Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-409

Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)

The product does not handle or incorrectly handles a compressed input with a very high compression ratio that produces a large output.

CVE-2025-32949 (GCVE-0-2025-32949)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-15 14:57 – Updated: 2025-04-15 15:18
VLAI
Title
PeerTube User Import Authenticated Resource Exhaustion
Summary
This vulnerability allows any authenticated user to cause the server to consume very large amounts of disk space when extracting a Zip Bomb. If user import is enabled (which is the default setting), any registered user can upload an archive for importing. The code uses the yauzl library for reading the archive. The yauzl library does not contain any mechanism to detect or prevent extraction of a Zip Bomb https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zip_bomb . Therefore, when using the User Import functionality with a Zip Bomb, PeerTube will try extracting the archive which will cause a disk space resource exhaustion.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Affected: 0 , < 7.1.1 (custom)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-46730 (GCVE-0-2025-46730)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-05 19:32 – Updated: 2025-05-05 20:04
VLAI
Title
Mobile Security Framework (MobSF) Allows Web Server Resource Exhaustion via ZIP of Death Attack
Summary
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SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-58057 (GCVE-0-2025-58057)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-03 21:46 – Updated: 2025-09-04 19:59
VLAI
Title
Netty's BrotliDecoder is vulnerable to DoS via zip bomb style attack
Summary
Netty is an asynchronous event-driven network application framework for rapid development of maintainable high performance protocol servers & clients. In netty-codec-compression versions 4.1.124.Final and below, and netty-codec versions 4.2.4.Final and below, when supplied with specially crafted input, BrotliDecoder and certain other decompression decoders will allocate a large number of reachable byte buffers, which can lead to denial of service. BrotliDecoder.decompress has no limit in how often it calls pull, decompressing data 64K bytes at a time. The buffers are saved in the output list, and remain reachable until OOM is hit. This is fixed in versions 4.1.125.Final of netty-codec and 4.2.5.Final of netty-codec-compression.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
netty netty Affected: <= 4.1.124.Final, < 4.1.125.Final
Affected: <= 4.2.4.Final, < 4.2.5.Final
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-62708 (GCVE-0-2025-62708)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-22 21:36 – Updated: 2025-10-23 15:10
VLAI
Title
pypdf manipulated LZWDecode streams can exhaust RAM
Summary
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to version 6.1.3, an attacker who uses this vulnerability can craft a PDF which leads to large memory usage. This requires parsing the content stream of a page using the LZWDecode filter. This has been fixed in pypdf version 6.1.3.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
py-pdf pypdf Affected: < 6.1.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-66019 (GCVE-0-2025-66019)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-25 23:38 – Updated: 2026-01-20 18:33
VLAI
Title
pypdf manipulated LZWDecode streams can exhaust RAM
Summary
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to version 6.4.0, an attacker who uses this vulnerability can craft a PDF which leads to a memory usage of up to 1 GB per stream. This requires parsing the content stream of a page using the LZWDecode filter. This issue has been patched in version 6.4.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
py-pdf pypdf Affected: < 6.4.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-66471 (GCVE-0-2025-66471)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-05 16:06 – Updated: 2025-12-05 19:33
VLAI
Title
urllib3 Streaming API improperly handles highly compressed data
Summary
urllib3 is a user-friendly HTTP client library for Python. Starting in version 1.0 and prior to 2.6.0, the Streaming API improperly handles highly compressed data. urllib3's streaming API is designed for the efficient handling of large HTTP responses by reading the content in chunks, rather than loading the entire response body into memory at once. When streaming a compressed response, urllib3 can perform decoding or decompression based on the HTTP Content-Encoding header (e.g., gzip, deflate, br, or zstd). The library must read compressed data from the network and decompress it until the requested chunk size is met. Any resulting decompressed data that exceeds the requested amount is held in an internal buffer for the next read operation. The decompression logic could cause urllib3 to fully decode a small amount of highly compressed data in a single operation. This can result in excessive resource consumption (high CPU usage and massive memory allocation for the decompressed data.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
urllib3 urllib3 Affected: >= 1.0, < 2.6.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-69223 (GCVE-0-2025-69223)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-05 22:00 – Updated: 2026-07-09 12:09
VLAI
Title
AIOHTTP's HTTP Parser auto_decompress feature is vulnerable to zip bomb
Summary
AIOHTTP is an asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for asyncio and Python. Versions 3.13.2 and below allow a zip bomb to be used to execute a DoS against the AIOHTTP server. An attacker may be able to send a compressed request that when decompressed by AIOHTTP could exhaust the host's memory. This issue is fixed in version 3.13.3.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
  • CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/security/advi… x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/commit/2b920c… x_refsource_MISC
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-69223 vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2427456 issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT
https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… x_sadp-csaf-vex
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:1497 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:1506 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:3959 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:1249 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:3958 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:3461 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:3462 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:1599 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:1609 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6308 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:1596 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:3960 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6309 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:3782 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:10184 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:2106 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:2695 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:3713 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19712 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
aio-libs aiohttp Affected: < 3.13.3
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.4 for RHEL 8     cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.4::el8
    cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.4::el8
    cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_inside:2.4::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 8     cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el8
    cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.5::el8
    cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_inside:2.5::el8
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.4 for RHEL 9     cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.4::el9
    cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.4::el9
    cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_inside:2.4::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 9     cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el9
    cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.5::el9
    cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_inside:2.5::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 for RHEL 9     cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9
    cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.6::el9
    cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_inside:2.6::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2     cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.2::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.4     cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.4::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5     cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6     cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:2.25::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.3     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.3::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Migration Toolkit for Containers     cpe:/a:redhat:rhmt:1
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Red Hat OpenShift Lightspeed     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_lightspeed
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Red Hat Red Hat AI Inference Server     cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3
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Red Hat Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2     cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2
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Red Hat Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform Ansible Core 2     cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_core:2
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3     cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai
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Red Hat Red Hat Satellite 6     cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6
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Red Hat Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 for RHEL 10     cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el10
    cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.6::el10
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2     cpe:/a:redhat:service_mesh:2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-10725 (GCVE-0-2026-10725)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-06 09:14 – Updated: 2026-06-09 07:20
VLAI
Title
Protocol::HTTP2 versions before 1.13 for Perl is vulnerable to a HTTP/2 Bomb
Summary
Protocol::HTTP2 versions before 1.13 for Perl is vulnerable to a HTTP/2 Bomb. Protocol::HTTP2's inbound HPACK path has no header-list size limit, so a small HTTP/2 request can expand into large server memory (the "HTTP/2 bomb"). The headers_decode method materialises a full key+value copy per indexed reference with no running size check, and the stream_header_block_add method appends (since version 1.12) every CONTINUATION frame to the per-stream buffer unbounded. MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE (default 65536) is advertised in SETTINGS but never consulted on decode. It is absent from the decoder and from the :limits export tag.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
CRUX Protocol::HTTP2 Affected: 0 , < 1.13 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-13523 (GCVE-0-2026-13523)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-29 01:30 – Updated: 2026-06-29 12:58 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
GPAC ISOBMFF base_encoding.c data amplification
Summary
A weakness has been identified in GPAC up to 26.02.0. This affects an unknown part of the file src/utils/base_encoding.c of the component ISOBMFF Parser. Executing a manipulation can lead to highly compressed data. The attack needs to be launched locally. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. This patch is called 297f2d8d1f493d8b241330533cd47f7da758aeb3. A patch should be applied to remediate this issue. The vendor confirms: "We added a check on inflate output size, if it surpasses 32 times the input size we stop in error. This value could be adjusted later."
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a GPAC Affected: 26.02
    cpe:2.3:a:gpac:gpac:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Credits
Fantasy (VulDB User) VulDB CNA Team
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-1526 (GCVE-0-2026-1526)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-12 20:08 – Updated: 2026-07-02 12:05
VLAI
Title
undici is vulnerable to Unbounded Memory Consumption in undici WebSocket permessage-deflate Decompression
Summary
The undici WebSocket client is vulnerable to a denial-of-service attack via unbounded memory consumption during permessage-deflate decompression. When a WebSocket connection negotiates the permessage-deflate extension, the client decompresses incoming compressed frames without enforcing any limit on the decompressed data size. A malicious WebSocket server can send a small compressed frame (a "decompression bomb") that expands to an extremely large size in memory, causing the Node.js process to exhaust available memory and crash or become unresponsive. The vulnerability exists in the PerMessageDeflate.decompress() method, which accumulates all decompressed chunks in memory and concatenates them into a single Buffer without checking whether the total size exceeds a safe threshold.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-409 - Improper handling of highly compressed data (data amplification)
  • CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://github.com/nodejs/undici/security/advisor…
https://hackerone.com/reports/3481206
https://cna.openjsf.org/security-advisories.html
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7692
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-1526 vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2447142 issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT
https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… x_sadp-csaf-vex
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:17789 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:7310 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:7080 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:7675 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:7123 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:7670 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:7983 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:7302 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:7350 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:34342 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:9742 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13826 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:5807 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:21772 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:21931 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
undici undici Affected: < 6.24.0; 7.0.0 < 7.24.0
Unaffected: 6.24.0: 7.24.0
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Red Hat Cryostat 4 on RHEL 9     cpe:/a:redhat:cryostat:4::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v. 10.0)     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10)     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.1
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8)     cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.6)     cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)     cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream
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Red Hat Cluster Observability Operator 1.5.0     cpe:/a:redhat:cluster_observability_operator:1.5::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat Developer Hub 1.8     cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1.8::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat Developer Hub 1.9     cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1.9::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.16     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:2.16::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.28     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_devspaces:3.28::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Pipelines 1.2     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_pipelines:1.20::el9
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Red Hat OpenShift Lightspeed     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_lightspeed
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Red Hat OpenShift Pipelines     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_pipelines:1
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Red Hat Red Hat Developer Hub     cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_devspaces:3
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Red Hat Self-service automation portal 2     cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_portal:2
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8     cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack     cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp
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Credits
Matteo Collina Ulises Gascón HO9
Show details on NVD website

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            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:17789: Cryostat 4 on RHEL 9"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:7310: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v. 10.0)"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:7080: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10)"
          },
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            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:7675: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10)"
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            "lang": "en",
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            "value": "RHSA-2026:7302: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)"
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            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:7350: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:34342: Cluster Observability Operator 1.5.0"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:9742: Red Hat Developer Hub 1.8"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:13826: Red Hat Developer Hub 1.9"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:5807: Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.16"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:21772: Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.28"
          },
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            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:21931: Red Hat OpenShift Pipelines 1.2"
          }
        ],
        "timeline": [
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            "lang": "en",
            "time": "2026-03-12T21:01:25.538Z",
            "value": "Reported to Red Hat."
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "time": "2026-03-12T20:08:05.950Z",
            "value": "Made public."
          }
        ],
        "title": "undici: undici: Denial of Service via unbounded memory consumption during WebSocket permessage-deflate decompression",
        "workarounds": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options do not meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base or stability."
          }
        ],
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    "cna": {
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          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
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          "product": "undici",
          "repo": "https://github.com/nodejs/undici/",
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              "version": "\u003c 6.24.0; 7.0.0 \u003c 7.24.0"
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          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation developer",
          "value": "Matteo Collina"
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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation developer",
          "value": "Ulises Gasc\u00f3n"
        },
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          "lang": "en",
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              "description": "CWE-409 Improper handling of highly compressed data (data amplification)",
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        "orgId": "ce714d77-add3-4f53-aff5-83d477b104bb",
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    "assignerShortName": "openjs",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-1526",
    "datePublished": "2026-03-12T20:08:05.950Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-01-28T12:05:07.017Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-07-02T12:05:22.042Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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