Search
Find a vulnerability
Search criteria
2 vulnerabilities by cardano-scaling
CVE-2025-48886 (GCVE-0-2025-48886)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2025-06-19 14:24 – Updated: 2025-06-23 17:36
VLAI
Title
hydra-node dangerously assumes L1 event finality and does not consider failed transactions
Summary
Hydra is a layer-two scalability solution for Cardano. Prior to version 0.22.0, the process assumes L1 event finality and does not consider failed transactions. Currently, Cardano L1 is monitored for certain events which are necessary for state progression. At the moment, Hydra considers those events as finalized as soon as they are recognized by the node participants making such transactions the target of re-org attacks. The system does not currently consider the fact that failed transactions on the Cardano L1 can indeed appear in blocks because these transactions are so infrequent. This issue has been patched in version 0.22.0.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-755 - Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/commit/2… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/commit/f… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| cardano-scaling | hydra |
Affected:
< 0.22.0
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-48886",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-06-23T17:35:47.019208Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-23T17:36:02.598Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "hydra",
"vendor": "cardano-scaling",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 0.22.0"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Hydra is a layer-two scalability solution for Cardano. Prior to version 0.22.0, the process assumes L1 event finality and does not consider failed transactions. Currently, Cardano L1 is monitored for certain events which are necessary for state progression. At the moment, Hydra considers those events as finalized as soon as they are recognized by the node participants making such transactions the target of re-org attacks. The system does not currently consider the fact that failed transactions on the Cardano L1 can indeed appear in blocks because these transactions are so infrequent. This issue has been patched in version 0.22.0."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 4.8,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-755",
"description": "CWE-755: Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-19T14:24:58.304Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/security/advisories/GHSA-qr9f-mpgf-wp25",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/security/advisories/GHSA-qr9f-mpgf-wp25"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/commit/2bc6a82ef6dbfa8b94e1c11d55253713065f605e",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/commit/2bc6a82ef6dbfa8b94e1c11d55253713065f605e"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/commit/fb22d968964bf5d5b79227cc845d871147044ce7",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/commit/fb22d968964bf5d5b79227cc845d871147044ce7"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-qr9f-mpgf-wp25",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "hydra-node dangerously assumes L1 event finality and does not consider failed transactions"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-48886",
"datePublished": "2025-06-19T14:24:58.304Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-05-27T20:14:34.297Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-23T17:36:02.598Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2025-48886 (GCVE-0-2025-48886)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-19 14:24 – Updated: 2025-06-23 17:36
VLAI
Title
hydra-node dangerously assumes L1 event finality and does not consider failed transactions
Summary
Hydra is a layer-two scalability solution for Cardano. Prior to version 0.22.0, the process assumes L1 event finality and does not consider failed transactions. Currently, Cardano L1 is monitored for certain events which are necessary for state progression. At the moment, Hydra considers those events as finalized as soon as they are recognized by the node participants making such transactions the target of re-org attacks. The system does not currently consider the fact that failed transactions on the Cardano L1 can indeed appear in blocks because these transactions are so infrequent. This issue has been patched in version 0.22.0.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-755 - Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/commit/2… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/commit/f… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| cardano-scaling | hydra |
Affected:
< 0.22.0
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-48886",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-06-23T17:35:47.019208Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-23T17:36:02.598Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "hydra",
"vendor": "cardano-scaling",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 0.22.0"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Hydra is a layer-two scalability solution for Cardano. Prior to version 0.22.0, the process assumes L1 event finality and does not consider failed transactions. Currently, Cardano L1 is monitored for certain events which are necessary for state progression. At the moment, Hydra considers those events as finalized as soon as they are recognized by the node participants making such transactions the target of re-org attacks. The system does not currently consider the fact that failed transactions on the Cardano L1 can indeed appear in blocks because these transactions are so infrequent. This issue has been patched in version 0.22.0."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 4.8,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-755",
"description": "CWE-755: Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-19T14:24:58.304Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/security/advisories/GHSA-qr9f-mpgf-wp25",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/security/advisories/GHSA-qr9f-mpgf-wp25"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/commit/2bc6a82ef6dbfa8b94e1c11d55253713065f605e",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/commit/2bc6a82ef6dbfa8b94e1c11d55253713065f605e"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/commit/fb22d968964bf5d5b79227cc845d871147044ce7",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/commit/fb22d968964bf5d5b79227cc845d871147044ce7"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-qr9f-mpgf-wp25",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "hydra-node dangerously assumes L1 event finality and does not consider failed transactions"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-48886",
"datePublished": "2025-06-19T14:24:58.304Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-05-27T20:14:34.297Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-23T17:36:02.598Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}