00018",
      "percentile": "0.05209"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2023-30581\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"support@hackerone.com\",\"published\":\"2023-11-23T00:15:07.980\",\"lastModified\":\"2025-11-03T22:16:09.510\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"The use of __proto__ in process.mainModule.__proto__.require() can bypass the policy mechanism and require modules outside of the policy.json definition. This vulnerability affects all users using the experimental policy mechanism in all active release lines: v16, v18 and, v20.\\n\\nPlease note that at the time this CVE was issued, the policy is an experimental feature of Node.js\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"El uso de __proto__ en process.mainModule.__proto__.require() puede omitir el mecanismo de pol\u00edticas y requerir m\u00f3dulos fuera de la definici\u00f3n de policy.json. Esta vulnerabilidad afecta a todos los usuarios que utilizan el mecanismo de pol\u00edtica experimental en todas las l\u00edneas de lanzamiento activas: v16, v18 y v20. Tenga en cuenta que en el momento en que se emiti\u00f3 este CVE, la pol\u00edtica era una caracter\u00edstica experimental de Node.js.\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N\",\"baseScore\":7.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"NONE\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":3.6},{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N\",\"baseScore\":7.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"NONE\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":3.6}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"NVD-CWE-noinfo\"}]},{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-862\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:nodejs:node.js:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"16.0.0\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"16.20.1\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"C5D7BC2C-D9AF-4048-9D36-55BF7CB6632B\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:nodejs:node.js:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"18.0.0\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"18.16.1\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"5C30F3E9-6CB7-4616-824E-A97BB69FB7E3\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:nodejs:node.js:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"20.0.0\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"20.3.1\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"220A3D52-0B69-438A-B042-F19694CC63F1\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/june-2023-security-releases\",\"source\":\"support@hackerone.com\",\"tags\":[\"Release Notes\"]},{\"url\":\"https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/june-2023-security-releases\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Release Notes\"]},{\"url\":\"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20241101-0011/\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}]}}",
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CVE Program Container\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/june-2023-security-releases\", \"tags\": [\"x_transferred\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20241101-0011/\"}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"shortName\": \"CVE\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-11-03T21:48:01.028Z\"}}, {\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"scope\": \"UNCHANGED\", \"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 7.5, \"attackVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N\", \"integrityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"NONE\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"NONE\"}}, {\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2023-30581\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"yes\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2025-06-05T14:18:07.496118Z\"}}}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-862\", \"description\": \"CWE-862 Missing Authorization\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-06-05T14:19:19.818Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"NodeJS\", \"product\": \"Node\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"4.0\", \"lessThan\": \"4.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"5.0\", \"lessThan\": \"5.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"6.0\", \"lessThan\": \"6.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"7.0\", \"lessThan\": \"7.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"8.0\", \"lessThan\": \"8.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"9.0\", \"lessThan\": \"9.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"10.0\", \"lessThan\": \"10.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"11.0\", \"lessThan\": \"11.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"12.0\", \"lessThan\": \"12.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"13.0\", \"lessThan\": \"13.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"14.0\", \"lessThan\": \"14.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"15.0\", \"lessThan\": \"15.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"16.0\", \"lessThan\": \"16.20.1\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"17.0\", \"lessThan\": \"17.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"18.0\", \"lessThan\": \"18.16.1\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"19.0\", \"lessThan\": \"19.*\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"20.0\", \"lessThan\": \"20.3.1\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/june-2023-security-releases\"}], \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"The use of __proto__ in process.mainModule.__proto__.require() can bypass the policy mechanism and require modules outside of the policy.json definition. This vulnerability affects all users using the experimental policy mechanism in all active release lines: v16, v18 and, v20.\\n\\nPlease note that at the time this CVE was issued, the policy is an experimental feature of Node.js\"}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"36234546-b8fa-4601-9d6f-f4e334aa8ea1\", \"shortName\": \"hackerone\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-04-30T22:24:49.919Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2023-30581\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-11-03T21:48:01.028Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2023-04-13T01:00:12.085Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"36234546-b8fa-4601-9d6f-f4e334aa8ea1\", \"datePublished\": \"2023-11-22T23:28:30.768Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"hackerone\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.