Common Weakness Enumeration
Show details on NVD website
Show details on NVD website
Show details on NVD website
Show details on NVD website
Show details on NVD website
Show details on NVD website
Show details on NVD website
Show details on NVD website
Show details on NVD website
Show details on NVD website
Back to CWE stats page
CWE-125
Out-of-bounds Read
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
CVE-2023-48638 (GCVE-0-2023-48638)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-12-13 13:46 – Updated: 2024-08-02 21:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Adobe Substance 3D Designer 13.0.2 build 6942 Vulnerability III
Summary
Adobe Substance 3D Designer versions 13.0.0 (and earlier) and 13.1.0 (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read (CWE-125)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/substan… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adobe | Substance3D - Designer |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 13.0.0
(semver)
|
Date Public
2023-12-12 17:00
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T21:37:53.591Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/substance3d_designer/apsb23-76.html"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Substance3D - Designer",
"vendor": "Adobe",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "13.0.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"datePublic": "2023-12-12T17:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Adobe Substance 3D Designer versions 13.0.0 (and earlier) and 13.1.0 (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"baseScore": 5.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"environmentalScore": 5.5,
"environmentalSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"exploitCodeMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackComplexity": "LOW",
"modifiedAttackVector": "LOCAL",
"modifiedAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"modifiedConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"modifiedIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NONE",
"modifiedScope": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedUserInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"remediationLevel": "NOT_DEFINED",
"reportConfidence": "NOT_DEFINED",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"temporalScore": 5.5,
"temporalSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-125",
"description": "Out-of-bounds Read (CWE-125)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2023-12-13T13:46:07.130Z",
"orgId": "078d4453-3bcd-4900-85e6-15281da43538",
"shortName": "adobe"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/substance3d_designer/apsb23-76.html"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "Adobe Substance 3D Designer 13.0.2 build 6942 Vulnerability III"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "078d4453-3bcd-4900-85e6-15281da43538",
"assignerShortName": "adobe",
"cveId": "CVE-2023-48638",
"datePublished": "2023-12-13T13:46:07.130Z",
"dateReserved": "2023-11-16T23:29:25.407Z",
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T21:37:53.591Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2023-49118 (GCVE-0-2023-49118)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-02-02 06:18 – Updated: 2024-08-02 21:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Dsoftbus has an out-of-bounds read vulnerability
Summary
in OpenHarmony v3.2.4 and prior versions allow a local attacker causes information leak through out-of-bounds Read.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OpenHarmony | OpenHarmony |
Affected:
v3.2.0 , ≤ v3.2.4
(custom)
|
|
| openharmony | openharmony |
Affected:
3.2.0 , ≤ 3.2.4
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:openharmony:openharmony:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:* |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"affected": [
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:openharmony:openharmony:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "openharmony",
"vendor": "openharmony",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "3.2.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2.0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2023-49118",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2024-06-25T14:18:59.526838Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-06-25T14:21:33.656Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
},
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T21:46:29.149Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://gitee.com/openharmony/security/blob/master/zh/security-disclosure/2024/2024-02.md"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "OpenHarmony",
"vendor": "OpenHarmony",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "v3.2.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "v3.2.0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\n\nin OpenHarmony v3.2.4 and prior versions allow a local attacker causes information leak through out-of-bounds Read.\n\n"
}
],
"value": "\nin OpenHarmony v3.2.4 and prior versions allow a local attacker causes information leak through out-of-bounds Read.\n\n"
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 2.9,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-125",
"description": "CWE-125 Out-of-bounds Read",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-02-02T06:18:45.256Z",
"orgId": "0cf5dd6e-1214-4398-a481-30441e48fafd",
"shortName": "OpenHarmony"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://gitee.com/openharmony/security/blob/master/zh/security-disclosure/2024/2024-02.md"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Dsoftbus has an out-of-bounds read vulnerability",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.1.0-dev"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "0cf5dd6e-1214-4398-a481-30441e48fafd",
"assignerShortName": "OpenHarmony",
"cveId": "CVE-2023-49118",
"datePublished": "2024-02-02T06:18:45.256Z",
"dateReserved": "2023-11-28T02:39:39.384Z",
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T21:46:29.149Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2023-49124 (GCVE-0-2023-49124)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-09 09:59 – Updated: 2025-08-27 20:48
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in Solid Edge SE2023 (All versions < V223.0 Update 10). The affected applications contain an out of bounds read past the end of an allocated structure while parsing specially crafted PAR files. This could allow an attacker to execute code in the context of the current process.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Siemens | Solid Edge SE2023 |
Affected:
All versions < V223.0 Update 10
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T21:46:29.194Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-589891.pdf"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2023-49124",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2024-01-23T05:01:36.923296Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-27T20:48:58.792Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "Solid Edge SE2023",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V223.0 Update 10"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability has been identified in Solid Edge SE2023 (All versions \u003c V223.0 Update 10). The affected applications contain an out of bounds read past the end of an allocated structure while parsing specially crafted PAR files. This could allow an attacker to execute code in the context of the current process."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:O/RC:C",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-125",
"description": "CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-01-09T09:59:56.361Z",
"orgId": "cec7a2ec-15b4-4faf-bd53-b40f371f3a77",
"shortName": "siemens"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-589891.pdf"
}
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "cec7a2ec-15b4-4faf-bd53-b40f371f3a77",
"assignerShortName": "siemens",
"cveId": "CVE-2023-49124",
"datePublished": "2024-01-09T09:59:56.361Z",
"dateReserved": "2023-11-22T14:43:13.524Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-27T20:48:58.792Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2023-49125 (GCVE-0-2023-49125)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-02-13 08:59 – Updated: 2025-05-07 21:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in Parasolid V35.0 (All versions < V35.0.263), Parasolid V35.1 (All versions < V35.1.252), Parasolid V36.0 (All versions < V36.0.198), Solid Edge SE2023 (All versions < V223.0 Update 11), Solid Edge SE2024 (All versions < V224.0 Update 3). The affected applications contain an out of bounds read past the end of an allocated structure while parsing specially crafted files containing XT format. This could allow an attacker to execute code in the context of the current process.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Siemens | Parasolid V35.0 |
Affected:
0 , < V35.0.263
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | Parasolid V35.1 |
Affected:
0 , < V35.1.252
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | Parasolid V36.0 |
Affected:
0 , < V36.0.198
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | Solid Edge SE2023 |
Affected:
0 , < V223.0 Update 11
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | Solid Edge SE2024 |
Affected:
0 , < V224.0 Update 3
(custom)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T21:46:29.325Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-797296.html"
},
{
"tags": [
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-382651.html"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2023-49125",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2024-02-13T15:41:44.834147Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-05-07T21:13:43.727Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "Parasolid V35.0",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "V35.0.263",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "Parasolid V35.1",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "V35.1.252",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "Parasolid V36.0",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "V36.0.198",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "Solid Edge SE2023",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "V223.0 Update 11",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "Solid Edge SE2024",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "V224.0 Update 3",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability has been identified in Parasolid V35.0 (All versions \u003c V35.0.263), Parasolid V35.1 (All versions \u003c V35.1.252), Parasolid V36.0 (All versions \u003c V36.0.198), Solid Edge SE2023 (All versions \u003c V223.0 Update 11), Solid Edge SE2024 (All versions \u003c V224.0 Update 3). The affected applications contain an out of bounds read past the end of an allocated structure while parsing specially crafted files containing XT format. This could allow an attacker to execute code in the context of the current process."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-125",
"description": "CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-05-15T07:23:49.243Z",
"orgId": "cec7a2ec-15b4-4faf-bd53-b40f371f3a77",
"shortName": "siemens"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-797296.html"
},
{
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-382651.html"
}
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "cec7a2ec-15b4-4faf-bd53-b40f371f3a77",
"assignerShortName": "siemens",
"cveId": "CVE-2023-49125",
"datePublished": "2024-02-13T08:59:57.813Z",
"dateReserved": "2023-11-22T14:43:13.524Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-05-07T21:13:43.727Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2023-49126 (GCVE-0-2023-49126)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-09 09:59 – Updated: 2025-08-27 20:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in Solid Edge SE2023 (All versions < V223.0 Update 10). The affected applications contain an out of bounds read past the end of an allocated structure while parsing specially crafted PAR files. This could allow an attacker to execute code in the context of the current process.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Siemens | Solid Edge SE2023 |
Affected:
All versions < V223.0 Update 10
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T21:46:29.128Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-589891.pdf"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2023-49126",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2024-01-23T05:01:37.613757Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-27T20:49:34.090Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "Solid Edge SE2023",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V223.0 Update 10"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability has been identified in Solid Edge SE2023 (All versions \u003c V223.0 Update 10). The affected applications contain an out of bounds read past the end of an allocated structure while parsing specially crafted PAR files. This could allow an attacker to execute code in the context of the current process."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:O/RC:C",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-125",
"description": "CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-01-09T09:59:57.599Z",
"orgId": "cec7a2ec-15b4-4faf-bd53-b40f371f3a77",
"shortName": "siemens"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-589891.pdf"
}
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "cec7a2ec-15b4-4faf-bd53-b40f371f3a77",
"assignerShortName": "siemens",
"cveId": "CVE-2023-49126",
"datePublished": "2024-01-09T09:59:57.599Z",
"dateReserved": "2023-11-22T14:50:33.102Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-27T20:49:34.090Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2023-49127 (GCVE-0-2023-49127)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-09 09:59 – Updated: 2025-08-27 20:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in Solid Edge SE2023 (All versions < V223.0 Update 10). The affected applications contain an out of bounds read past the end of an allocated structure while parsing specially crafted PAR files. This could allow an attacker to execute code in the context of the current process.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Siemens | Solid Edge SE2023 |
Affected:
All versions < V223.0 Update 10
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T21:46:29.207Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-589891.pdf"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2023-49127",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2024-01-23T05:01:38.331921Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-27T20:52:54.620Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "Solid Edge SE2023",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V223.0 Update 10"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability has been identified in Solid Edge SE2023 (All versions \u003c V223.0 Update 10). The affected applications contain an out of bounds read past the end of an allocated structure while parsing specially crafted PAR files. This could allow an attacker to execute code in the context of the current process."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:O/RC:C",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-125",
"description": "CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-01-09T09:59:58.842Z",
"orgId": "cec7a2ec-15b4-4faf-bd53-b40f371f3a77",
"shortName": "siemens"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-589891.pdf"
}
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "cec7a2ec-15b4-4faf-bd53-b40f371f3a77",
"assignerShortName": "siemens",
"cveId": "CVE-2023-49127",
"datePublished": "2024-01-09T09:59:58.842Z",
"dateReserved": "2023-11-22T14:50:33.103Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-27T20:52:54.620Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2023-49144 (GCVE-0-2023-49144)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-14 13:45 – Updated: 2024-08-16 17:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Out of bounds read in OpenBMC Firmware for some Intel(R) Server Platforms before versions egs-1.15-0, bhs-0.27 may allow a privileged user to potentially enable information disclosure via local access.
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- information disclosure
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds read
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | Intel(R) Server Platforms |
Affected:
before versions egs-1.15-0, bhs-0.27
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2023-49144",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2024-08-16T17:05:55.494459Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-16T17:06:08.236Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Intel(R) Server Platforms",
"vendor": "n/a",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "before versions egs-1.15-0, bhs-0.27"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Out of bounds read in OpenBMC Firmware for some Intel(R) Server Platforms before versions egs-1.15-0, bhs-0.27 may allow a privileged user to potentially enable information disclosure via local access."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 6.7,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"baseScore": 8.1,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"description": "information disclosure",
"lang": "en"
},
{
"cweId": "CWE-125",
"description": "Out-of-bounds read",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-14T13:45:32.690Z",
"orgId": "6dda929c-bb53-4a77-a76d-48e79601a1ce",
"shortName": "intel"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01078.html",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01078.html"
}
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "6dda929c-bb53-4a77-a76d-48e79601a1ce",
"assignerShortName": "intel",
"cveId": "CVE-2023-49144",
"datePublished": "2024-08-14T13:45:32.690Z",
"dateReserved": "2023-11-30T04:00:18.154Z",
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-16T17:06:08.236Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2023-49602 (GCVE-0-2023-49602)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-04 06:19 – Updated: 2024-08-12 13:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Arkui has a type confusion vulnerability
Summary
in OpenHarmony v3.2.4 and prior versions allow a local attacker cause apps crash through type confusion.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OpenHarmony | OpenHarmony |
Affected:
v3.2.0 , ≤ v3.2.4
(custom)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T22:01:25.616Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://gitee.com/openharmony/security/blob/master/zh/security-disclosure/2024/2024-03.md"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2023-49602",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2024-08-12T13:41:39.162823Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-12T13:41:57.262Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "OpenHarmony",
"vendor": "OpenHarmony",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "v3.2.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "v3.2.0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "in OpenHarmony v3.2.4 and prior versions allow a local attacker cause apps crash through type confusion."
}
],
"value": "in OpenHarmony v3.2.4 and prior versions allow a local attacker cause apps crash through type confusion."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "LOW",
"baseScore": 2.9,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-843",
"description": "CWE-843 Access of Resource Using Incompatible Type (\u0027Type Confusion\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-125",
"description": "CWE-125 Out-of-bounds Read",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-03-04T06:19:09.503Z",
"orgId": "0cf5dd6e-1214-4398-a481-30441e48fafd",
"shortName": "OpenHarmony"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://gitee.com/openharmony/security/blob/master/zh/security-disclosure/2024/2024-03.md"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Arkui has a type confusion vulnerability",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.1.0-dev"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "0cf5dd6e-1214-4398-a481-30441e48fafd",
"assignerShortName": "OpenHarmony",
"cveId": "CVE-2023-49602",
"datePublished": "2024-03-04T06:19:09.503Z",
"dateReserved": "2023-11-28T02:07:56.574Z",
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-12T13:41:57.262Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2023-50194 (GCVE-0-2023-50194)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-03 02:14 – Updated: 2024-08-02 22:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Trimble SketchUp Viewer SKP File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Trimble SketchUp Viewer SKP File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Trimble SketchUp Viewer. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of SKP files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-21788.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-… | x_research-advisory |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Trimble | SketchUp Viewer |
Affected:
22.0.354
|
|
| trimble | sketchup_viewer |
Affected:
22.0.354
cpe:2.3:a:trimble:sketchup_viewer:22.0.354:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2023-12-20 20:57
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"affected": [
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:trimble:sketchup_viewer:22.0.354:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "sketchup_viewer",
"vendor": "trimble",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "22.0.354"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2023-50194",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2024-05-06T13:17:37.769697Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-06-04T17:18:01.277Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
},
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T22:09:49.799Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "ZDI-23-1844",
"tags": [
"x_research-advisory",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-1844/"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "SketchUp Viewer",
"vendor": "Trimble",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "22.0.354"
}
]
}
],
"dateAssigned": "2023-12-05T19:37:59.522Z",
"datePublic": "2023-12-20T20:57:13.630Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Trimble SketchUp Viewer SKP File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Trimble SketchUp Viewer. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. \n\nThe specific flaw exists within the parsing of SKP files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-21788."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.0"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-125",
"description": "CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-05-03T02:14:20.113Z",
"orgId": "99f1926a-a320-47d8-bbb5-42feb611262e",
"shortName": "zdi"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "ZDI-23-1844",
"tags": [
"x_research-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-1844/"
}
],
"source": {
"lang": "en",
"value": "Mat Powell of Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative"
},
"title": "Trimble SketchUp Viewer SKP File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "99f1926a-a320-47d8-bbb5-42feb611262e",
"assignerShortName": "zdi",
"cveId": "CVE-2023-50194",
"datePublished": "2024-05-03T02:14:20.113Z",
"dateReserved": "2023-12-05T16:15:17.538Z",
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T22:09:49.799Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2023-50195 (GCVE-0-2023-50195)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-03 02:14 – Updated: 2024-08-02 22:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Trimble SketchUp Viewer SKP File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Trimble SketchUp Viewer SKP File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Trimble SketchUp Viewer. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of SKP files.
The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-21799.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-… | x_research-advisory |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Trimble | SketchUp Viewer |
Affected:
22.0.354
|
|
| trimble | sketchup_viewer |
Affected:
22.0.354
cpe:2.3:a:trimble:sketchup_viewer:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2023-12-20 20:57
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"affected": [
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:trimble:sketchup_viewer:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "sketchup_viewer",
"vendor": "trimble",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "22.0.354"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2023-50195",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2024-05-03T16:29:49.605591Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-06-04T17:18:08.234Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
},
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T22:09:49.816Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "ZDI-23-1845",
"tags": [
"x_research-advisory",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-1845/"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "SketchUp Viewer",
"vendor": "Trimble",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "22.0.354"
}
]
}
],
"dateAssigned": "2023-12-05T19:37:59.527Z",
"datePublic": "2023-12-20T20:57:22.157Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Trimble SketchUp Viewer SKP File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Trimble SketchUp Viewer. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the parsing of SKP files.\nThe issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-21799."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.0"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-125",
"description": "CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-05-03T02:14:20.872Z",
"orgId": "99f1926a-a320-47d8-bbb5-42feb611262e",
"shortName": "zdi"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "ZDI-23-1845",
"tags": [
"x_research-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-1845/"
}
],
"source": {
"lang": "en",
"value": "Mat Powell of Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative"
},
"title": "Trimble SketchUp Viewer SKP File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "99f1926a-a320-47d8-bbb5-42feb611262e",
"assignerShortName": "zdi",
"cveId": "CVE-2023-50195",
"datePublished": "2024-05-03T02:14:20.872Z",
"dateReserved": "2023-12-05T16:15:17.538Z",
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T22:09:49.816Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Language Selection
Description:
- Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers
An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.