Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-94

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.

8272 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-J638-4R9Q-M7MM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-03 09:31 – Updated: 2026-07-03 09:31
VLAI
Details

The The CURCY – Multi Currency for WooCommerce – Smoothly on WooCommerce 9.x plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary shortcode execution in all versions up to, and including, 2.2.14. This is due to the software allowing users to execute an action that does not properly validate a value before running do_shortcode. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary shortcodes.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-11778"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-03T09:16:36Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The The CURCY \u2013 Multi Currency for WooCommerce \u2013 Smoothly on WooCommerce 9.x plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary shortcode execution in all versions up to, and including, 2.2.14. This is due to the software allowing users to execute an action that does not properly validate a value before running do_shortcode. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary shortcodes.",
  "id": "GHSA-j638-4r9q-m7mm",
  "modified": "2026-07-03T09:31:28Z",
  "published": "2026-07-03T09:31:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-11778"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/woo-multi-currency/trunk/frontend/cache.php#L108"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/woo-multi-currency/trunk/frontend/cache.php#L18"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/woo-multi-currency/trunk/frontend/cache.php#L99"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/5a30e5dc-1f15-40ce-9703-1e1add1df6da?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-J64P-69WQ-HP65

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-12 03:30 – Updated: 2024-09-26 21:31
VLAI
Details

SAP NetWeaver Administrator AS Java (Administrator Log Viewer plug-in) - version 7.50, allows an attacker with high privileges to upload potentially dangerous files which leads to command injection vulnerability. This would enable the attacker to run commands which can cause high impact on confidentiality, integrity and availability of the application.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-22127"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-03-12T01:15:49Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "SAP NetWeaver Administrator AS Java (Administrator Log Viewer plug-in) - version 7.50, allows an attacker with high privileges to upload potentially dangerous files\u00a0which leads to command injection vulnerability. This would enable the attacker to run commands which can cause high impact on confidentiality, integrity and availability of the application.\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-j64p-69wq-hp65",
  "modified": "2024-09-26T21:31:10Z",
  "published": "2024-03-12T03:30:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-22127"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3433192"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.sap.com/en/my-support/knowledge-base/security-notes-news.html?anchorId=section_370125364"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-J665-RVJ7-2JV9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-05-17 21:00 – Updated: 2021-07-29 18:11
VLAI
Summary
Code Injection in mosc
Details

mosc through 1.0.0 is vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution. User input provided to properties argument is executed by the eval function, resulting in code execution.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "mosc"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "1.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-7672"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-13T19:19:45Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-06-10T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "mosc through 1.0.0 is vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution. User input provided to `properties` argument is executed by the `eval` function, resulting in code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-j665-rvj7-2jv9",
  "modified": "2021-07-29T18:11:51Z",
  "published": "2021-05-17T21:00:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-7672"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-MOSC-571492"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Code Injection in mosc"
}

GHSA-J66P-FVP2-FXHJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-15 21:02 – Updated: 2024-05-15 21:02
VLAI
Summary
Drupal core Arbitrary PHP code execution
Details

The Drupal project uses the PEAR Archive_Tar library. The PEAR Archive_Tar library has released a security update that impacts Drupal. For more information please see: CVE-2020-28948 CVE-2020-28949

Multiple vulnerabilities are possible if Drupal is configured to allow .tar, .tar.gz, .bz2, or .tlz file uploads and processes them.

To mitigate this issue, prevent untrusted users from uploading .tar, .tar.gz, .bz2, or .tlz files.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "drupal/drupal"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "7.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.75"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "drupal/drupal"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.8.12"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "drupal/drupal"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.9.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.9.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "drupal/drupal"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "9.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.0.9"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-15T21:02:35Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Drupal project uses the PEAR Archive_Tar library. The PEAR Archive_Tar library has released a security update that impacts Drupal. For more information please see:\nCVE-2020-28948\nCVE-2020-28949\n\nMultiple vulnerabilities are possible if Drupal is configured to allow .tar, .tar.gz, .bz2, or .tlz file uploads and processes them.\n\nTo mitigate this issue, prevent untrusted users from uploading .tar, .tar.gz, .bz2, or .tlz files.",
  "id": "GHSA-j66p-fvp2-fxhj",
  "modified": "2024-05-15T21:02:35Z",
  "published": "2024-05-15T21:02:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/drupal/drupal/2020-11-25.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/drupal/drupal"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.drupal.org/sa-core-2020-013"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Drupal core Arbitrary PHP code execution"
}

GHSA-J68F-8H6P-9H5Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-22 00:24 – Updated: 2023-08-16 21:41
VLAI
Summary
Struts ParameterInterceptor vulnerability allows remote command execution
Details

Regular expression in ParametersInterceptor matches top['foo'](0) as a valid expression, which OGNL treats as (top['foo'])(0) and evaluates the value of 'foo' action parameter as an OGNL expression. This lets malicious users put arbitrary OGNL statements into any String variable exposed by an action and have it evaluated as an OGNL expression and since OGNL statement is in HTTP parameter value attacker can use blacklisted characters (e.g. #) to disable method execution and execute arbitrary methods, bypassing the ParametersInterceptor and OGNL library protections.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.struts:struts2-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.3.1.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2011-3923"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-732",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-11-03T23:46:44Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-11-01T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Regular expression in ParametersInterceptor matches `top[\u0027foo\u0027](0)` as a valid expression, which OGNL treats as `(top[\u0027foo\u0027])(0)` and evaluates the value of \u0027foo\u0027 action parameter as an OGNL expression. This lets malicious users put arbitrary OGNL statements into any String variable exposed by an action and have it evaluated as an OGNL expression and since OGNL statement is in HTTP parameter value attacker can use blacklisted characters (e.g. #) to disable method execution and execute arbitrary methods, bypassing the ParametersInterceptor and OGNL library protections.",
  "id": "GHSA-j68f-8h6p-9h5q",
  "modified": "2023-08-16T21:41:30Z",
  "published": "2022-04-22T00:24:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-3923"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2011-3923"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/72585"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2011-3923"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20140725074137/http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2014/Jul/38"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://blog.o0o.nu/2012/01/cve-2011-3923-yet-another-struts2.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://struts.apache.org/development/2.x/docs/s2-009.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Struts ParameterInterceptor vulnerability allows remote command execution"
}

GHSA-J6F3-F56F-C695

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 04:04 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:49
VLAI
Details

SAP NetWeaver Internet Transaction Server (ITS), SAP Basis from 7.00 to 7.02, 7.30, 7.31, 7.40, from 7.50 to 7.52, allows an attacker with administrator credentials to inject code that can be executed by the application and thereby control the behavior of the application.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-16682"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-12-12T14:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "SAP NetWeaver Internet Transaction Server (ITS), SAP Basis from 7.00 to 7.02, 7.30, 7.31, 7.40, from 7.50 to 7.52, allows an attacker with administrator credentials to inject code that can be executed by the application and thereby control the behavior of the application.",
  "id": "GHSA-j6f3-f56f-c695",
  "modified": "2025-04-20T03:49:48Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T04:04:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-16682"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blogs.sap.com/2017/12/12/sap-security-patch-day-december-2017"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/2526781"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/102143"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-J6G9-XM4C-VP6V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:07 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:07
VLAI
Details

Eval injection vulnerability in the create method in the Bookmarks controller in Foreman before 1.2.0-RC2 allows remote authenticated users with permissions to create bookmarks to execute arbitrary code via a controller name attribute.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2013-2121"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2013-07-31T13:20:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Eval injection vulnerability in the create method in the Bookmarks controller in Foreman before 1.2.0-RC2 allows remote authenticated users with permissions to create bookmarks to execute arbitrary code via a controller name attribute.",
  "id": "GHSA-j6g9-xm4c-vp6v",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T03:07:51Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T03:07:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-2121"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHEA-2014:1175"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013:0995"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2013-2121"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=966804"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=968166"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/foreman-users/6WpO_3ugiXU"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://groups.google.com/forum/#%21topic/foreman-users/6WpO_3ugiXU"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://projects.theforeman.org/issues/2631"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0995.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/27045"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-J6M6-GQ73-6859

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-26 09:30 – Updated: 2025-04-26 09:30
VLAI
Details

The The Anps Theme plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary shortcode execution in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.1. This is due to the software allowing users to execute an action that does not properly validate a value before running do_shortcode. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary shortcodes.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-13812"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-26T09:15:17Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The The Anps Theme plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary shortcode execution in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.1. This is due to the software allowing users to execute an action that does not properly validate a value before running do_shortcode. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary shortcodes.",
  "id": "GHSA-j6m6-gq73-6859",
  "modified": "2025-04-26T09:30:23Z",
  "published": "2025-04-26T09:30:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13812"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://anpsthemes.com"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/5349096b-4897-4019-9eba-a959a42f03f0?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-J6MP-HX4G-P3GM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-29 00:32 – Updated: 2023-08-30 20:39
VLAI
Summary
Command injection in pagekit
Details

An issue in Pagekit pagekit v.1.0.18 alows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via thedownloadAction and updateAction functions in UpdateController.php

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "pagekit/pagekit"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "1.0.18"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-41005"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-08-30T20:39:09Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-08-28T22:15:10Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue in Pagekit pagekit v.1.0.18 alows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via thedownloadAction and updateAction functions in UpdateController.php",
  "id": "GHSA-j6mp-hx4g-p3gm",
  "modified": "2023-08-30T20:39:09Z",
  "published": "2023-08-29T00:32:04Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-41005"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pagekit/pagekit/issues/977"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Command injection in pagekit"
}

GHSA-J6PC-GQFR-H3QP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:34 – Updated: 2022-05-01 18:34
VLAI
Details

Incomplete blacklist vulnerability in index.php in Artmedic CMS 3.4 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a (1) UNC share pathname, or a (2) ftps, (3) ssh2.sftp, or (4) ssh2.scp URL, in the page parameter, for which PHP remote file inclusion is blocked only for http, https, and ftp URLs.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2007-5600"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2007-10-19T23:17:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Incomplete blacklist vulnerability in index.php in Artmedic CMS 3.4 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a (1) UNC share pathname, or a (2) ftps, (3) ssh2.sftp, or (4) ssh2.scp URL, in the page parameter, for which PHP remote file inclusion is blocked only for http, https, and ftp URLs.",
  "id": "GHSA-j6pc-gqfr-h3qp",
  "modified": "2022-05-01T18:34:56Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T18:34:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-5600"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/4538"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Refactoring

Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
  • Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Testing

Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation
Implementation

For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].

CAPEC-242: Code Injection

An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.

CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.