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CWE-1321
Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.
CVE-2026-53676 (GCVE-0-2026-53676)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-17 22:53 – Updated: 2026-06-18 12:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
ThingsBoard contains a prototype pollution vulnerability which may lead to arbitrary code execution within a sandboxed context by a user who can log in to the affected product with the tenant administrator privilege (TENANT_ADMIN).
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ThingsBoard | ThingsBoard |
Affected:
prior to v4.3.1.2
|
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CVE-2026-54306 (GCVE-0-2026-54306)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 15:43 – Updated: 2026-06-26 19:29
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
n8n: Prototype Pollution enables confused-deputy execution via public webhooks
Summary
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to 2.25.7 and 2.26.2, a prototype pollution vulnerability allowed a crafted public webhook payload to inject attacker-controlled fields into workflow data during internal object copying. These fields could be surfaced and consumed as normal values by downstream built-in nodes. Where a workflow combines a public webhook with action nodes that consume the resulting fields, an attacker could cause the workflow to act as a confused deputy — targeting unintended records or issuing outbound requests using the workflow owner's configured credentials. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.25.7 and 2.26.2.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-54312 (GCVE-0-2026-54312)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 15:33 – Updated: 2026-06-23 16:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
n8n: Microsoft SQL Node Prototype Pollution
Summary
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to 2.24.0, an authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could achieve global prototype pollution via the Microsoft SQL node by supplying a crafted value as the table parameter. This pollutes Object.prototype process-wide for the lifetime of the n8n server process, causing application-wide validation failures and rendering the n8n instance completely non-functional until restarted. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.24.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-54639 (GCVE-0-2026-54639)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-24 00:17 – Updated: 2026-06-24 13:02
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Style Dictionary - Prototype Pollution in convertTokenData utility function
Summary
Style Dictionary, a build system for creating cross-platform styles, has a prototype pollution vulnerability starting in version 4.3.0 and prior to version 5.4.4. Impact users have: direct usage of `convertTokenData(tokens, { output: 'object' });`; indirect usage, via using Expand API; and/or indirect usage via SD's transform lifecycle. Impact is high for this when style-dictionary is used as an integration in a NodeJS server application. Impact is moderate for when style-dictionary is used as an integration in a Web application. Impact is low for most common cases where the user of style-dictionary also maintains the tokens, and access is limited via read/write access to the repository/workflows where it is used. A patch has been published in version `5.4.4`. The only known workaround is to sanitize token data first. Whether using DTCG format or old Style Dictionary format, check the token data object recursively for any object keys that include `__proto__`.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/style-dictionary/style-diction… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/style-dictionary/style-diction… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/style-dictionary/style-diction… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/style-dictionary/style-diction… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| style-dictionary | style-dictionary |
Affected:
>= 4.3.0, < 5.4.4
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CVE-2026-54756 (GCVE-0-2026-54756)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-01 20:29 – Updated: 2026-07-02 14:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Jodit Editor: Prototype pollution via Jodit.configure() / ConfigMerge
Summary
Jodit Editor is a WYSIWYG editor with written in pure TypeScript file and image editing capabilities. In versions prior to 4.12.18, Jodit.configure(options) — and the internal ConfigMerge / ConfigProto helpers — merged user-supplied options into the editor configuration without filtering prototype-mutating keys, potentially causing a Prototype Pollution vulnerability. A payload nested under an existing plain-object option such as controls could reach and mutate Object.prototype. Applications that pass user-controlled or partially user-controlled configuration into Jodit.configure() may be vulnerable. This issue was fixed in version 4.12.18.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/xdan/jodit/security/advisories… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-55388 (GCVE-0-2026-55388)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 16:50 – Updated: 2026-06-23 15:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
piscina: Prototype Pollution Gadget → RCE via inherited options.filename
Summary
piscina is a node.js worker pool implementation. Prior to 6.0.0-rc.2, 5.2.0, and 4.9.3, piscina's constructor and run() paths read the filename option via plain member access. Both reads fall through the prototype chain when the caller's options object doesn't have filename as an own property. When Object.prototype.filename is polluted upstream the inherited value flows to worker_threads.Worker import and the attacker's .mjs runs in the worker. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.0.0-rc.2, 5.2.0, and 4.9.3.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/piscinajs/piscina/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-55886 (GCVE-0-2026-55886)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-01 20:25 – Updated: 2026-07-02 12:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Jodit Editor: Prototype Pollution in Jodit via Jodit.modules.Helpers.set()
Summary
Jodit Editor is a WYSIWYG editor with written in pure TypeScript file and image editing capabilities. Versions prior to 4.12.26 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution through Jodit.modules.Helpers.set(chain, value, obj), which walks the dot-separated chain, creating and following each path segment without filtering prototype-mutating keys. A chain that begins with (or contains) __proto__, constructor, or prototype lets the final assignment reach and mutate Object.prototype. Applications that pass a user-controlled or partially user-controlled key path into Jodit.modules.Helpers.set() could be vulnerable, causing unexpected property injection, logic bypass, denial of service, or secondary security issues. This issue has been fixed in version 4.12.26.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/xdan/jodit/security/advisories… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-57439 (GCVE-0-2026-57439)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 14:58 – Updated: 2026-07-08 16:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CyberChef: Prototype pollution in Series Chart operation
Summary
CyberChef is a web app for encryption, encoding, compression, and data analysis. Prior to 11.2.0, the Series Chart operation accepts __proto__ as a key while parsing user-supplied CSV, allowing prototype pollution that can be chained with operations such as Parse UDP to inject malicious JavaScript into HTML output. This issue is fixed in version 11.2.0.
Severity
5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/gchq/CyberChef/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/gchq/CyberChef/issues/2568 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/gchq/CyberChef/pull/2569 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/gchq/CyberChef/commit/85db3be5… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/gchq/CyberChef/releases/tag/v11.2.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-59206 (GCVE-0-2026-59206)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-09 15:30 – Updated: 2026-07-09 18:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
n8n: Prototype Pollution via Workflow Credentials Leads to Unauthenticated User and Project Enumeration
Summary
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to 1.123.61, 2.27.4, and, 2.28.1, an authenticated user with the default workflow:create permission could pollute Object.prototype through a crafted workflow saved, updated, or imported via the workflow API, allowing unauthenticated requests to be treated as a privileged user and exposing user and project listing endpoints. This issue is fixed in versions 1.123.61, 2.27.4, and 2.28.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n%402.27.4 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n%402.28.1 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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"description": "CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes (\u0027Prototype Pollution\u0027)",
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"type": "CWE"
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"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-75qm-gp28-rcq9"
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"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n%402.27.4"
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"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-75qm-gp28-rcq9",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "n8n: Prototype Pollution via Workflow Credentials Leads to Unauthenticated User and Project Enumeration"
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"dateReserved": "2026-07-02T21:05:02.924Z",
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CVE-2026-59876 (GCVE-0-2026-59876)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 15:31 – Updated: 2026-07-09 14:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
protobufjs: Text Format string map parsing can mutate returned map object prototype
Summary
protobufjs compiles protobuf definitions into JavaScript (JS) functions. From 8.2.0 until 8.6.5, the protobufjs Text Format extension parsed string-keyed map entries using ordinary property assignment, allowing a map entry with key __proto__ to change the prototype of the returned map object instead of creating an own map entry in protobufjs/ext/textformat. This issue is fixed in version 8.6.5.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/securit… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/pull/2335 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/commit/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/release… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| protobufjs | protobuf.js |
Affected:
>= 8.2.0, < 8.6.5
|
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"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 4.8,
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"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
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"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
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"url": "https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/commit/9f97fe413072d3beb52c74e62d88ea8adc9444d8"
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"name": "https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/releases/tag/protobufjs-v8.6.5",
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Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- By freezing the object prototype first (for example, Object.freeze(Object.prototype)), modification of the prototype becomes impossible.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- By blocking modifications of attributes that resolve to object prototype, such as proto or prototype, this weakness can be mitigated.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- When handling untrusted objects, validating using a schema can be used.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- By using an object without prototypes (via Object.create(null) ), adding object prototype attributes by accessing the prototype via the special attributes becomes impossible, mitigating this weakness.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Map can be used instead of objects in most cases. If Map methods are used instead of object attributes, it is not possible to access the object prototype or modify it.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-180: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels
An attacker exploits a weakness in the configuration of access controls and is able to bypass the intended protection that these measures guard against and thereby obtain unauthorized access to the system or network. Sensitive functionality should always be protected with access controls. However configuring all but the most trivial access control systems can be very complicated and there are many opportunities for mistakes. If an attacker can learn of incorrectly configured access security settings, they may be able to exploit this in an attack.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.