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4 vulnerabilities by cardano-scaling
CVE-2026-62162 (GCVE-0-2026-62162)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2026-10-30 18:30 – Updated: 2026-10-30 22:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Hydra: Deposit Claim omits Head state-token spending requirement
Summary
Hydra is a layer-two scalability solution for Cardano. Prior to 2.1.0, the `Claim` branch in `hydra-plutus/validators/deposit.ak` checks only that `datum.head_id` matches the attacker-controlled `redeemer.currencySymbol` and that the transaction is valid before the deposit deadline. It neither requires spending the Head state-token UTxO in the same transaction nor constrains outputs. After a deposit made through `POST /commit` is confirmed, any third party able to build a Cardano transaction can observe and consume the pending deposit UTxO before its deadline and redirect the assets to an arbitrary address. A standalone deposit spend invokes no Head validator, bypassing its safety checks; historical head-ID binding and the Aiken rewrite retained this missing invariant. The default deadline is three times depositPeriod, so the described attack applies to pending deposits before that deadline. This issue is fixed in version 2.1.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-30 21:18 UTC
CWE
- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/commit/f… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/releases… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| cardano-scaling | hydra |
Affected:
< 2.1.0
|
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CVE-2025-48886 (GCVE-0-2025-48886)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2025-06-19 14:24 – Updated: 2025-06-23 17:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
hydra-node dangerously assumes L1 event finality and does not consider failed transactions
Summary
Hydra is a layer-two scalability solution for Cardano. Prior to version 0.22.0, the process assumes L1 event finality and does not consider failed transactions. Currently, Cardano L1 is monitored for certain events which are necessary for state progression. At the moment, Hydra considers those events as finalized as soon as they are recognized by the node participants making such transactions the target of re-org attacks. The system does not currently consider the fact that failed transactions on the Cardano L1 can indeed appear in blocks because these transactions are so infrequent. This issue has been patched in version 0.22.0.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-06-23 17:35 UTC
CWE
- CWE-755 - Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/commit/2… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/commit/f… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| cardano-scaling | hydra |
Affected:
< 0.22.0
|
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CVE-2026-62162 (GCVE-0-2026-62162)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-30 18:30 – Updated: 2026-10-30 22:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Hydra: Deposit Claim omits Head state-token spending requirement
Summary
Hydra is a layer-two scalability solution for Cardano. Prior to 2.1.0, the `Claim` branch in `hydra-plutus/validators/deposit.ak` checks only that `datum.head_id` matches the attacker-controlled `redeemer.currencySymbol` and that the transaction is valid before the deposit deadline. It neither requires spending the Head state-token UTxO in the same transaction nor constrains outputs. After a deposit made through `POST /commit` is confirmed, any third party able to build a Cardano transaction can observe and consume the pending deposit UTxO before its deadline and redirect the assets to an arbitrary address. A standalone deposit spend invokes no Head validator, bypassing its safety checks; historical head-ID binding and the Aiken rewrite retained this missing invariant. The default deadline is three times depositPeriod, so the described attack applies to pending deposits before that deadline. This issue is fixed in version 2.1.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-30 21:18 UTC
CWE
- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/commit/f… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/releases… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| cardano-scaling | hydra |
Affected:
< 2.1.0
|
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CVE-2025-48886 (GCVE-0-2025-48886)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-19 14:24 – Updated: 2025-06-23 17:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
hydra-node dangerously assumes L1 event finality and does not consider failed transactions
Summary
Hydra is a layer-two scalability solution for Cardano. Prior to version 0.22.0, the process assumes L1 event finality and does not consider failed transactions. Currently, Cardano L1 is monitored for certain events which are necessary for state progression. At the moment, Hydra considers those events as finalized as soon as they are recognized by the node participants making such transactions the target of re-org attacks. The system does not currently consider the fact that failed transactions on the Cardano L1 can indeed appear in blocks because these transactions are so infrequent. This issue has been patched in version 0.22.0.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-06-23 17:35 UTC
CWE
- CWE-755 - Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/commit/2… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/commit/f… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| cardano-scaling | hydra |
Affected:
< 0.22.0
|
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"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}