CWE-732
Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
The product specifies permissions for a security-critical resource in a way that allows that resource to be read or modified by unintended actors.
CVE-2025-49131 (GCVE-0-2025-49131)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-09 12:42 – Updated: 2025-06-09 14:40
VLAI
Title
FastGPT Sandbox Vulnerable to Sandbox Bypass
Summary
FastGPT is an open-source project that provides a platform for building, deploying, and operating AI-driven workflows and conversational agents. The Sandbox container (fastgpt-sandbox) is a specialized, isolated environment used by FastGPT to safely execute user-submitted or dynamically generated code in isolation. The sandbox before version 4.9.11 has insufficient isolation and inadequate restrictions on code execution by allowing overly permissive syscalls, which allows attackers to escape the intended sandbox boundaries. Attackers could exploit this to read and overwrite arbitrary files and bypass Python module import restrictions. This is patched in version 4.9.11 by restricting the allowed system calls to a safer subset and additional descriptive error messaging.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-732 - Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/labring/FastGPT/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/labring/FastGPT/pull/4958 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/labring/FastGPT/commit/bb810a4… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/labring/FastGPT/pkgs/container… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/labring/FastGPT/releases/tag/v4.9.11 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-4952 (GCVE-0-2025-4952)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-31 12:28 – Updated: 2025-10-31 14:18
VLAI
Title
Denial-of-service vulnerability in ESET security products for Windows
Summary
Tampering of the registry entries might have led to preventing the ESET security products from starting correctly on the next system startup or to unauthorized changes in the product's configuration.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-732 - Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
13 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ESET | ESET NOD32 Antivirus |
Unaffected:
1496
(custom)
|
|
| ESET | ESET Internet Security |
Unaffected:
1496
|
|
| ESET | ESET Smart Security Premium |
Unaffected:
1496
|
|
| ESET | ESET Security Ultimate |
Unaffected:
1496
(custom)
|
|
| ESET | ESET Small Business Security |
Unaffected:
1496
(custom)
|
|
| ESET | ESET Safe Server |
Unaffected:
1496
(custom)
|
|
| ESET | ESET Endpoint Antivirus |
Unaffected:
1496
(custom)
|
|
| ESET | ESET Endpoint Security for Windows |
Unaffected:
1496
(custom)
|
|
| ESET | ESET Server Security for Windows Server |
Unaffected:
1496
(custom)
|
|
| ESET | ESET Mail Security for Microsoft Exchange Server |
Unaffected:
1496
(custom)
|
|
| ESET | ESET Mail Security for IBM Domino |
Unaffected:
1496
(custom)
|
|
| ESET | ESET Security for Microsoft SharePoint Server |
Unaffected:
1496
(custom)
|
|
| ESET | ESET File Security for Microsoft Azure |
Unaffected:
1496
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-08-22 10:00
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CVE-2025-52624 (GCVE-0-2025-52624)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-10 10:25 – Updated: 2026-02-03 17:45
VLAI
Title
HCL AION is susceptible to Bypass of the script allow list configuration vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability Bypass of the script allowlist configuration in HCL AION.
An incorrectly configured Content-Security-Policy header may allow unauthorized scripts to execute, increasing the risk of cross-site scripting and other injection-based attacks.This issue affects AION: 2.0.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
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CVE-2025-52627 (GCVE-0-2025-52627)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-03 17:44 – Updated: 2026-02-03 19:02
VLAI
Title
HCL AION is susceptible to Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
Summary
Root File System Not Mounted as Read-Only configuration vulnerability. This can allow unintended modifications to critical system files, potentially increasing the risk of system compromise or unauthorized changes.This issue affects AION: 2.0.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
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CVE-2025-52873 (GCVE-0-2025-52873)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-18 21:22 – Updated: 2025-09-19 13:15
VLAI
Title
Cognex In-Sight Explorer and In-Sight Camera Firmware Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
Summary
Cognex In-Sight Explorer and In-Sight Camera Firmware expose
a telnet-based service on port 23 to allow management operations such as
firmware upgrades and device reboots, which require authentication. A
user with protected privileges can successfully invoke the
SetSystemConfig functionality to modify relevant device properties (such
as network settings), contradicting the security model proposed in the
user manual.
Severity
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cognex | In-Sight 2000 series |
Affected:
5.x , ≤ 6.5.1
(custom)
|
|
| Cognex | In-Sight 7000 series |
Affected:
5.x , ≤ 6.5.1
(custom)
|
|
| Cognex | In-Sight 8000 series |
Affected:
5.x , ≤ 6.5.1
(custom)
|
|
| Cognex | In-Sight 9000 series |
Affected:
5.x , ≤ 6.5.1
(custom)
|
|
| Cognex | In-Sight Explorer |
Affected:
5.x , ≤ 6.5.1
(custom)
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-52923 (GCVE-0-2025-52923)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-22 00:00 – Updated: 2025-06-23 14:02
VLAI
Summary
Sangfor aTrust through 2.4.10 allows users to modify the ExecStartPre command.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-732 - Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
Assigner
References
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CVE-2025-52992 (GCVE-0-2025-52992)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-27 00:00 – Updated: 2025-06-27 15:18
VLAI
Summary
The Nix, Lix, and Guix package managers fail to properly set permissions when a derivation build fails. This may allow arbitrary processes to modify the content of a store outside of the build sandbox. This affects Nix before 2.24.15, 2.26.4, 2.28.4, and 2.29.1; Lix before 2.91.2, 2.92.2, and 2.93.1; and Guix before 1.4.0-38.0e79d5b.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-732 - Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
Assigner
References
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-53396 (GCVE-0-2025-53396)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-28 08:27 – Updated: 2025-08-28 14:12
VLAI
Summary
Incorrect permission assignment for critical resource issue exists in SS1 Ver.16.0.0.10 and earlier (Media version:16.0.0a and earlier), which may allow users who can log in to a client terminal to obtain root privileges.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-732 - Incorrect permission assignment for critical resource
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| DOS Co., Ltd. | SS1 |
Affected:
Ver.16.0.0.10 and earlier (Media version:16.0.0a and earlier) (Affected under MacOS environment only)
|
|
| DOS Co., Ltd. | SS1 Cloud |
Affected:
Ver.2.1.3 and earlier (Affected under MacOS environment only)
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CVE-2025-54497 (GCVE-0-2025-54497)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-18 21:24 – Updated: 2025-09-19 13:12
VLAI
Title
Cognex In-Sight Explorer and In-Sight Camera Firmware Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
Summary
Cognex In-Sight Explorer and In-Sight Camera Firmware expose
a telnet-based service
on port 23 to allow management operations such as firmware upgrades and
device reboots, which require authentication. A user with protected
privileges can successfully invoke the SetSerialPort functionality to
modify relevant device properties (such as serial interface settings),
contradicting the security model proposed in the user manual.
Severity
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cognex | In-Sight 2000 series |
Affected:
5.x , ≤ 6.5.1
(custom)
|
|
| Cognex | In-Sight 7000 series |
Affected:
5.x , ≤ 6.5.1
(custom)
|
|
| Cognex | In-Sight 8000 series |
Affected:
5.x , ≤ 6.5.1
(custom)
|
|
| Cognex | In-Sight 9000 series |
Affected:
5.x , ≤ 6.5.1
(custom)
|
|
| Cognex | In-Sight Explorer |
Affected:
5.x , ≤ 6.5.1
(custom)
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-54545 (GCVE-0-2025-54545)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-29 22:36 – Updated: 2025-10-30 14:14
VLAI
Title
On affected platforms, a restricted user could break out of the CLI sandbox to the system shell and elevate their privileges.
Summary
On affected platforms, a restricted user could break out of the CLI sandbox to the system shell and elevate their privileges.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arista Networks | DANZ Monitoring Fabric |
Affected:
0
(custom)
Affected: 0 , ≤ DMF 8.6.1 (custom) Affected: 0 , ≤ DMF 8.5.2 (custom) Affected: 0 , ≤ CCF 6.2.4 (custom) Affected: 0 , ≤ CVA 7.0 (custom) Affected: 0 , ≤ MCD 2.4.0 (custom) |
Date Public
2025-10-22 15:00
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Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- When using a critical resource such as a configuration file, check to see if the resource has insecure permissions (such as being modifiable by any regular user) [REF-62], and generate an error or even exit the software if there is a possibility that the resource could have been modified by an unauthorized party.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully defining distinct user groups, privileges, and/or roles. Map these against data, functionality, and the related resources. Then set the permissions accordingly. This will allow you to maintain more fine-grained control over your resources. [REF-207]
Mitigation ID: MIT-22
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Description:
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation
Phases: Implementation, Installation
Description:
- During program startup, explicitly set the default permissions or umask to the most restrictive setting possible. Also set the appropriate permissions during program installation. This will prevent you from inheriting insecure permissions from any user who installs or runs the program.
Mitigation
Phase: System Configuration
Description:
- For all configuration files, executables, and libraries, make sure that they are only readable and writable by the software's administrator.
Mitigation
Phase: Documentation
Description:
- Do not suggest insecure configuration changes in documentation, especially if those configurations can extend to resources and other programs that are outside the scope of the application.
Mitigation
Phase: Installation
Description:
- Do not assume that a system administrator will manually change the configuration to the settings that are recommended in the software's manual.
Mitigation ID: MIT-37
Phases: Operation, System Configuration
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Ensure that the software runs properly under the United States Government Configuration Baseline (USGCB) [REF-199] or an equivalent hardening configuration guide, which many organizations use to limit the attack surface and potential risk of deployed software.
Mitigation
Phases: Implementation, System Configuration, Operation
Description:
- When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to disable public access.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-122: Privilege Abuse
An adversary is able to exploit features of the target that should be reserved for privileged users or administrators but are exposed to use by lower or non-privileged accounts. Access to sensitive information and functionality must be controlled to ensure that only authorized users are able to access these resources.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-180: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels
An attacker exploits a weakness in the configuration of access controls and is able to bypass the intended protection that these measures guard against and thereby obtain unauthorized access to the system or network. Sensitive functionality should always be protected with access controls. However configuring all but the most trivial access control systems can be very complicated and there are many opportunities for mistakes. If an attacker can learn of incorrectly configured access security settings, they may be able to exploit this in an attack.
CAPEC-206: Signing Malicious Code
The adversary extracts credentials used for code signing from a production environment and then uses these credentials to sign malicious content with the developer's key. Many developers use signing keys to sign code or hashes of code. When users or applications verify the signatures are accurate they are led to believe that the code came from the owner of the signing key and that the code has not been modified since the signature was applied. If the adversary has extracted the signing credentials then they can use those credentials to sign their own code bundles. Users or tools that verify the signatures attached to the code will likely assume the code came from the legitimate developer and install or run the code, effectively allowing the adversary to execute arbitrary code on the victim's computer. This differs from CAPEC-673, because the adversary is performing the code signing.
CAPEC-234: Hijacking a privileged process
An adversary gains control of a process that is assigned elevated privileges in order to execute arbitrary code with those privileges. Some processes are assigned elevated privileges on an operating system, usually through association with a particular user, group, or role. If an attacker can hijack this process, they will be able to assume its level of privilege in order to execute their own code.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-61: Session Fixation
The attacker induces a client to establish a session with the target software using a session identifier provided by the attacker. Once the user successfully authenticates to the target software, the attacker uses the (now privileged) session identifier in their own transactions. This attack leverages the fact that the target software either relies on client-generated session identifiers or maintains the same session identifiers after privilege elevation.
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.
CAPEC-642: Replace Binaries
Adversaries know that certain binaries will be regularly executed as part of normal processing. If these binaries are not protected with the appropriate file system permissions, it could be possible to replace them with malware. This malware might be executed at higher system permission levels. A variation of this pattern is to discover self-extracting installation packages that unpack binaries to directories with weak file permissions which it does not clean up appropriately. These binaries can be replaced by malware, which can then be executed.