CWE-441
Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
The product receives a request, message, or directive from an upstream component, but the product does not sufficiently preserve the original source of the request before forwarding the request to an external actor that is outside of the product's control sphere. This causes the product to appear to be the source of the request, leading it to act as a proxy or other intermediary between the upstream component and the external actor.
CVE-2026-23751 (GCVE-0-2026-23751)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-23 14:46 – Updated: 2026-05-14 02:09
VLAI
Title
Kofax Capture 6.0.0.0 Unauthenticated File Read/Write & SMB Coercion via .NET Remoting
Summary
Kofax Capture, now referred to as Tungsten Capture, version 6.0.0.0 (other versions may be affected) exposes a deprecated .NET Remoting HTTP channel on port 2424 via the Ascent Capture Service that is accessible without authentication and uses a default, publicly known endpoint identifier. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit .NET Remoting object unmarshalling techniques to instantiate a remote System.Net.WebClient object and read arbitrary files from the server filesystem, write attacker-controlled files to the server, or coerce NTLMv2 authentication to an attacker-controlled host, enabling sensitive credential disclosure, denial of service, remote code execution, or lateral movement depending on service account privileges and network environment.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://gist.github.com/VAMorales/3888941d6e5efdd… | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://docshield.tungstenautomation.com/Portal/P… | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/kofax-captur… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tungsten Automation | Kofax Capture |
Affected:
6.0.0.0
(custom)
|
Credits
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CVE-2026-24470 (GCVE-0-2026-24470)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-26 22:23 – Updated: 2026-01-27 14:51
VLAI
Title
Skipper Ingress Controller Allows Unauthorized Access to Internal Services via ExternalName
Summary
Skipper is an HTTP router and reverse proxy for service composition. Prior to version 0.24.0, when running Skipper as an Ingress controller, users with permissions to create an Ingress and a Service of type ExternalName can create routes that enable them to use Skipper's network access to reach internal services. Version 0.24.0 disables Kubernetes ExternalName by default. As a workaround, developers can allow list targets of an ExternalName and allow list via regular expressions.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/zalando/skipper/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/zalando/skipper/commit/a4c87ce… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-netw… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-24471 (GCVE-0-2026-24471)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-02 18:56 – Updated: 2026-02-03 14:53
VLAI
Title
Improper Validation in Conduit-derived homeservers resulting in Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
Summary
continuwuity is a Matrix homeserver written in Rust. This vulnerability allows an attacker with a malicious remote server to cause the local server to sign an arbitrary event upon user interaction. Upon a user account leaving a room (rejecting an invite), joining a room or knocking on a room, the victim server may ask a remote server for assistance. If the victim asks the attacker server for assistance the attacker is able to provide an arbitrary event, which the victim will sign and return to the attacker. For the /leave endpoint, this works for any event with a supported room version, where the origin and origin_server_ts is set by the victim. For the /join endpoint, an additionally victim-set content field in the format of a join membership is needed. For the /knock endpoint, an additional victim-set content field in the format of a knock membership and a room version not between 1 and 6 is needed. This was exploited as a part of a larger chain against the continuwuity.org homeserver. This vulnerability affects all Conduit-derived servers. This vulnerability is fixed in Continuwuity 0.5.1, Conduit 0.10.11, Grapevine 0aae932b, and Tuwunel 1.4.9.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-441 - Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/continuwuity/continuwuity/secu… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://forgejo.ellis.link/continuwuation/continu… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| continuwuity | continuwuity |
Affected:
< 0.5.1
|
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CVE-2026-27124 (GCVE-0-2026-27124)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-03 15:22 – Updated: 2026-04-03 16:44
VLAI
Title
FastMCP: Missing Consent Verification in OAuth Proxy Callback Facilitates Confused Deputy Vulnerabilities
Summary
FastMCP is the standard framework for building MCP applications. Prior to version 3.2.0, while testing the GitHubProvider OAuth integration, which allows authentication to a FastMCP MCP server via a FastMCP OAuthProxy using GitHub OAuth, it was discovered that the FastMCP OAuthProxy does not properly validate the user's consent upon receiving the authorization code from GitHub. In combination with GitHub’s behavior of skipping the consent page for previously authorized clients, this introduces a Confused Deputy vulnerability. This issue has been patched in version 3.2.0.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-441 - Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/PrefectHQ/fastmcp/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-27624 (GCVE-0-2026-27624)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-25 04:04 – Updated: 2026-02-25 15:09
VLAI
Title
Coturn: IPv4-mapped IPv6 (::ffff:0:0/96) bypasses denied-peer-ip ACL
Summary
Coturn is a free open source implementation of TURN and STUN Server. Coturn is commonly configured to block loopback and internal ranges using "denied-peer-ip" and/or default loopback restrictions. CVE-2020-26262 addressed bypasses involving "0.0.0.0", "[::1]" and "[::]", but IPv4-mapped IPv6 is not covered. When sending a "CreatePermission" or "ChannelBind" request with the "XOR-PEER-ADDRESS" value of "::ffff:127.0.0.1", a successful response is received, even though "127.0.0.0/8" is blocked via "denied-peer-ip". The root cause is that, prior to the updated fix implemented in version 4.9.0, three functions in "src/client/ns_turn_ioaddr.c" do not check "IN6_IS_ADDR_V4MAPPED". "ioa_addr_is_loopback()" checks "127.x.x.x" (AF_INET) and "::1" (AF_INET6), but not "::ffff:127.0.0.1." "ioa_addr_is_zero()" checks "0.0.0.0" and "::", but not "::ffff:0.0.0.0." "addr_less_eq()" used by "ioa_addr_in_range()" for "denied-peer-ip" matching: when the range is AF_INET and the peer is AF_INET6, the comparison returns 0 without extracting the embedded IPv4. Version 4.9.0 contains an updated fix to address the bypass of the fix for CVE-2020-26262.
Severity
7.2 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/coturn/coturn/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/coturn/coturn/security/advisor… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/coturn/coturn/commit/b80eb898b… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-30225 (GCVE-0-2026-30225)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-06 21:03 – Updated: 2026-03-09 20:54
VLAI
Title
OliveTin: RestartAction always runs actions as guest
Summary
OliveTin gives access to predefined shell commands from a web interface. Prior to version 3000.11.1, an authentication context confusion vulnerability in RestartAction allows a low‑privileged authenticated user to execute actions they are not permitted to run. RestartAction constructs a new internal connect.Request without preserving the original caller’s authentication headers or cookies. When this synthetic request is passed to StartAction, the authentication resolver falls back to the guest user. If the guest account has broader permissions than the authenticated caller, this results in privilege escalation and unauthorized command execution. This vulnerability allows a low‑privileged authenticated user to bypass ACL restrictions and execute arbitrary configured shell actions. This issue has been patched in version 3000.11.1.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/OliveTin/OliveTin/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/OliveTin/OliveTin/commit/cb46a… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/OliveTin/OliveTin/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-3160 (GCVE-0-2026-3160)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-14 05:35 – Updated: 2026-05-14 13:09
VLAI
Title
Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy') in GitLab
Summary
GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 13.7 before 18.9.7, 18.10 before 18.10.6, and 18.11 before 18.11.3 that could have allowed an authenticated user to view Jira issues outside the configured project scope due to an integration filter functioning only as a display control rather than enforcing access boundaries as specified.
Severity
5.8 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-441 - Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://hackerone.com/reports/3566042 | technical-descriptionexploitpermissions-required |
| https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/work_items… | |
| https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2026/05/13/patc… |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2026-33768 (GCVE-0-2026-33768)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-24 18:40 – Updated: 2026-03-24 18:53
VLAI
Title
Astro: Unauthenticated Path Override via `x-astro-path` / `x_astro_path`
Summary
Astro is a web framework. Prior to version 10.0.2, the @astrojs/vercel serverless entrypoint reads the x-astro-path header and x_astro_path query parameter to rewrite the internal request path, with no authentication whatsoever. On deployments without Edge Middleware, this lets anyone bypass Vercel's platform-level path restrictions entirely. The override preserves the original HTTP method and body, so this isn't limited to GET. POST, PUT, DELETE all land on the rewritten path. A Firewall rule blocking /admin/* does nothing when the request comes in as POST /api/health?x_astro_path=/admin/delete-user. This issue has been patched in version 10.0.2.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/withastro/astro/pull/15959 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/withastro/astro/commit/335a204… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/withastro/astro/releases/tag/%… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-39906 (GCVE-0-2026-39906)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-14 21:21 – Updated: 2026-05-14 16:06
VLAI
Title
Unisys WebPerfect Image Suite 3.0 NTLMv2 Hash Leakage via .NET Remoting
Summary
Unisys WebPerfect Image Suite versions 3.0.3960.22810 and 3.0.3960.22604 expose a deprecated .NET Remoting TCP channel that allows remote unauthenticated attackers to leak NTLMv2 machine-account hashes by supplying a Windows UNC path as a target file argument through object-unmarshalling techniques. Attackers can capture the leaked NTLMv2 hash and relay it to other hosts to achieve privilege escalation or lateral movement depending on network configuration and patch level.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-441 - Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://gist.github.com/VAMorales/be3e4ed472c5179… | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://www.unisys.com/solutions/cai/applications/ | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/unisys-webpe… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unisys | WebPerfect Image Suite |
Affected:
3.0.3960.22810
(custom)
Affected: 3.0.3960.22604 (custom) |
Date Public
2026-04-15 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2026-39961 (GCVE-0-2026-39961)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-09 17:14 – Updated: 2026-04-10 14:08
VLAI
Title
Aiven Operator has cross-namespace secret exfiltration via ClickhouseUser connInfoSecretSource
Summary
Aiven Operator allows you to provision and manage Aiven Services from your Kubernetes cluster. From 0.31.0 to before 0.37.0, a developer with create permission on ClickhouseUser CRDs in their own namespace can exfiltrate secrets from any other namespace — production database credentials, API keys, service tokens — with a single kubectl apply. The operator reads the victim's secret using its ClusterRole and writes the password into a new secret in the attacker's namespace. The operator acts as a confused deputy: its ServiceAccount has cluster-wide secret read/write (aiven-operator-role ClusterRole), and it trusts user-supplied namespace values in spec.connInfoSecretSource.namespace without validation. No admission webhook enforces this boundary — the ServiceUser webhook returns nil, and no ClickhouseUser webhook exists. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.37.0.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/aiven/aiven-operator/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/aiven/aiven-operator/commit/03… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/aiven/aiven-operator/releases/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| aiven | aiven-operator |
Affected:
< 0.37.0
|
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Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Enforce the use of strong mutual authentication mechanism between the two parties.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Whenever a product is an intermediary or proxy for transactions between two other components, the proxy core should not drop the identity of the initiator of the transaction. The immutability of the identity of the initiator must be maintained and should be forwarded all the way to the target.
CAPEC-219: XML Routing Detour Attacks
An attacker subverts an intermediate system used to process XML content and forces the intermediate to modify and/or re-route the processing of the content. XML Routing Detour Attacks are Adversary in the Middle type attacks (CAPEC-94). The attacker compromises or inserts an intermediate system in the processing of the XML message. For example, WS-Routing can be used to specify a series of nodes or intermediaries through which content is passed. If any of the intermediate nodes in this route are compromised by an attacker they could be used for a routing detour attack. From the compromised system the attacker is able to route the XML process to other nodes of their choice and modify the responses so that the normal chain of processing is unaware of the interception. This system can forward the message to an outside entity and hide the forwarding and processing from the legitimate processing systems by altering the header information.
CAPEC-465: Transparent Proxy Abuse
A transparent proxy serves as an intermediate between the client and the internet at large. It intercepts all requests originating from the client and forwards them to the correct location. The proxy also intercepts all responses to the client and forwards these to the client. All of this is done in a manner transparent to the client.