CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8272 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-J4RQ-G26H-6326
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:57 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:57admin/confnetworking.html in PineApp Mail-SeCure allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in the pinghost parameter during a ping operation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-6829"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-11-20T14:12:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "admin/confnetworking.html in PineApp Mail-SeCure allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in the pinghost parameter during a ping operation.",
"id": "GHSA-j4rq-g26h-6326",
"modified": "2022-05-17T04:57:50Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:57:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-6829"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/fulldisclosure/2013-11/0133.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-J525-V5J5-4PQ2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:06 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:06Remote Code Execution was found in Horde_Image 2.x before 2.5.0 via a crafted GET request. Exploitation requires authentication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-9774"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-06-21T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Remote Code Execution was found in Horde_Image 2.x before 2.5.0 via a crafted GET request. Exploitation requires authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-j525-v5j5-4pq2",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:06:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:06:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-9774"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.horde.org/archives/announce/2017/001234.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4276"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J536-GFC6-FG37
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-22 21:30 – Updated: 2024-10-03 18:30A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to run arbitrary commands on the underlying host if certain preconditions outside of the attacker's control are met. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system leading to complete system compromise.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-37424"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-22T19:16:36Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web-based management interface\u00a0of EdgeConnect SD-WAN Orchestrator could allow an\u00a0unauthenticated remote attacker to run arbitrary commands on\u00a0the underlying host if certain preconditions outside of the\u00a0attacker\u0027s control are met. Successful exploitation of this\u00a0vulnerability could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary\u00a0commands on the underlying operating system leading to\u00a0complete system compromise.",
"id": "GHSA-j536-gfc6-fg37",
"modified": "2024-10-03T18:30:34Z",
"published": "2023-08-22T21:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-37424"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2023-012.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J55P-7XV4-FXPF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 07:41 – Updated: 2022-05-01 07:41PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in statistic.php in cwmCounter 5.1.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the path parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2006-6738"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2006-12-26T23:28:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in statistic.php in cwmCounter 5.1.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the path parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-j55p-7xv4-fxpf",
"modified": "2022-05-01T07:41:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T07:41:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-6738"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/2960"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/23442"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/21671"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2006/5083"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-J584-J2VJ-3F93
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-20 16:19 – Updated: 2025-02-05 21:20Impact
When an admin disables a user account, the user's profile is executed with the admin's rights. This allows a user to place malicious code in the user profile before getting an admin to disable the user account.
To reproduce, as a user without script nor programming rights, edit the about section of your user profile and add {{groovy}}services.logging.getLogger("attacker").error("Hello from Groovy!"){{/groovy}}.
As an admin, go to the user profile and click the "Disable this account" button.
Then, reload the page. If the logs show attacker - Hello from Groovy! then the instance is vulnerable.
Patches
This has been patched in XWiki 14.10.21, 15.5.5, 15.10.6 and 16.0.0.
Workarounds
We're not aware of any workaround except upgrading.
References
- https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21611
- https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/f89c8f47fad6e5cc7e68c69a7e0acde07f5eed5a
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 13.5"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-oldcore"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "13.4.7"
},
{
"fixed": "14.10.21"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-oldcore"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "13.10.3"
},
{
"fixed": "14.10.21"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-oldcore"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "15.0-rc-1"
},
{
"fixed": "15.5.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-oldcore"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "15.6-rc-1"
},
{
"fixed": "15.10.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-oldcore"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "16.0.0-rc-1"
},
{
"fixed": "16.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-37899"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-266",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-06-20T16:19:14Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-20T23:15:52Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Impact\nWhen an admin disables a user account, the user\u0027s profile is executed with the admin\u0027s rights. This allows a user to place malicious code in the user profile before getting an admin to disable the user account.\n\nTo reproduce, as a user without script nor programming rights, edit the about section of your user profile and add `{{groovy}}services.logging.getLogger(\"attacker\").error(\"Hello from Groovy!\"){{/groovy}}`.\nAs an admin, go to the user profile and click the \"Disable this account\" button.\nThen, reload the page. If the logs show `attacker - Hello from Groovy!` then the instance is vulnerable.\n\n### Patches\nThis has been patched in XWiki 14.10.21, 15.5.5, 15.10.6 and 16.0.0.\n\n### Workarounds\nWe\u0027re not aware of any workaround except upgrading.\n\n### References\n* https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21611\n* https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/f89c8f47fad6e5cc7e68c69a7e0acde07f5eed5a",
"id": "GHSA-j584-j2vj-3f93",
"modified": "2025-02-05T21:20:52Z",
"published": "2024-06-20T16:19:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/advisories/GHSA-j584-j2vj-3f93"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-37899"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/046c36519a2df392c922c16d0d38472b98c414d0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/233b08b26580df4b7a595882dac65ed4e4a2419c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/2b55c29562ccd20f8f0f85075f0c95b4ee9cd9be"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/f8409419c5d0ddefe1bee55e73629a54275fa735"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/f89c8f47fad6e5cc7e68c69a7e0acde07f5eed5a"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21611"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "XWiki Platform allows remote code execution from user account"
}
GHSA-J5C8-2583-MCMC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:44 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:44admin/modif_config.php in Blog Pixel Motion (aka PixelMotion) does not require admin authentication, which allows remote authenticated users to upload arbitrary PHP scripts in a ZIP archive, which is written to templateZip/ and then automatically extracted under templates/ for execution via a direct request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-1866"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-04-17T19:05:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "admin/modif_config.php in Blog Pixel Motion (aka PixelMotion) does not require admin authentication, which allows remote authenticated users to upload arbitrary PHP scripts in a ZIP archive, which is written to templateZip/ and then automatically extracted under templates/ for execution via a direct request.",
"id": "GHSA-j5c8-2583-mcmc",
"modified": "2022-05-01T23:44:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:44:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-1866"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/41670"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/5381"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/28646"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/1121/references"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-J5MG-7PPH-VC9M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-14 18:30 – Updated: 2024-05-14 18:30The Breakdance plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution in all versions up to, and including, 1.7.1 via post meta data. This is due to the plugin storing custom data in metadata without an underscore prefix. This makes it possible for lower privileged users, such as contributors, to edit this data via UI. As a result they can escalate their privileges or execute arbitrary code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-4605"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-14T15:44:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Breakdance plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution in all versions up to, and including, 1.7.1 via post meta data. This is due to the plugin storing custom data in metadata without an underscore prefix. This makes it possible for lower privileged users, such as contributors, to edit this data via UI. As a result they can escalate their privileges or execute arbitrary code.",
"id": "GHSA-j5mg-7pph-vc9m",
"modified": "2024-05-14T18:30:55Z",
"published": "2024-05-14T18:30:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4605"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://breakdance.com/breakdance-1-7-2-now-available-security-update"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/095b23b7-71ab-41eb-b666-73df2e1a7eb4?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J5QR-FR9W-5PJ5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 06:37 – Updated: 2022-05-01 06:37The proxy server feature in go-pear.php in PHP PEAR 0.2.2, as used in Apache2Triad, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code by redirecting go-pear.php to a malicious proxy server that provides a modified version of Tar.php with a malicious extractModify function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2006-0144"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2006-01-09T23:03:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The proxy server feature in go-pear.php in PHP PEAR 0.2.2, as used in Apache2Triad, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code by redirecting go-pear.php to a malicious proxy server that provides a modified version of Tar.php with a malicious extractModify function.",
"id": "GHSA-j5qr-fr9w-5pj5",
"modified": "2022-05-01T06:37:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T06:37:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-0144"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/24076"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://apache2triad.net/forums/viewtopic.php?p=14670"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/18390"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/421469/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/16174"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2006/0148"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-J5WM-92C4-P546
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-18 00:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:45eSST Monitoring v2.147.1 was discovered to contain a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability via the Gii code generator component.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-41630"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-17T22:15:17Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "eSST Monitoring v2.147.1 was discovered to contain a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability via the Gii code generator component.",
"id": "GHSA-j5wm-92c4-p546",
"modified": "2024-04-04T08:45:02Z",
"published": "2023-10-18T00:31:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-41630"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/post-cyberlabs/CVE-Advisory/blob/main/CVE-2023-41630-eSST-Preauth-RCE.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J629-VW9X-R3C2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 06:57 – Updated: 2022-05-01 06:57** DISPUTED ** PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in session.inc.php in ISPConfig 2.2.2 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the go_info[server][classes_root] parameter. NOTE: the vendor has disputed this vulnerability, saying that session.inc.php is not under the web root in version 2.2, and register_globals is not enabled.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2006-2315"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2006-05-12T00:02:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "** DISPUTED ** PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in session.inc.php in ISPConfig 2.2.2 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the go_info[server][classes_root] parameter. NOTE: the vendor has disputed this vulnerability, saying that session.inc.php is not under the web root in version 2.2, and register_globals is not enabled.",
"id": "GHSA-j629-vw9x-r3c2",
"modified": "2022-05-01T06:57:50Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T06:57:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-2315"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/26299"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/1762"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.grok.org.uk/pipermail/full-disclosure/2006-May/045855.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/19994"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.howtoforge.com/forums/showthread.php?t=4123"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.osvdb.org/25355"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/437456/100/200/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/17909"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2006/1727"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.xorcrew.net/xpa/XPA-ISPConfig.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.