CWE-829
Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
The product imports, requires, or includes executable functionality (such as a library) from a source that is outside of the intended control sphere.
CVE-2025-54135 (GCVE-0-2025-54135)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-05 00:11 – Updated: 2025-08-05 13:58
VLAI
Title
Cursor Agent is vulnerable to prompt injection via MCP Special Files
Summary
Cursor is a code editor built for programming with AI. Cursor allows writing in-workspace files with no user approval in versions below 1.3.9, If the file is a dotfile, editing it requires approval but creating a new one doesn't. Hence, if sensitive MCP files, such as the .cursor/mcp.json file don't already exist in the workspace, an attacker can chain a indirect prompt injection vulnerability to hijack the context to write to the settings file and trigger RCE on the victim without user approval. This is fixed in version 1.3.9.
Severity
8.6 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/cursor/cursor/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-54135",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-08-05T13:58:32.369007Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-05T13:58:39.517Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "cursor",
"vendor": "cursor",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 1.3.9"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Cursor is a code editor built for programming with AI. Cursor allows writing in-workspace files with no user approval in versions below 1.3.9, If the file is a dotfile, editing it requires approval but creating a new one doesn\u0027t. Hence, if sensitive MCP files, such as the .cursor/mcp.json file don\u0027t already exist in the workspace, an attacker can chain a indirect prompt injection vulnerability to hijack the context to write to the settings file and trigger RCE on the victim without user approval. This is fixed in version 1.3.9."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 8.6,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-78",
"description": "CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (\u0027OS Command Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-829",
"description": "CWE-829: Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-05T00:11:07.363Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/cursor/cursor/security/advisories/GHSA-4cxx-hrm3-49rm",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/cursor/cursor/security/advisories/GHSA-4cxx-hrm3-49rm"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-4cxx-hrm3-49rm",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Cursor Agent is vulnerable to prompt injection via MCP Special Files"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-54135",
"datePublished": "2025-08-05T00:11:07.363Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-07-16T23:53:40.510Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-05T13:58:39.517Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2025-54558 (GCVE-0-2025-54558)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-25 00:00 – Updated: 2025-07-25 13:23
VLAI
Summary
OpenAI Codex CLI before 0.9.0 auto-approves ripgrep (aka rg) execution even with the --pre or --hostname-bin or --search-zip or -z flag.
Severity
4.1 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
References
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-54558",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-07-25T13:23:22.534964Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-07-25T13:23:27.135Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Codex CLI",
"vendor": "OpenAI",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "0.9.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "OpenAI Codex CLI before 0.9.0 auto-approves ripgrep (aka rg) execution even with the --pre or --hostname-bin or --search-zip or -z flag."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 4.1,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-829",
"description": "CWE-829 Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-07-25T01:24:52.040Z",
"orgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
"shortName": "mitre"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://github.com/openai/codex/pull/1644"
},
{
"url": "https://github.com/openai/codex/compare/rust-v0.8.0...rust-v0.9.0"
},
{
"url": "https://github.com/openai/codex/commit/6cf4b96f9dbbef8a94acc1ff703eb118481514d8"
}
],
"x_generator": {
"engine": "enrichogram 0.0.1"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
"assignerShortName": "mitre",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-54558",
"datePublished": "2025-07-25T00:00:00.000Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-07-25T00:00:00.000Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-07-25T13:23:27.135Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2025-55273 (GCVE-0-2025-55273)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-26 12:52 – Updated: 2026-03-26 15:01
VLAI
Title
HCL Aftermarket DPC is affected by Cross Domain Script Include vulnerability
Summary
HCL Aftermarket DPC is affected by Cross Domain Script Include vulnerability where an attacker using external scripts can tamper with the DOM, altering the content or behavior of the application. Malicious scripts can steal cookies or session tokens, leading to session hijacking.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HCL | Aftermarket DPC |
Affected:
version 1.0.0
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-55273",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-03-26T13:42:31.913141Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-03-26T15:01:54.300Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Aftermarket DPC",
"vendor": "HCL",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "version 1.0.0"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "HCL Aftermarket DPC is affected by Cross Domain Script Include vulnerability where an attacker using external scripts can tamper with the DOM, altering the content or behavior of the application. Malicious scripts can steal cookies or session tokens, leading to session hijacking."
}
],
"value": "HCL Aftermarket DPC is affected by Cross Domain Script Include vulnerability where an attacker using external scripts can tamper with the DOM, altering the content or behavior of the application. Malicious scripts can steal cookies or session tokens, leading to session hijacking."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 4.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-829",
"description": "CWE-829: Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-03-26T12:52:59.260Z",
"orgId": "1e47fe04-f25f-42fa-b674-36de2c5e3cfc",
"shortName": "HCL"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://support.hcl-software.com/csm?id=kb_article\u0026sysparm_article=KB0129793"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "HCL Aftermarket DPC is affected by Cross Domain Script Include vulnerability",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1e47fe04-f25f-42fa-b674-36de2c5e3cfc",
"assignerShortName": "HCL",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-55273",
"datePublished": "2026-03-26T12:52:59.260Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-08-12T07:00:17.741Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-03-26T15:01:54.300Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-55305 (GCVE-0-2025-55305)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-04 23:05 – Updated: 2025-09-05 15:44
VLAI
Title
Electron is vulnerable to Code Injection via resource modification
Summary
Electron is a framework for writing cross-platform desktop applications using JavaScript, HTML and CSS. In versions below 35.7.5, 36.0.0-alpha.1 through 36.8.0, 37.0.0-alpha.1 through 37.3.1 and 38.0.0-alpha.1 through 38.0.0-beta.6, ASAR Integrity Bypass via resource modification. This only impacts apps that have the embeddedAsarIntegrityValidation and onlyLoadAppFromAsar fuses enabled. Apps without these fuses enabled are not impacted. This issue is fixed in versions 35.7.5, 36.8.1, 37.3.1 and 38.0.0-beta.6.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CWE
Assigner
References
9 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/electron/electron/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/48101 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/48102 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/48103 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/48104 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/electron/electron/commit/23a02… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/electron/electron/commit/2e5a0… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/electron/electron/commit/3f925… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/electron/electron/commit/fdf29… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-55305",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-09-05T15:44:19.972893Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-05T15:44:54.628Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "electron",
"vendor": "electron",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 35.7.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 36.0.0-alpha.1, \u003c 36.8.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 37.0.0-alpha.1, \u003c 37.3.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 38.0.0-alpha.1, \u003c 38.0.0-beta.6"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Electron is a framework for writing cross-platform desktop applications using JavaScript, HTML and CSS. In versions below 35.7.5, 36.0.0-alpha.1 through 36.8.0, 37.0.0-alpha.1 through 37.3.1 and 38.0.0-alpha.1 through 38.0.0-beta.6, ASAR Integrity Bypass via resource modification. This only impacts apps that have the embeddedAsarIntegrityValidation and onlyLoadAppFromAsar fuses enabled. Apps without these fuses enabled are not impacted. This issue is fixed in versions 35.7.5, 36.8.1, 37.3.1 and 38.0.0-beta.6."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "LOW",
"baseScore": 6.1,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-94",
"description": "CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-829",
"description": "CWE-829: Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-04T23:05:07.274Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/electron/electron/security/advisories/GHSA-vmqv-hx8q-j7mg",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/electron/electron/security/advisories/GHSA-vmqv-hx8q-j7mg"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/48101",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/48101"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/48102",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/48102"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/48103",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/48103"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/48104",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/48104"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/electron/electron/commit/23a02934510fcf951428e14573d9b2d2a3c4f28b",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/electron/electron/commit/23a02934510fcf951428e14573d9b2d2a3c4f28b"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/electron/electron/commit/2e5a0b7220ebf955c6785cc5adb2e2b1cf77dac1",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/electron/electron/commit/2e5a0b7220ebf955c6785cc5adb2e2b1cf77dac1"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/electron/electron/commit/3f92511cdecc39f46b0e86cce40a0c691e301c9d",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/electron/electron/commit/3f92511cdecc39f46b0e86cce40a0c691e301c9d"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/electron/electron/commit/fdf29ce83870109d403f5c23ae529dbd0e8f4fee",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/electron/electron/commit/fdf29ce83870109d403f5c23ae529dbd0e8f4fee"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-vmqv-hx8q-j7mg",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Electron is vulnerable to Code Injection via resource modification"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-55305",
"datePublished": "2025-09-04T23:05:07.274Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-08-12T16:15:30.239Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-05T15:44:54.628Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2025-59535 (GCVE-0-2025-59535)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-22 20:59 – Updated: 2025-09-23 20:12
VLAI
Title
DotNetNuke.Core allows loading of unused themes on anonymous clients through query parameters
Summary
DNN (formerly DotNetNuke) is an open-source web content management platform (CMS) in the Microsoft ecosystem. Prior to version 10.1.0, arbitrary themes can be loaded through query parameters. If an installed theme had a vulnerability, even if it was not used on any page, this could be loaded on unsuspecting clients without knowledge of the site owner. This issue has been patched in version 10.1.0.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/dnnsoftware/Dnn.Platform/secur… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/dnnsoftware/Dnn.Platform/commi… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/dnnsoftware/Dnn.Platform/blob/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| dnnsoftware | Dnn.Platform |
Affected:
< 10.1.0
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-59535",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-09-23T20:08:12.218664Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-23T20:12:28.277Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "Dnn.Platform",
"vendor": "dnnsoftware",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 10.1.0"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "DNN (formerly DotNetNuke) is an open-source web content management platform (CMS) in the Microsoft ecosystem. Prior to version 10.1.0, arbitrary themes can be loaded through query parameters. If an installed theme had a vulnerability, even if it was not used on any page, this could be loaded on unsuspecting clients without knowledge of the site owner. This issue has been patched in version 10.1.0."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "LOW",
"baseScore": 6.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-20",
"description": "CWE-20: Improper Input Validation",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-200",
"description": "CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-829",
"description": "CWE-829: Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-22T20:59:03.801Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/dnnsoftware/Dnn.Platform/security/advisories/GHSA-wq2j-w9pm-7x2p",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/dnnsoftware/Dnn.Platform/security/advisories/GHSA-wq2j-w9pm-7x2p"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/dnnsoftware/Dnn.Platform/commit/72f30f69fd2214d77f6c2577dfcca495a24caf5c",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/dnnsoftware/Dnn.Platform/commit/72f30f69fd2214d77f6c2577dfcca495a24caf5c"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/dnnsoftware/Dnn.Platform/blob/develop/DNN%20Platform/Library/UI/Skins/Skin.cs#L305",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/dnnsoftware/Dnn.Platform/blob/develop/DNN%20Platform/Library/UI/Skins/Skin.cs#L305"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-wq2j-w9pm-7x2p",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "DotNetNuke.Core allows loading of unused themes on anonymous clients through query parameters"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-59535",
"datePublished": "2025-09-22T20:59:03.801Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-09-17T17:04:20.373Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-23T20:12:28.277Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2025-59828 (GCVE-0-2025-59828)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-24 19:30 – Updated: 2025-09-24 19:49
VLAI
Title
Claude Code Vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution via Plugin Autoloading with Specific Yarn Versions
Summary
Claude Code is an agentic coding tool. Prior to Claude Code version 1.0.39, when using Claude Code with Yarn versions 2.0+, Yarn plugins are auto-executed when running yarn --version. This could lead to a bypass of the directory trust dialog in Claude Code, as plugins would be executed prior to the user accepting the risks of working in an untrusted directory. Users running Yarn Classic were unaffected by this issue. This issue has been fixed in version 1.0.39. Users on standard Claude Code auto-update will have received this fix automatically. Users performing manual updates are advised to update to the latest version.
Severity
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code/securit… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| anthropics | claude-code |
Affected:
< 1.0.39
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-59828",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-09-24T19:48:56.366741Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-24T19:49:14.654Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "claude-code",
"vendor": "anthropics",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 1.0.39"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Claude Code is an agentic coding tool. Prior to Claude Code version 1.0.39, when using Claude Code with Yarn versions 2.0+, Yarn plugins are auto-executed when running yarn --version. This could lead to a bypass of the directory trust dialog in Claude Code, as plugins would be executed prior to the user accepting the risks of working in an untrusted directory. Users running Yarn Classic were unaffected by this issue. This issue has been fixed in version 1.0.39. Users on standard Claude Code auto-update will have received this fix automatically. Users performing manual updates are advised to update to the latest version."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 7.7,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-829",
"description": "CWE-829: Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-862",
"description": "CWE-862: Missing Authorization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-24T19:30:09.297Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code/security/advisories/GHSA-2jjv-qf24-vfm4",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code/security/advisories/GHSA-2jjv-qf24-vfm4"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-2jjv-qf24-vfm4",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Claude Code Vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution via Plugin Autoloading with Specific Yarn Versions"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-59828",
"datePublished": "2025-09-24T19:30:09.297Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-09-22T14:34:03.470Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-24T19:49:14.654Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2025-61592 (GCVE-0-2025-61592)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-03 17:23 – Updated: 2025-10-03 18:29
VLAI
Title
Cursor CLI: Arbitrary Code Execution Possible through Permissive CLI Config
Summary
Cursor is a code editor built for programming with AI. In versions 1.7 and below, automatic loading of project-specific CLI configuration from the current working directory (<project>/.cursor/cli.json) could override certain global configurations in Cursor CLI. This allowed users running the CLI inside a malicious repository to be vulnerable to Remote Code Execution through a combination of permissive configuration (allowing shell commands) and prompt injection delivered via project-specific Rules (<project>/.cursor/rules/rule.mdc) or other mechanisms. The fix for this issue is currently available as a patch 2025.09.17-25b418f. As of October 3, 2025 there is no release version.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CWE
- CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/cursor/cursor/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-61592",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-10-03T18:29:16.001627Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-10-03T18:29:26.868Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "cursor",
"vendor": "cursor",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c= 1.7"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Cursor is a code editor built for programming with AI. In versions 1.7 and below, automatic loading of project-specific CLI configuration from the current working directory (\u003cproject\u003e/.cursor/cli.json) could override certain global configurations in Cursor CLI. This allowed users running the CLI inside a malicious repository to be vulnerable to Remote Code Execution through a combination of permissive configuration (allowing shell commands) and prompt injection delivered via project-specific Rules (\u003cproject\u003e/.cursor/rules/rule.mdc) or other mechanisms. The fix for this issue is currently available as a patch 2025.09.17-25b418f. As of October 3, 2025 there is no release version."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 8.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-829",
"description": "CWE-829: Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-10-03T17:23:37.743Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/cursor/cursor/security/advisories/GHSA-v64q-396f-7m79",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/cursor/cursor/security/advisories/GHSA-v64q-396f-7m79"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-v64q-396f-7m79",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Cursor CLI: Arbitrary Code Execution Possible through Permissive CLI Config"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-61592",
"datePublished": "2025-10-03T17:23:37.743Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-09-26T16:25:25.150Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-10-03T18:29:26.868Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2025-62186 (GCVE-0-2025-62186)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-07 00:00 – Updated: 2025-10-08 13:27
VLAI
Summary
Ankitects Anki before 25.02.5 allows a crafted shared deck on Windows to execute arbitrary commands when playing audio because of URL scheme mishandling.
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
References
1 reference
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-62186",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-10-08T13:27:16.709380Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-10-08T13:27:47.374Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Anki",
"vendor": "Ankitects",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "25.02.5",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:ankitects:anki:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "25.02.5",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Ankitects Anki before 25.02.5 allows a crafted shared deck on Windows to execute arbitrary commands when playing audio because of URL scheme mishandling."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 6.7,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-829",
"description": "CWE-829 Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-10-07T21:06:06.800Z",
"orgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
"shortName": "mitre"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://github.com/ankitects/anki/releases/tag/25.02.5"
}
],
"x_generator": {
"engine": "enrichogram 0.0.1"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
"assignerShortName": "mitre",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-62186",
"datePublished": "2025-10-07T00:00:00.000Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-10-07T00:00:00.000Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-10-08T13:27:47.374Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2025-62726 (GCVE-0-2025-62726)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-30 16:24 – Updated: 2025-10-31 18:19
VLAI
Title
n8n Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Git Node Pre-Commit Hook
Summary
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to 1.113.0, a remote code execution vulnerability exists in the Git Node component available in both Cloud and Self-Hosted versions of n8n. When a malicious actor clones a remote repository containing a pre-commit hook, the subsequent use of the Commit operation in the Git Node can inadvertently trigger the hook’s execution. This allows attackers to execute arbitrary code within the n8n environment, potentially compromising the system and any connected credentials or workflows. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.113.0.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CWE
- CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/pull/19559 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/5bf3db5ba84d… | x_refsource_MISC |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-62726",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-10-31T18:19:00.462279Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-10-31T18:19:31.619Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "n8n",
"vendor": "n8n-io",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 1.113.0"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to 1.113.0, a remote code execution vulnerability exists in the Git Node component available in both Cloud and Self-Hosted versions of n8n. When a malicious actor clones a remote repository containing a pre-commit hook, the subsequent use of the Commit operation in the Git Node can inadvertently trigger the hook\u2019s execution. This allows attackers to execute arbitrary code within the n8n environment, potentially compromising the system and any connected credentials or workflows. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.113.0."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 8.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-829",
"description": "CWE-829: Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-10-30T16:24:11.484Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-xgp7-7qjq-vg47",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-xgp7-7qjq-vg47"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/pull/19559",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/pull/19559"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/5bf3db5ba84d3195bbe11bbd3c62f7086e090997",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/5bf3db5ba84d3195bbe11bbd3c62f7086e090997"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-xgp7-7qjq-vg47",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "n8n Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Git Node Pre-Commit Hook"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-62726",
"datePublished": "2025-10-30T16:24:11.484Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-10-20T19:41:22.742Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-10-31T18:19:31.619Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-64496 (GCVE-0-2025-64496)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-08 01:29 – Updated: 2025-11-13 21:37
VLAI
Title
Open WebUI Affected by an External Model Server (Direct Connections) Code Injection via SSE Events
Summary
Open WebUI is a self-hosted artificial intelligence platform designed to operate entirely offline. Versions 0.6.224 and prior contain a code injection vulnerability in the Direct Connections feature that allows malicious external model servers to execute arbitrary JavaScript in victim browsers via Server-Sent Event (SSE) execute events. This leads to authentication token theft, complete account takeover, and when chained with the Functions API, enables remote code execution on the backend server. The attack requires the victim to enable Direct Connections (disabled by default) and add the attacker's malicious model URL, achievable through social engineering of the admin and subsequent users. This issue is fixed in version 0.6.35.
Severity
7.3 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui/commit/8… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| open-webui | open-webui |
Affected:
< 0.6.35
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-64496",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-11-13T21:37:56.285429Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-13T21:37:59.663Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui/security/advisories/GHSA-cm35-v4vp-5xvx"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "open-webui",
"vendor": "open-webui",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 0.6.35"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Open WebUI is a self-hosted artificial intelligence platform designed to operate entirely offline. Versions 0.6.224 and prior contain a code injection vulnerability in the Direct Connections feature that allows malicious external model servers to execute arbitrary JavaScript in victim browsers via Server-Sent Event (SSE) execute events. This leads to authentication token theft, complete account takeover, and when chained with the Functions API, enables remote code execution on the backend server. The attack requires the victim to enable Direct Connections (disabled by default) and add the attacker\u0027s malicious model URL, achievable through social engineering of the admin and subsequent users. This issue is fixed in version 0.6.35."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 7.3,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-95",
"description": "CWE-95: Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code (\u0027Eval Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-829",
"description": "CWE-829: Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-830",
"description": "CWE-830: Inclusion of Web Functionality from an Untrusted Source",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-501",
"description": "CWE-501: Trust Boundary Violation",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-08T01:29:02.654Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui/security/advisories/GHSA-cm35-v4vp-5xvx",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui/security/advisories/GHSA-cm35-v4vp-5xvx"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui/commit/8af6a4cf21b756a66cd58378a01c60f74c39b7ca",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui/commit/8af6a4cf21b756a66cd58378a01c60f74c39b7ca"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-cm35-v4vp-5xvx",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Open WebUI Affected by an External Model Server (Direct Connections) Code Injection via SSE Events"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-64496",
"datePublished": "2025-11-08T01:29:02.654Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-05T19:12:25.103Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-13T21:37:59.663Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation ID: MIT-4
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation ID: MIT-21.1
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
Description:
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation ID: MIT-22
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Description:
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation ID: MIT-17
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5.1
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation ID: MIT-34
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Description:
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation ID: MIT-6
Phases: Architecture and Design, Implementation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Description:
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many file inclusion problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, especially for cookies and URL components.
Mitigation ID: MIT-29
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Description:
- Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-175: Code Inclusion
An adversary exploits a weakness on the target to force arbitrary code to be retrieved locally or from a remote location and executed. This differs from code injection in that code injection involves the direct inclusion of code while code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-201: Serialized Data External Linking
An adversary creates a serialized data file (e.g. XML, YAML, etc...) that contains an external data reference. Because serialized data parsers may not validate documents with external references, there may be no checks on the nature of the reference in the external data. This can allow an adversary to open arbitrary files or connections, which may further lead to the adversary gaining access to information on the system that they would normally be unable to obtain.
CAPEC-228: DTD Injection
An attacker injects malicious content into an application's DTD in an attempt to produce a negative technical impact. DTDs are used to describe how XML documents are processed. Certain malformed DTDs (for example, those with excessive entity expansion as described in CAPEC 197) can cause the XML parsers that process the DTDs to consume excessive resources resulting in resource depletion.
CAPEC-251: Local Code Inclusion
The attacker forces an application to load arbitrary code files from the local machine. The attacker could use this to try to load old versions of library files that have known vulnerabilities, to load files that the attacker placed on the local machine during a prior attack, or to otherwise change the functionality of the targeted application in unexpected ways.
CAPEC-252: PHP Local File Inclusion
The attacker loads and executes an arbitrary local PHP file on a target machine. The attacker could use this to try to load old versions of PHP files that have known vulnerabilities, to load PHP files that the attacker placed on the local machine during a prior attack, or to otherwise change the functionality of the targeted application in unexpected ways.
CAPEC-253: Remote Code Inclusion
The attacker forces an application to load arbitrary code files from a remote location. The attacker could use this to try to load old versions of library files that have known vulnerabilities, to load malicious files that the attacker placed on the remote machine, or to otherwise change the functionality of the targeted application in unexpected ways.
CAPEC-263: Force Use of Corrupted Files
This describes an attack where an application is forced to use a file that an attacker has corrupted. The result is often a denial of service caused by the application being unable to process the corrupted file, but other results, including the disabling of filters or access controls (if the application fails in an unsafe way rather than failing by locking down) or buffer overflows are possible.
CAPEC-538: Open-Source Library Manipulation
Adversaries implant malicious code in open source software (OSS) libraries to have it widely distributed, as OSS is commonly downloaded by developers and other users to incorporate into software development projects. The adversary can have a particular system in mind to target, or the implantation can be the first stage of follow-on attacks on many systems.
CAPEC-549: Local Execution of Code
An adversary installs and executes malicious code on the target system in an effort to achieve a negative technical impact. Examples include rootkits, ransomware, spyware, adware, and others.
CAPEC-640: Inclusion of Code in Existing Process
The adversary takes advantage of a bug in an application failing to verify the integrity of the running process to execute arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. The adversary could use running code in the context of another process to try to access process's memory, system/network resources, etc. The goal of this attack is to evade detection defenses and escalate privileges by masking the malicious code under an existing legitimate process. Examples of approaches include but not limited to: dynamic-link library (DLL) injection, portable executable injection, thread execution hijacking, ptrace system calls, VDSO hijacking, function hooking, reflective code loading, and more.
CAPEC-660: Root/Jailbreak Detection Evasion via Hooking
An adversary forces a non-restricted mobile application to load arbitrary code or code files, via Hooking, with the goal of evading Root/Jailbreak detection. Mobile device users often Root/Jailbreak their devices in order to gain administrative control over the mobile operating system and/or to install third-party mobile applications that are not provided by authorized application stores (e.g. Google Play Store and Apple App Store). Adversaries may further leverage these capabilities to escalate privileges or bypass access control on legitimate applications. Although many mobile applications check if a mobile device is Rooted/Jailbroken prior to authorized use of the application, adversaries may be able to "hook" code in order to circumvent these checks. Successfully evading Root/Jailbreak detection allows an adversary to execute administrative commands, obtain confidential data, impersonate legitimate users of the application, and more.
CAPEC-695: Repo Jacking
An adversary takes advantage of the redirect property of directly linked Version Control System (VCS) repositories to trick users into incorporating malicious code into their applications.
CAPEC-698: Install Malicious Extension
An adversary directly installs or tricks a user into installing a malicious extension into existing trusted software, with the goal of achieving a variety of negative technical impacts.