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CWE-367
Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.
CVE-2026-23950 (GCVE-0-2026-23950)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-20 00:40 – Updated: 2026-07-15 01:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
node-tar has Race Condition in Path Reservations via Unicode Ligature Collisions on macOS APFS
Summary
node-tar,a Tar for Node.js, has a race condition vulnerability in versions up to and including 7.5.3. This is due to an incomplete handling of Unicode path collisions in the `path-reservations` system. On case-insensitive or normalization-insensitive filesystems (such as macOS APFS, In which it has been tested), the library fails to lock colliding paths (e.g., `ß` and `ss`), allowing them to be processed in parallel. This bypasses the library's internal concurrency safeguards and permits Symlink Poisoning attacks via race conditions. The library uses a `PathReservations` system to ensure that metadata checks and file operations for the same path are serialized. This prevents race conditions where one entry might clobber another concurrently. This is a Race Condition which enables Arbitrary File Overwrite. This vulnerability affects users and systems using node-tar on macOS (APFS/HFS+). Because of using `NFD` Unicode normalization (in which `ß` and `ss` are different), conflicting paths do not have their order properly preserved under filesystems that ignore Unicode normalization (e.g., APFS (in which `ß` causes an inode collision with `ss`)). This enables an attacker to circumvent internal parallelization locks (`PathReservations`) using conflicting filenames within a malicious tar archive. The patch in version 7.5.4 updates `path-reservations.js` to use a normalization form that matches the target filesystem's behavior (e.g., `NFKD`), followed by first `toLocaleLowerCase('en')` and then `toLocaleUpperCase('en')`. As a workaround, users who cannot upgrade promptly, and who are programmatically using `node-tar` to extract arbitrary tarball data should filter out all `SymbolicLink` entries (as npm does) to defend against arbitrary file writes via this file system entry name collision issue.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
10 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/isaacs/node-tar/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/isaacs/node-tar/commit/3b1abfa… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-23950 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2431036 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… | x_sadp-csaf-vex |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18480 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18868 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6192 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:2926 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:2144 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
41 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| isaacs | node-tar |
Affected:
< 7.5.4
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
Unaffected:
0:2.26-7.el10 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
0:2.26-7.el9 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.27 |
Unaffected:
1774451954 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_devspaces:3.27::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer 1.2 |
Unaffected:
1770739056 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:trusted_artifact_signer:1.2::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer 1.3 |
Unaffected:
1770107452 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:trusted_artifact_signer:1.3::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Confidential Compute Attestation |
cpe:/a:redhat:confidential_compute_attestation:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Cryostat 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:cryostat:4 |
|
| Red Hat | Logging Subsystem for Red Hat OpenShift |
cpe:/a:redhat:logging:5 |
|
| Red Hat | Migration Toolkit for Containers |
cpe:/a:redhat:rhmt:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Multicluster Engine for Kubernetes |
cpe:/a:redhat:multicluster_engine |
|
| Red Hat | Network Observability Operator |
cpe:/a:redhat:network_observ_optr:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Node HealthCheck Operator |
cpe:/a:redhat:workload_availability_nhc:0 |
|
| Red Hat | OpenShift Lightspeed |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_lightspeed |
|
| Red Hat | OpenShift Pipelines |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_pipelines:1 |
|
| Red Hat | OpenShift Serverless |
cpe:/a:redhat:serverless:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat 3scale API Management Platform 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_3scale_amp:2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:acm:2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat AMQ Broker 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:amq_broker:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Apache Camel - HawtIO 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:apache_camel_hawtio:4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Connectivity Link 1 |
cpe:/a:redhat:connectivity_link:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Developer Hub |
cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Fuse 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_fuse:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack |
cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_data_foundation:4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift GitOps |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_gitops:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Process Automation 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_bpms_platform:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Quay 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:quay:3 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Satellite 6 |
cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7 |
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CVE-2026-23988 (GCVE-0-2026-23988)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-22 21:52 – Updated: 2026-01-23 20:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Rufus has Local Privilege Escalation via TOCTOU Race Condition in Fido Script Handling
Summary
Rufus is a utility that helps format and create bootable USB flash drives. Versions 4.11 and below contain a race condition (TOCTOU) in src/net.c during the creation, validation, and execution of the Fido PowerShell script. Since Rufus runs with elevated privileges (Administrator) but writes the script to the %TEMP% directory (writeable by standard users) without locking the file, a local attacker can replace the legitimate script with a malicious one between the file write operation and the execution step. This allows arbitrary code execution with Administrator privileges. This issue has been fixed in version 4.12_BETA.
Severity
7.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/commit/460cc5768… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/tag/v4.… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-24065 (GCVE-0-2026-24065)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 14:50 – Updated: 2026-06-09 15:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Local Privilege Escalation via Insecure XPC Client Validation in Waves Central for macOS
Summary
Waves Central for macOS versions 13.0.9 through 16.5.5 contain a local privilege escalation vulnerability in the privileged helper service. The helper validates connecting XPC clients using the client process identifier (PID) to verify code-signing identity. Because process identifiers can be reused, a local attacker can exploit a race condition between the time a connection request is made and the time the helper performs validation, causing the helper to trust an attacker-controlled process. This allows the attacker to invoke privileged operations, resulting in arbitrary code execution as root. The issue is fixed in version 16.6.2.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://r.sec-consult.com/waves | third-party-advisory |
| https://sec-consult.com/vulnerability-lab/advisor… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Waves Audio Ltd. | Waves Central |
Affected:
13.0.9 , ≤ 16.5.5
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-24067 (GCVE-0-2026-24067)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-10 11:49 – Updated: 2026-06-10 14:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Slate Digital Connect macOS XPC PID validation privilege escalation
Summary
Slate Digital Connect 1.37.0 for macOS installs a privileged helper tool, com.slatedigital.connect.privileged.helper.tool, which exposes the XPC service com.slatedigital.connect.privileged.helper.tool2. The helper validates connecting XPC clients by obtaining the client's process identifier and using it to retrieve code-signing information for the process. This PID-based client validation is subject to a time-of-check time-of-use race condition because process identifiers can be reused. A local attacker can exploit PID reuse so that validation is performed against a trusted process instead of the original connecting process. This allows unauthorized access to privileged helper functionality and may lead to local privilege escalation.
Severity
8.4 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://r.sec-consult.com/slate | third-party-advisory |
| https://sec-consult.com/vulnerability-lab/advisor… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Slate Digital LLC | Slate Digital Connect |
Affected:
1.37.0
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-24071 (GCVE-0-2026-24071)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-02 13:23 – Updated: 2026-02-03 14:42
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
XPC Client Validation via PID leading to Local Privilege Escalation in Native Instruments Native Access
Summary
It was found that the XPC service offered by the privileged helper of Native Access uses the PID of the connecting client to verify its code signature. This is considered insecure and can be exploited by PID reuse attacks. The connection handler function uses _xpc_connection_get_pid(arg2) as argument for the hasValidSignature function. This value can not be trusted since it is vulnerable to PID reuse attacks.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://sec-consult.com/vulnerability-lab/advisor… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Native Instruments | Native Access |
Affected:
verified up to 3.22.0
|
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CVE-2026-24191 (GCVE-0-2026-24191)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-26 17:23 – Updated: 2026-05-27 15:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
NVIDIA Display Driver for Windows contains a vulnerability where an attacker could cause a time-of-check time-of-use issue. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to denial of service, escalation of privileges, information disclosure, data tampering, and code execution.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
Impacted products
13 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NVIDIA | GeForce |
Affected:
All driver versions prior to 596.36
|
|
| NVIDIA | GeForce |
Affected:
All driver versions prior to 582.53 Only GPUs based on the NVIDIA Maxwell, Volta, and Pascal GPU architectures are affected.
|
|
| NVIDIA | NVIDIA RTX, Quadro, NVS |
Affected:
All driver versions prior to 596.36
|
|
| NVIDIA | NVIDIA RTX, Quadro, NVS |
Affected:
All driver versions prior to 582.53
|
|
| NVIDIA | NVIDIA RTX, Quadro, NVS |
Affected:
All driver versions prior to 539.72
|
|
| NVIDIA | Tesla |
Affected:
All driver versions prior to 596.36
|
|
| NVIDIA | Tesla |
Affected:
All driver versions prior to 582.53
|
|
| NVIDIA | Tesla |
Affected:
All driver versions prior to 539.72
|
|
| NVIDIA | Guest driver |
Affected:
595.97(All versions prior to and including vGPU 20.0)
|
|
| NVIDIA | Guest driver |
Affected:
582.16(All versions prior to and including vGPU 19.4)
|
|
| NVIDIA | Guest driver |
Affected:
539.64(All versions prior to and including vGPU 16.13)
|
|
| NVIDIA | Virtual GPU Manager |
Affected:
595.94(All versions prior to and including vGPU 20.0)
|
|
| NVIDIA | Virtual GPU Manager |
Affected:
582.16(All versions prior to and including vGPU 19.4)
|
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CVE-2026-24260 (GCVE-0-2026-24260)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-01 14:34 – Updated: 2026-07-02 03:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
NVIDIA Container Toolkit for Linux contains a vulnerability where an attacker could cause a time-of-check time-of-use race condition. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to code execution, escalation of privileges, and data tampering.
Severity
8.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NVIDIA | Container Toolkit |
Affected:
All versions up to and including 1.19.0
|
|
| NVIDIA | GPU Operator |
Affected:
All versions up to and including 26.3.1
|
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CVE-2026-25052 (GCVE-0-2026-25052)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-04 16:47 – Updated: 2026-02-05 14:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
n8n Improper File Access Controls Allow Arbitrary File Read by Authenticated Users
Summary
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 1.123.18 and 2.5.0, a vulnerability in the file access controls allows authenticated users with permission to create or modify workflows to read sensitive files from the n8n host system. This can be exploited to obtain critical configuration data and user credentials, leading to complete account takeover of any user on the instance. This issue has been patched in versions 1.123.18 and 2.5.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-25260 (GCVE-0-2026-25260)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-01 22:05 – Updated: 2026-06-03 03:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition in DSP Service
Summary
Memory Corruption when accessing shared buffers without validation of concurrent user-mode input modifications.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qualcomm, Inc. | Snapdragon |
Affected:
Cologne
Affected: FastConnect 6900 Affected: FastConnect 7800 Affected: QCA0000 Affected: SC8380XP Affected: WCD9378C Affected: WCD9380 Affected: WCD9385 Affected: WSA8840 Affected: WSA8845 Affected: WSA8845H Affected: X2000077 Affected: X2000086 Affected: X2000090 Affected: X2000092 Affected: X2000094 Affected: XG101002 Affected: XG101032 Affected: XG101039 |
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CVE-2026-25271 (GCVE-0-2026-25271)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-06 20:09 – Updated: 2026-07-07 03:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition in DSP Service
Summary
Memory Corruption when processing asynchronous input parameters due to improper handling of modified values between check and use.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qualcomm, Inc. | Snapdragon |
Affected:
Cologne
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},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.
Mitigation
Phases: Implementation, Architecture and Design
Description:
- If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.
CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links
This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.