CVE-2022-4539 (GCVE-0-2022-4539)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-31 09:35 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:35
VLAI
Title
Web Application Firewall <= 2.1.2 - IP Address Spoofing to Protection Mechanism Bypass
Summary
The Web Application Firewall plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to IP Address Spoofing in versions up to, and including, 2.1.2. This is due to insufficient restrictions on where the IP Address information is being retrieved for request logging and login restrictions. Attackers can supply the X-Forwarded-For header with with a different IP Address that will be logged and can be used to bypass settings that may have blocked out an IP address or country from logging in.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-03 14:35 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-348 - Use of Less Trusted Source
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2429 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
cyberlord92 Web Application Firewall – website security Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.1.2 (semver)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
miniorange web_application_firewall Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.1.2 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:miniorange:web_application_firewall:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Mohammadreza Rashidi
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "affected": [
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:2.3:a:miniorange:web_application_firewall:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "unknown",
            "product": "web_application_firewall",
            "vendor": "miniorange",
            "versions": [
              {
                "lessThanOrEqual": "2.1.2",
                "status": "affected",
                "version": "0",
                "versionType": "custom"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2022-4539",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2024-09-03T14:35:31.628535Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-09-03T14:37:17.494Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Web Application Firewall \u2013 website security",
          "vendor": "cyberlord92",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "2.1.2",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Mohammadreza Rashidi"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The Web Application Firewall plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to IP Address Spoofing in versions up to, and including, 2.1.2. This is due to insufficient restrictions on where the IP Address information is being retrieved for request logging and login restrictions. Attackers can supply the X-Forwarded-For header with with a different IP Address that will be logged and can be used to bypass settings that may have blocked out an IP address or country from logging in."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 5.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-348",
              "description": "CWE-348 Use of Less Trusted Source",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T16:35:30.622Z",
        "orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
        "shortName": "Wordfence"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/0e99531c-8742-4f91-8525-65bb3cb06644?source=cve"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3055548/web-application-firewall/trunk/helper/utility.php"
        }
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2024-08-30T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Disclosed"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Web Application Firewall \u003c= 2.1.2 - IP Address Spoofing to Protection Mechanism Bypass"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
    "assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
    "cveId": "CVE-2022-4539",
    "datePublished": "2024-08-31T09:35:55.748Z",
    "dateReserved": "2022-12-16T02:14:06.131Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T16:35:30.622Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2022-4539",
      "date": "2026-11-10",
      "epss": "0.00628",
      "percentile": "0.50427"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "product": "Web Application Firewall \u2013 website security",
                "vendor": "cyberlord92",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "2.1.2",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "0",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "security@wordfence.com"
          },
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "cpes": [
                  "cpe:2.3:a:miniorange:web_application_firewall:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
                ],
                "defaultStatus": "unknown",
                "product": "web_application_firewall",
                "vendor": "miniorange",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "2.1.2",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0"
          }
        ],
        "configurations": [
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:miniorange:web_application_firewall:*:*:*:*:*:wordpress:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "673D0DED-8B1F-4967-8EEB-B8955B0FFD4C",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "2.1.3",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "The Web Application Firewall plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to IP Address Spoofing in versions up to, and including, 2.1.2. This is due to insufficient restrictions on where the IP Address information is being retrieved for request logging and login restrictions. Attackers can supply the X-Forwarded-For header with with a different IP Address that will be logged and can be used to bypass settings that may have blocked out an IP address or country from logging in."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "El complemento Web Application Firewall para WordPress es vulnerable a la suplantaci\u00f3n de direcciones IP en versiones hasta la 2.1.2 incluida. Esto se debe a restricciones insuficientes sobre d\u00f3nde se recupera la informaci\u00f3n de la direcci\u00f3n IP para el registro de solicitudes y las restricciones de inicio de sesi\u00f3n. Los atacantes pueden proporcionar el encabezado X-Forwarded-For con una direcci\u00f3n IP diferente que se registrar\u00e1 y se puede usar para eludir configuraciones que pueden haber bloqueado el inicio de sesi\u00f3n de una direcci\u00f3n IP o un pa\u00eds."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2022-4539",
        "lastModified": "2026-06-17T05:21:08.577",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "baseScore": 5.3,
                "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "integrityImpact": "LOW",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
              "impactScore": 1.4,
              "source": "security@wordfence.com",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ],
          "ssvcV203": [
            {
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "ssvcData": {
                "id": "CVE-2022-4539",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "technicalImpact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2024-09-03T14:35:31.628535Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2024-08-31T10:15:04.257",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "security@wordfence.com",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3055548/web-application-firewall/trunk/helper/utility.php"
          },
          {
            "source": "security@wordfence.com",
            "tags": [
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/0e99531c-8742-4f91-8525-65bb3cb06644?source=cve"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "security@wordfence.com",
        "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-348"
              }
            ],
            "source": "security@wordfence.com",
            "type": "Secondary"
          },
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-345"
              }
            ],
            "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "type": "Primary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2026-03-27T11:55:08+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2022-4539",
      "id": "CVE-2022-4539",
      "initial_release_date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "Web Application Firewall \u003c= 2.1.2 - IP Address Spoofing to Protection Mechanism Bypass",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2022/cve-2022-4539.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": {
        "adp": [
          {
            "affected": [
              {
                "cpes": [
                  "cpe:2.3:a:miniorange:web_application_firewall:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
                ],
                "defaultStatus": "unknown",
                "product": "web_application_firewall",
                "vendor": "miniorange",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "2.1.2",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "metrics": [
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2022-4539",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "none"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "yes"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "partial"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2024-09-03T14:35:31.628535Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2024-09-03T14:37:08.713Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "product": "Web Application Firewall \u2013 website security",
              "vendor": "cyberlord92",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "2.1.2",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "0",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "credits": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "finder",
              "value": "Mohammadreza Rashidi"
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "The Web Application Firewall plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to IP Address Spoofing in versions up to, and including, 2.1.2. This is due to insufficient restrictions on where the IP Address information is being retrieved for request logging and login restrictions. Attackers can supply the X-Forwarded-For header with with a different IP Address that will be logged and can be used to bypass settings that may have blocked out an IP address or country from logging in."
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV3_1": {
                "baseScore": 5.3,
                "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
                "version": "3.1"
              }
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-348",
                  "description": "CWE-348 Use of Less Trusted Source",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T16:35:30.622Z",
            "orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
            "shortName": "Wordfence"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/0e99531c-8742-4f91-8525-65bb3cb06644?source=cve"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3055548/web-application-firewall/trunk/helper/utility.php"
            }
          ],
          "timeline": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "time": "2024-08-30T00:00:00.000Z",
              "value": "Disclosed"
            }
          ],
          "title": "Web Application Firewall \u003c= 2.1.2 - IP Address Spoofing to Protection Mechanism Bypass"
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
        "assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
        "cveId": "CVE-2022-4539",
        "datePublished": "2024-08-31T09:35:55.748Z",
        "dateReserved": "2022-12-16T02:14:06.131Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T16:35:30.622Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON
How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

Loading timeline…




    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.