CVE-2023-24021 (GCVE-0-2023-24021)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-20 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-02 16:18
VLAI
Summary
Incorrect handling of '\0' bytes in file uploads in ModSecurity before 2.9.7 may allow for Web Application Firewall bypasses and buffer over-reads on the Web Application Firewall when executing rules that read the FILES_TMP_CONTENT collection.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-02 16:17 UTC
CWE
  • n/a
  • CWE-170 - Improper Null Termination
Assigner
mitre CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard E 28/100 over 2350 records in the last 180 days details
References
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T10:49:08.810Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/releases/tag/v2.9.7"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/pull/2857"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/pull/2857/commits/4324f0ac59f8225aa44bc5034df60dbeccd1d334"
          },
          {
            "name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20230126 [SECURITY] [DLA 3283-1] modsecurity-apache security update",
            "tags": [
              "mailing-list",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/01/msg00023.html"
          },
          {
            "name": "FEDORA-2023-8aa264d5c5",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/WCH6JM4I4MD4YABYFHSBDDOUFDGIFJKL/"
          },
          {
            "name": "FEDORA-2023-09f0496e60",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/52TGCZCOHYBDCVWJYNN2PS4QLOHCXWTQ/"
          },
          {
            "name": "FEDORA-2023-bc61f7a145",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/SYRTXTOQQI6SB2TLI5QXU76DURSLS4XI/"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      },
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "cvssV3_1": {
              "attackComplexity": "LOW",
              "attackVector": "NETWORK",
              "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
              "baseScore": 7.5,
              "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
              "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
              "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
              "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
              "scope": "UNCHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
              "version": "3.1"
            }
          },
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2023-24021",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-04-02T16:17:41.632356Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "problemTypes": [
          {
            "descriptions": [
              {
                "cweId": "CWE-170",
                "description": "CWE-170 Improper Null Termination",
                "lang": "en",
                "type": "CWE"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-04-02T16:18:27.850Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "n/a",
          "vendor": "n/a",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "n/a"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Incorrect handling of \u0027\\0\u0027 bytes in file uploads in ModSecurity before 2.9.7 may allow for Web Application Firewall bypasses and buffer over-reads on the Web Application Firewall when executing rules that read the FILES_TMP_CONTENT collection."
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "description": "n/a",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "text"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2023-04-22T02:06:14.171Z",
        "orgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
        "shortName": "mitre"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/releases/tag/v2.9.7"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/pull/2857"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/pull/2857/commits/4324f0ac59f8225aa44bc5034df60dbeccd1d334"
        },
        {
          "name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20230126 [SECURITY] [DLA 3283-1] modsecurity-apache security update",
          "tags": [
            "mailing-list"
          ],
          "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/01/msg00023.html"
        },
        {
          "name": "FEDORA-2023-8aa264d5c5",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/WCH6JM4I4MD4YABYFHSBDDOUFDGIFJKL/"
        },
        {
          "name": "FEDORA-2023-09f0496e60",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/52TGCZCOHYBDCVWJYNN2PS4QLOHCXWTQ/"
        },
        {
          "name": "FEDORA-2023-bc61f7a145",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/SYRTXTOQQI6SB2TLI5QXU76DURSLS4XI/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
    "assignerShortName": "mitre",
    "cveId": "CVE-2023-24021",
    "datePublished": "2023-01-20T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateReserved": "2023-01-20T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-04-02T16:18:27.850Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2023-24021",
      "date": "2026-10-15",
      "epss": "0.00906",
      "percentile": "0.59084"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "product": "n/a",
                "vendor": "n/a",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "n/a"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "cve@mitre.org"
          }
        ],
        "configurations": [
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:trustwave:modsecurity:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "489F74FB-9089-4BC4-8A60-E55D301147A3",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "2.9.7",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "07B237A9-69A3-4A9C-9DA0-4E06BD37AE73",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "Incorrect handling of \u0027\\0\u0027 bytes in file uploads in ModSecurity before 2.9.7 may allow for Web Application Firewall bypasses and buffer over-reads on the Web Application Firewall when executing rules that read the FILES_TMP_CONTENT collection."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "El manejo incorrecto de los bytes \u0027\\0\u0027 en las cargas de archivos en ModSecurity anteriores a 2.9.7 puede permitir omisiones del Firewall de aplicaciones web y sobrelecturas del b\u00fafer en el Firewall de aplicaciones web al ejecutar reglas que leen la colecci\u00f3n FILES_TMP_CONTENT."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2023-24021",
        "lastModified": "2026-06-17T05:38:29.493",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "baseScore": 7.5,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
              "impactScore": 3.6,
              "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
              "type": "Primary"
            },
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "baseScore": 7.5,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
              "impactScore": 3.6,
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ],
          "ssvcV203": [
            {
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "ssvcData": {
                "id": "CVE-2023-24021",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "technicalImpact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-04-02T16:17:41.632356Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2023-01-20T19:15:18.593",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "cve@mitre.org",
            "tags": [
              "Issue Tracking",
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/pull/2857"
          },
          {
            "source": "cve@mitre.org",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/pull/2857/commits/4324f0ac59f8225aa44bc5034df60dbeccd1d334"
          },
          {
            "source": "cve@mitre.org",
            "tags": [
              "Release Notes"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/releases/tag/v2.9.7"
          },
          {
            "source": "cve@mitre.org",
            "tags": [
              "Mailing List",
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/01/msg00023.html"
          },
          {
            "source": "cve@mitre.org",
            "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/52TGCZCOHYBDCVWJYNN2PS4QLOHCXWTQ/"
          },
          {
            "source": "cve@mitre.org",
            "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/SYRTXTOQQI6SB2TLI5QXU76DURSLS4XI/"
          },
          {
            "source": "cve@mitre.org",
            "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/WCH6JM4I4MD4YABYFHSBDDOUFDGIFJKL/"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "tags": [
              "Issue Tracking",
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/pull/2857"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/pull/2857/commits/4324f0ac59f8225aa44bc5034df60dbeccd1d334"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "tags": [
              "Release Notes"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/releases/tag/v2.9.7"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "tags": [
              "Mailing List",
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/01/msg00023.html"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/52TGCZCOHYBDCVWJYNN2PS4QLOHCXWTQ/"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/SYRTXTOQQI6SB2TLI5QXU76DURSLS4XI/"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/WCH6JM4I4MD4YABYFHSBDDOUFDGIFJKL/"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "cve@mitre.org",
        "vulnStatus": "Modified",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "NVD-CWE-Other"
              }
            ],
            "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "type": "Primary"
          },
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-170"
              }
            ],
            "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
            "type": "Secondary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-21T05:44:29+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2023-24021",
      "id": "CVE-2023-24021",
      "initial_release_date": "2023-01-20T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "6",
      "product_status:known_affected": "10",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "99",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "modsecurity: lacking the complete content in FILES_TMP_CONTENT leads to web application firewall bypass",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2023/cve-2023-24021.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": {
        "adp": [
          {
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T10:49:08.810Z",
              "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
              "shortName": "CVE"
            },
            "references": [
              {
                "tags": [
                  "x_transferred"
                ],
                "url": "https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/releases/tag/v2.9.7"
              },
              {
                "tags": [
                  "x_transferred"
                ],
                "url": "https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/pull/2857"
              },
              {
                "tags": [
                  "x_transferred"
                ],
                "url": "https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/pull/2857/commits/4324f0ac59f8225aa44bc5034df60dbeccd1d334"
              },
              {
                "name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20230126 [SECURITY] [DLA 3283-1] modsecurity-apache security update",
                "tags": [
                  "mailing-list",
                  "x_transferred"
                ],
                "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/01/msg00023.html"
              },
              {
                "name": "FEDORA-2023-8aa264d5c5",
                "tags": [
                  "vendor-advisory",
                  "x_transferred"
                ],
                "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/WCH6JM4I4MD4YABYFHSBDDOUFDGIFJKL/"
              },
              {
                "name": "FEDORA-2023-09f0496e60",
                "tags": [
                  "vendor-advisory",
                  "x_transferred"
                ],
                "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/52TGCZCOHYBDCVWJYNN2PS4QLOHCXWTQ/"
              },
              {
                "name": "FEDORA-2023-bc61f7a145",
                "tags": [
                  "vendor-advisory",
                  "x_transferred"
                ],
                "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/SYRTXTOQQI6SB2TLI5QXU76DURSLS4XI/"
              }
            ],
            "title": "CVE Program Container"
          },
          {
            "metrics": [
              {
                "cvssV3_1": {
                  "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                  "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                  "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
                  "baseScore": 7.5,
                  "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                  "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                  "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                  "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                  "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                  "userInteraction": "NONE",
                  "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
                  "version": "3.1"
                }
              },
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2023-24021",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "none"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "yes"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "partial"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2025-04-02T16:17:41.632356Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "problemTypes": [
              {
                "descriptions": [
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-170",
                    "description": "CWE-170 Improper Null Termination",
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "CWE"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2025-04-02T16:18:24.236Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "product": "n/a",
              "vendor": "n/a",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "n/a"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "Incorrect handling of \u0027\\0\u0027 bytes in file uploads in ModSecurity before 2.9.7 may allow for Web Application Firewall bypasses and buffer over-reads on the Web Application Firewall when executing rules that read the FILES_TMP_CONTENT collection."
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "description": "n/a",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "text"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2023-04-22T02:06:14.171Z",
            "orgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
            "shortName": "mitre"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "url": "https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/releases/tag/v2.9.7"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/pull/2857"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/pull/2857/commits/4324f0ac59f8225aa44bc5034df60dbeccd1d334"
            },
            {
              "name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20230126 [SECURITY] [DLA 3283-1] modsecurity-apache security update",
              "tags": [
                "mailing-list"
              ],
              "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/01/msg00023.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "FEDORA-2023-8aa264d5c5",
              "tags": [
                "vendor-advisory"
              ],
              "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/WCH6JM4I4MD4YABYFHSBDDOUFDGIFJKL/"
            },
            {
              "name": "FEDORA-2023-09f0496e60",
              "tags": [
                "vendor-advisory"
              ],
              "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/52TGCZCOHYBDCVWJYNN2PS4QLOHCXWTQ/"
            },
            {
              "name": "FEDORA-2023-bc61f7a145",
              "tags": [
                "vendor-advisory"
              ],
              "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/SYRTXTOQQI6SB2TLI5QXU76DURSLS4XI/"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
        "assignerShortName": "mitre",
        "cveId": "CVE-2023-24021",
        "datePublished": "2023-01-20T00:00:00.000Z",
        "dateReserved": "2023-01-20T00:00:00.000Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2025-04-02T16:18:27.850Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.1"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON

Loading timeline…




    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.