CVE-2023-2728 (GCVE-0-2023-2728)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-07-03 20:06 – Updated: 2025-02-13 16:45
VLAI
Title
Bypassing enforce mountable secrets policy imposed by the ServiceAccount admission plugin
Summary
Users may be able to launch containers that bypass the mountable secrets policy enforced by the ServiceAccount admission plugin when using ephemeral containers. The policy ensures pods running with a service account may only reference secrets specified in the service account’s secrets field. Kubernetes clusters are only affected if the ServiceAccount admission plugin and the `kubernetes.io/enforce-mountable-secrets` annotation are used together with ephemeral containers.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Kubernetes Kubernetes Affected: v1.24.14 , ≤ <= (semver)
Affected: v1.25.0 - v1.25.10
Affected: v1.26.0 - v1.26.5
Affected: v1.27.0 - v1.27.2
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2023-06-15 04:30
Credits
Rita Zhang
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T06:33:05.263Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "mailing-list",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://groups.google.com/g/kubernetes-security-announce/c/vPWYJ_L84m8"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "issue-tracking",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/118640"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/07/06/3"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230803-0004/"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      },
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2023-2728",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2024-11-25T17:02:56.391082Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-11-25T17:03:07.860Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Kubernetes",
          "vendor": "Kubernetes",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "\u003c=",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "v1.24.14",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "v1.25.0 - v1.25.10"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "v1.26.0 - v1.26.5"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "v1.27.0 - v1.27.2"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "user": "00000000-0000-4000-9000-000000000000",
          "value": "Rita Zhang"
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2023-06-15T04:30:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cdiv\u003eUsers may be able to launch containers that bypass the mountable secrets policy enforced by the ServiceAccount admission plugin when using ephemeral containers. The policy ensures pods running with a service account may only reference secrets specified in the service account\u2019s secrets field. Kubernetes clusters are only affected if the ServiceAccount admission plugin and the `kubernetes.io/enforce-mountable-secrets` annotation are used together with ephemeral containers.\u003c/div\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "Users may be able to launch containers that bypass the mountable secrets policy enforced by the ServiceAccount admission plugin when using ephemeral containers. The policy ensures pods running with a service account may only reference secrets specified in the service account\u2019s secrets field. Kubernetes clusters are only affected if the ServiceAccount admission plugin and the `kubernetes.io/enforce-mountable-secrets` annotation are used together with ephemeral containers."
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-554",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-554 Functionality Bypass"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 6.5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-20",
              "description": "CWE-20 Improper Input Validation",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2023-08-03T14:06:30.139Z",
        "orgId": "a6081bf6-c852-4425-ad4f-a67919267565",
        "shortName": "kubernetes"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "mailing-list"
          ],
          "url": "https://groups.google.com/g/kubernetes-security-announce/c/vPWYJ_L84m8"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/118640"
        },
        {
          "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/07/06/3"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230803-0004/"
        }
      ],
      "solutions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eTo mitigate this vulnerability, upgrade Kubernetes: \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/cluster-management/#upgrading-a-cluster\"\u003ehttps://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/cluster-management/#upgrading-a-cluster\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "To mitigate this vulnerability, upgrade Kubernetes:  https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/cluster-management/#upgrading-a-cluster https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/cluster-management/#upgrading-a-cluster"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "INTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "Bypassing enforce mountable secrets policy imposed by the ServiceAccount admission plugin",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 0.1.0-dev"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a6081bf6-c852-4425-ad4f-a67919267565",
    "assignerShortName": "kubernetes",
    "cveId": "CVE-2023-2728",
    "datePublished": "2023-07-03T20:06:11.796Z",
    "dateReserved": "2023-05-16T00:32:00.189Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-02-13T16:45:20.353Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2023-2728",
      "date": "2026-05-28",
      "epss": "0.04853",
      "percentile": "0.89687"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2023-2728\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"jordan@liggitt.net\",\"published\":\"2023-07-03T21:15:09.557\",\"lastModified\":\"2025-02-13T17:16:22.447\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"Users may be able to launch containers that bypass the mountable secrets policy enforced by the ServiceAccount admission plugin when using ephemeral containers. The policy ensures pods running with a service account may only reference secrets specified in the service account\u2019s secrets field. Kubernetes clusters are only affected if the ServiceAccount admission plugin and the `kubernetes.io/enforce-mountable-secrets` annotation are used together with ephemeral containers.\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"jordan@liggitt.net\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N\",\"baseScore\":6.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"HIGH\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"NONE\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.2,\"impactScore\":5.2},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N\",\"baseScore\":6.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"HIGH\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"NONE\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.2,\"impactScore\":5.2}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"jordan@liggitt.net\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-20\"}]},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"NVD-CWE-noinfo\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:kubernetes:kubernetes:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionEndIncluding\":\"1.24.14\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"44D47082-4E70-4CBE-B52B-B2A83903F17B\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:kubernetes:kubernetes:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"1.25.0\",\"versionEndIncluding\":\"1.25.10\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"9CB1E96C-4CC8-4BE3-9BC6-2AE760B8AD3F\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:kubernetes:kubernetes:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"1.26.0\",\"versionEndIncluding\":\"1.26.5\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"2EFB3393-262F-4179-B397-A08519AD6BE3\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:kubernetes:kubernetes:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"1.27.0\",\"versionEndIncluding\":\"1.27.2\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"0B26D20B-7A52-4957-8D0A-9D65572B764C\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/07/06/3\",\"source\":\"jordan@liggitt.net\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/118640\",\"source\":\"jordan@liggitt.net\",\"tags\":[\"Issue Tracking\"]},{\"url\":\"https://groups.google.com/g/kubernetes-security-announce/c/vPWYJ_L84m8\",\"source\":\"jordan@liggitt.net\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\"]},{\"url\":\"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230803-0004/\",\"source\":\"jordan@liggitt.net\"},{\"url\":\"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/07/06/3\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/118640\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Issue Tracking\"]},{\"url\":\"https://groups.google.com/g/kubernetes-security-announce/c/vPWYJ_L84m8\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\"]},{\"url\":\"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230803-0004/\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}]}}",
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CVE Program Container\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://groups.google.com/g/kubernetes-security-announce/c/vPWYJ_L84m8\", \"tags\": [\"mailing-list\", \"x_transferred\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/118640\", \"tags\": [\"issue-tracking\", \"x_transferred\"]}, {\"url\": \"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/07/06/3\", \"tags\": [\"x_transferred\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230803-0004/\", \"tags\": [\"x_transferred\"]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"shortName\": \"CVE\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2024-08-02T06:33:05.263Z\"}}, {\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2023-2728\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"total\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2024-11-25T17:02:56.391082Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2024-11-25T17:03:01.903Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"Bypassing enforce mountable secrets policy imposed by the ServiceAccount admission plugin\", \"source\": {\"discovery\": \"INTERNAL\"}, \"credits\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"reporter\", \"user\": \"00000000-0000-4000-9000-000000000000\", \"value\": \"Rita Zhang\"}], \"impacts\": [{\"capecId\": \"CAPEC-554\", \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"CAPEC-554 Functionality Bypass\"}]}], \"metrics\": [{\"format\": \"CVSS\", \"cvssV3_1\": {\"scope\": \"UNCHANGED\", \"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 6.5, \"attackVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"baseSeverity\": \"MEDIUM\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N\", \"integrityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"HIGH\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"HIGH\"}, \"scenarios\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"GENERAL\"}]}], \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"Kubernetes\", \"product\": \"Kubernetes\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"v1.24.14\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"\u003c=\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"v1.25.0 - v1.25.10\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"v1.26.0 - v1.26.5\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"v1.27.0 - v1.27.2\"}], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}], \"solutions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"To mitigate this vulnerability, upgrade Kubernetes:  https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/cluster-management/#upgrading-a-cluster https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/cluster-management/#upgrading-a-cluster\", \"supportingMedia\": [{\"type\": \"text/html\", \"value\": \"\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eTo mitigate this vulnerability, upgrade Kubernetes: \u003ca target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow\\\" href=\\\"https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/cluster-management/#upgrading-a-cluster\\\"\u003ehttps://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/cluster-management/#upgrading-a-cluster\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\", \"base64\": false}]}], \"datePublic\": \"2023-06-15T04:30:00.000Z\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://groups.google.com/g/kubernetes-security-announce/c/vPWYJ_L84m8\", \"tags\": [\"mailing-list\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/118640\", \"tags\": [\"issue-tracking\"]}, {\"url\": \"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/07/06/3\"}, {\"url\": \"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230803-0004/\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"Vulnogram 0.1.0-dev\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"Users may be able to launch containers that bypass the mountable secrets policy enforced by the ServiceAccount admission plugin when using ephemeral containers. The policy ensures pods running with a service account may only reference secrets specified in the service account\\u2019s secrets field. Kubernetes clusters are only affected if the ServiceAccount admission plugin and the `kubernetes.io/enforce-mountable-secrets` annotation are used together with ephemeral containers.\", \"supportingMedia\": [{\"type\": \"text/html\", \"value\": \"\u003cdiv\u003eUsers may be able to launch containers that bypass the mountable secrets policy enforced by the ServiceAccount admission plugin when using ephemeral containers. The policy ensures pods running with a service account may only reference secrets specified in the service account\\u2019s secrets field. Kubernetes clusters are only affected if the ServiceAccount admission plugin and the `kubernetes.io/enforce-mountable-secrets` annotation are used together with ephemeral containers.\u003c/div\u003e\", \"base64\": false}]}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-20\", \"description\": \"CWE-20 Improper Input Validation\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"a6081bf6-c852-4425-ad4f-a67919267565\", \"shortName\": \"kubernetes\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2023-08-03T14:06:30.139Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2023-2728\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-02-13T16:45:20.353Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2023-05-16T00:32:00.189Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"a6081bf6-c852-4425-ad4f-a67919267565\", \"datePublished\": \"2023-07-03T20:06:11.796Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"kubernetes\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.1"
    }
  }
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.