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CWE-409
Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
The product does not handle or incorrectly handles a compressed input with a very high compression ratio that produces a large output.
CVE-2025-32949 (GCVE-0-2025-32949)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-15 14:57 – Updated: 2025-04-15 15:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PeerTube User Import Authenticated Resource Exhaustion
Summary
This vulnerability allows any authenticated user to cause the server to consume very large amounts of disk space when extracting a Zip Bomb.
If user import is enabled (which is the default setting), any registered user can upload an archive for importing. The code uses the yauzl library for reading the archive. The yauzl library does not contain any mechanism to detect or prevent extraction of a Zip Bomb https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zip_bomb . Therefore, when using the User Import functionality with a Zip Bomb, PeerTube will try extracting the archive which will cause a disk space resource exhaustion.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Chocobozzz/PeerTube/releases/t… | patch |
| https://research.jfrog.com/vulnerabilities/peertu… | third-party-advisory |
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CVE-2025-46730 (GCVE-0-2025-46730)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-05 19:32 – Updated: 2025-05-05 20:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Mobile Security Framework (MobSF) Allows Web Server Resource Exhaustion via ZIP of Death Attack
Summary
MobSF is a mobile application security testing tool used. Typically, MobSF is deployed on centralized internal or cloud-based servers that also host other security tools and web applications. Access to the MobSF web interface is often granted to internal security teams, audit teams, and external vendors. MobSF provides a feature that allows users to upload ZIP files for static analysis. Upon upload, these ZIP files are automatically extracted and stored within the MobSF directory. However, in versions up to and including 4.3.2, this functionality lacks a check on the total uncompressed size of the ZIP file, making it vulnerable to a ZIP of Death (zip bomb) attack. Due to the absence of safeguards against oversized extractions, an attacker can craft a specially prepared ZIP file that is small in compressed form but expands to a massive size upon extraction. Exploiting this, an attacker can exhaust the server's disk space, leading to a complete denial of service (DoS) not just for MobSF, but also for any other applications or websites hosted on the same server. This vulnerability can lead to complete server disruption in an organization which can affect other internal portals and tools too (which are hosted on the same server). If some organization has created their customized cloud based mobile security tool using MobSF core then an attacker can exploit this vulnerability to crash their servers. Commit 6987a946485a795f4fd38cebdb4860b368a1995d fixes this issue. As an additional mitigation, it is recommended to implement a safeguard that checks the total uncompressed size of any uploaded ZIP file before extraction. If the estimated uncompressed size exceeds a safe threshold (e.g., 100 MB), MobSF should reject the file and notify the user.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MobSF/Mobile-Security-Framewor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/MobSF/Mobile-Security-Framewor… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MobSF | Mobile-Security-Framework-MobSF |
Affected:
<= 4.3.2
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CVE-2025-58057 (GCVE-0-2025-58057)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-03 21:46 – Updated: 2025-09-04 19:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Netty's BrotliDecoder is vulnerable to DoS via zip bomb style attack
Summary
Netty is an asynchronous event-driven network application framework for rapid development of maintainable high performance protocol servers & clients. In netty-codec-compression versions 4.1.124.Final and below, and netty-codec versions 4.2.4.Final and below, when supplied with specially crafted input, BrotliDecoder and certain other decompression decoders will allocate a large number of reachable byte buffers, which can lead to denial of service. BrotliDecoder.decompress has no limit in how often it calls pull, decompressing data 64K bytes at a time. The buffers are saved in the output list, and remain reachable until OOM is hit. This is fixed in versions 4.1.125.Final of netty-codec and 4.2.5.Final of netty-codec-compression.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/9d804c54ce9… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-62708 (GCVE-0-2025-62708)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-22 21:36 – Updated: 2025-10-23 15:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
pypdf manipulated LZWDecode streams can exhaust RAM
Summary
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to version 6.1.3, an attacker who uses this vulnerability can craft a PDF which leads to large memory usage. This requires parsing the content stream of a page using the LZWDecode filter. This has been fixed in pypdf version 6.1.3.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/pull/3502 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/commit/e51d07807f… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-66019 (GCVE-0-2025-66019)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-25 23:38 – Updated: 2026-01-20 18:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
pypdf manipulated LZWDecode streams can exhaust RAM
Summary
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to version 6.4.0, an attacker who uses this vulnerability can craft a PDF which leads to a memory usage of up to 1 GB per stream. This requires parsing the content stream of a page using the LZWDecode filter. This issue has been patched in version 6.4.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/commit/96186725e5… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/releases/tag/6.4.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://aydinnyunus.github.io/2025/12/20/cve-2025… |
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CVE-2025-66471 (GCVE-0-2025-66471)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-05 16:06 – Updated: 2025-12-05 19:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
urllib3 Streaming API improperly handles highly compressed data
Summary
urllib3 is a user-friendly HTTP client library for Python. Starting in version 1.0 and prior to 2.6.0, the Streaming API improperly handles highly compressed data. urllib3's streaming API is designed for the efficient handling of large HTTP responses by reading the content in chunks, rather than loading the entire response body into memory at once. When streaming a compressed response, urllib3 can perform decoding or decompression based on the HTTP Content-Encoding header (e.g., gzip, deflate, br, or zstd). The library must read compressed data from the network and decompress it until the requested chunk size is met. Any resulting decompressed data that exceeds the requested amount is held in an internal buffer for the next read operation. The decompression logic could cause urllib3 to fully decode a small amount of highly compressed data in a single operation. This can result in excessive resource consumption (high CPU usage and massive memory allocation for the decompressed data.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/commit/c19571d… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-69223 (GCVE-0-2025-69223)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-05 22:00 – Updated: 2026-07-09 12:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
AIOHTTP's HTTP Parser auto_decompress feature is vulnerable to zip bomb
Summary
AIOHTTP is an asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for asyncio and Python. Versions 3.13.2 and below allow a zip bomb to be used to execute a DoS against the AIOHTTP server. An attacker may be able to send a compressed request that when decompressed by AIOHTTP could exhaust the host's memory. This issue is fixed in version 3.13.3.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
24 references
Impacted products
22 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| aio-libs | aiohttp |
Affected:
< 3.13.3
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.4 for RHEL 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.4::el8 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.4::el8 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_inside:2.4::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el8 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.5::el8 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_inside:2.5::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.4 for RHEL 9 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.4::el9 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.4::el9 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_inside:2.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 9 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el9 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.5::el9 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_inside:2.5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 for RHEL 9 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.6::el9 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_inside:2.6::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.2::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.4::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:2.25::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.3::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Migration Toolkit for Containers |
cpe:/a:redhat:rhmt:1 |
|
| Red Hat | OpenShift Lightspeed |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_lightspeed |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat AI Inference Server |
cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform Ansible Core 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_core:2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Satellite 6 |
cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 for RHEL 10 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el10 cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.6::el10 |
|
| Red Hat | OpenShift Service Mesh 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:service_mesh:2 |
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CVE-2026-10725 (GCVE-0-2026-10725)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-06 09:14 – Updated: 2026-06-09 07:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Protocol::HTTP2 versions before 1.13 for Perl is vulnerable to a HTTP/2 Bomb
Summary
Protocol::HTTP2 versions before 1.13 for Perl is vulnerable to a HTTP/2 Bomb.
Protocol::HTTP2's inbound HPACK path has no header-list size limit, so a small HTTP/2 request can expand into large server memory (the "HTTP/2 bomb").
The headers_decode method materialises a full key+value copy per indexed reference with no running size check, and the stream_header_block_add method appends (since version 1.12) every CONTINUATION frame to the per-stream buffer unbounded.
MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE (default 65536) is advertised in SETTINGS but never consulted on decode. It is absent from the decoder and from the :limits export tag.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
References
6 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CRUX | Protocol::HTTP2 |
Affected:
0 , < 1.13
(custom)
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CVE-2026-13523 (GCVE-0-2026-13523)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-29 01:30 – Updated: 2026-06-29 12:58 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
GPAC ISOBMFF base_encoding.c data amplification
Summary
A weakness has been identified in GPAC up to 26.02.0. This affects an unknown part of the file src/utils/base_encoding.c of the component ISOBMFF Parser. Executing a manipulation can lead to highly compressed data. The attack needs to be launched locally. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. This patch is called 297f2d8d1f493d8b241330533cd47f7da758aeb3. A patch should be applied to remediate this issue. The vendor confirms: "We added a check on inflate output size, if it surpasses 32 times the input size we stop in error. This value could be adjusted later."
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/374531 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/374531/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-13523 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/840159 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/issues/3588 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/pull/3589 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/commit/297f2d8d1f493… | patch |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/ | product |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2026-1526 (GCVE-0-2026-1526)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-12 20:08 – Updated: 2026-07-02 12:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
undici is vulnerable to Unbounded Memory Consumption in undici WebSocket permessage-deflate Decompression
Summary
The undici WebSocket client is vulnerable to a denial-of-service attack via unbounded memory consumption during permessage-deflate decompression. When a WebSocket connection negotiates the permessage-deflate extension, the client decompresses incoming compressed frames without enforcing any limit on the decompressed data size. A malicious WebSocket server can send a small compressed frame (a "decompression bomb") that expands to an extremely large size in memory, causing the Node.js process to exhaust available memory and crash or become unresponsive.
The vulnerability exists in the PerMessageDeflate.decompress() method, which accumulates all decompressed chunks in memory and concatenates them into a single Buffer without checking whether the total size exceeds a safe threshold.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
22 references
Impacted products
21 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| undici | undici |
Affected:
< 6.24.0; 7.0.0 < 7.24.0
Unaffected: 6.24.0: 7.24.0 |
|
| Red Hat | Cryostat 4 on RHEL 9 |
cpe:/a:redhat:cryostat:4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v. 10.0) |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10) |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8) |
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.6) |
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) |
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream |
|
| Red Hat | Cluster Observability Operator 1.5.0 |
cpe:/a:redhat:cluster_observability_operator:1.5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Developer Hub 1.8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1.8::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Developer Hub 1.9 |
cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1.9::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.16 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:2.16::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.28 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_devspaces:3.28::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Pipelines 1.2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_pipelines:1.20::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | OpenShift Lightspeed |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_lightspeed |
|
| Red Hat | OpenShift Pipelines |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_pipelines:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Developer Hub |
cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_devspaces:3 |
|
| Red Hat | Self-service automation portal 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_portal:2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack |
cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp |
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No mitigation information available for this CWE.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.