CWE-120
Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
The product copies an input buffer to an output buffer without verifying that the size of the input buffer is less than the size of the output buffer.
CVE-2021-21903 (GCVE-0-2021-21903)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-12-22 18:06 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:30
VLAI
Summary
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the CMA check_udp_crc function of Garrett Metal Detectors’ iC Module CMA Version 5.0. A specially-crafted packet can lead to a stack-based buffer overflow during a call to strcpy. An attacker can send a malicious packet to trigger this vulnerability.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_repor… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | Garrett Metal Detectors |
Affected:
Garrett Metal Detectors iC Module CMA Version 5.0
|
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CVE-2021-21939 (GCVE-0-2021-21939)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-04-14 19:55 – Updated: 2025-04-15 19:09
VLAI
Summary
A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the XWD parser functionality of Accusoft ImageGear 19.10. A specially-crafted file can lead to code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_repor… | x_refsource_MISC |
Date Public
2022-02-23 00:00
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CVE-2021-21967 (GCVE-0-2021-21967)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-04-14 19:56 – Updated: 2025-04-15 19:08
VLAI
Summary
An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the OTA update task functionality of Sealevel Systems, Inc. SeaConnect 370W v1.3.34. A specially-crafted MQTT payload can lead to denial of service. An attacker can perform a man-in-the-middle attack to trigger this vulnerability.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_repor… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sealevel Systems, Inc. | SeaConnect 370W |
Affected:
v1.3.34
|
Date Public
2022-02-01 00:00
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CVE-2021-21969 (GCVE-0-2021-21969)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-02-04 22:29 – Updated: 2025-04-15 19:11
VLAI
Summary
An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the HandleSeaCloudMessage functionality of Sealevel Systems, Inc. SeaConnect 370W v1.3.34. The HandleIncomingSeaCloudMessage function uses at [4] the json_object_get_string to populate the p_payload global variable. The p_payload is only 0x100 bytes long, and the total MQTT message could be up to 0x201 bytes. Because the function json_object_get_string will fill str based on the length of the json’s value and not the actual str size, this would result in a possible out-of-bounds write.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_repor… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2021-21970 (GCVE-0-2021-21970)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-02-04 22:29 – Updated: 2025-04-15 19:11
VLAI
Summary
An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the HandleSeaCloudMessage functionality of Sealevel Systems, Inc. SeaConnect 370W v1.3.34. The HandleIncomingSeaCloudMessage function uses at [3] the json_object_get_string to populate the p_name global variable. The p_name is only 0x80 bytes long, and the total MQTT message could be up to 0x201 bytes. Because the function json_object_get_string will fill str based on the length of the json’s value and not the actual str size, this would result in a possible out-of-bounds write.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_repor… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2021-22275 (GCVE-0-2021-22275)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-05-13 14:23 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:37
VLAI
Title
Denial of service vulnerability on Automation Runtime webserver
Summary
Buffer Overflow vulnerability in B&R Automation Runtime webserver allows an unauthenticated network-based attacker to stop the cyclic program on the device and cause a denial of service.
Severity
8.6 (High)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Overflow
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.br-automation.com/downloads_br_produc… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| B&R Automation | Automation Runtime webserver |
Affected:
unspecified , < 4.91
(custom)
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CVE-2021-22547 (GCVE-0-2021-22547)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-05-04 13:05 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:44
VLAI
Title
Buffer overrun in Google Cloud IoT Device SDK for Embedded C
Summary
In IoT Devices SDK, there is an implementation of calloc() that doesn't have a length check. An attacker could pass in memory objects larger than the buffer and wrap around to have a smaller buffer than required, allowing the attacker access to the other parts of the heap. We recommend upgrading the Google Cloud IoT Device SDK for Embedded C used to 1.0.3 or greater.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Overflow
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/iot-device… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/iot-device… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Google LLC | Google Cloud IoT Device SDK for Embedded C |
Affected:
unspecified , ≤ 1.0.2
(custom)
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CVE-2021-22659 (GCVE-0-2021-22659)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-03-25 15:59 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:51
VLAI
Summary
Rockwell Automation MicroLogix 1400 Version 21.6 and below may allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to send a specially crafted Modbus packet allowing the attacker to retrieve or modify random values in the register. If successfully exploited, this may lead to a buffer overflow resulting in a denial-of-service condition. The FAULT LED will flash RED and communications may be lost. Recovery from denial-of-service condition requires the fault to be cleared by the user.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-120 - CLASSIC BUFFER OVERFLOW CWE-120
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-21-033-01 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://rockwellautomation.custhelp.com/app/answe… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | Rockwell Automation MicroLogix 1400 |
Affected:
MicroLogix 1400, All series Version 21.6 and below
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CVE-2021-22802 (GCVE-0-2021-22802)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-02-11 17:40 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:51
VLAI
Summary
A CWE-120: Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input vulnerability exists that could result in remote code execution due to missing length check on user supplied data, when a constructed message is received on the network. Affected Product: Interactive Graphical SCADA System Data Collector (dc.exe) (V15.0.0.21243 and prior)
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://download.schneider-electric.com/files?p_D… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | Interactive Graphical SCADA System Data Collector (dc.exe) (V15.0.0.21243 and prior) |
Affected:
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CVE-2021-22824 (GCVE-0-2021-22824)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-02-11 17:40 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:51
VLAI
Summary
A CWE-120: Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input vulnerability exists that could result in denial of service, due to missing length check on user-supplied data from a constructed message received on the network. Affected Product: Interactive Graphical SCADA System Data Collector (dc.exe) (V15.0.0.21320 and prior)
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://download.schneider-electric.com/files?p_D… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | Interactive Graphical SCADA System Data Collector (dc.exe) (V15.0.0.21320 and prior) |
Affected:
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Mitigation ID: MIT-3
Phase: Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
Description:
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation ID: MIT-4.1
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation ID: MIT-10
Phases: Operation, Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation ID: MIT-9
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that your buffer is as large as you specify.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation ID: MIT-11
Phases: Operation, Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation ID: MIT-12
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation
Phases: Build and Compilation, Operation
Description:
- Most mitigating technologies at the compiler or OS level to date address only a subset of buffer overflow problems and rarely provide complete protection against even that subset. It is good practice to implement strategies to increase the workload of an attacker, such as leaving the attacker to guess an unknown value that changes every program execution.
Mitigation ID: MIT-13
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Mitigation ID: MIT-21
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
Description:
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation ID: MIT-17
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation ID: MIT-22
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Description:
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-10: Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables
This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the adversary finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.
CAPEC-100: Overflow Buffers
Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an adversary. As a consequence, an adversary is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the adversaries' choice.
CAPEC-14: Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow
This type of attack exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in targeted client software through injection of malicious content from a custom-built hostile service. This hostile service is created to deliver the correct content to the client software. For example, if the client-side application is a browser, the service will host a webpage that the browser loads.
CAPEC-24: Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow
In this attack, the idea is to cause an active filter to fail by causing an oversized transaction. An attacker may try to feed overly long input strings to the program in an attempt to overwhelm the filter (by causing a buffer overflow) and hoping that the filter does not fail securely (i.e. the user input is let into the system unfiltered).
CAPEC-42: MIME Conversion
An attacker exploits a weakness in the MIME conversion routine to cause a buffer overflow and gain control over the mail server machine. The MIME system is designed to allow various different information formats to be interpreted and sent via e-mail. Attack points exist when data are converted to MIME compatible format and back.
CAPEC-44: Overflow Binary Resource File
An attack of this type exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in the handling of binary resources. Binary resources may include music files like MP3, image files like JPEG files, and any other binary file. These attacks may pass unnoticed to the client machine through normal usage of files, such as a browser loading a seemingly innocent JPEG file. This can allow the adversary access to the execution stack and execute arbitrary code in the target process.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-46: Overflow Variables and Tags
This type of attack leverages the use of tags or variables from a formatted configuration data to cause buffer overflow. The adversary crafts a malicious HTML page or configuration file that includes oversized strings, thus causing an overflow.
CAPEC-47: Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion
In this attack, the target software is given input that the adversary knows will be modified and expanded in size during processing. This attack relies on the target software failing to anticipate that the expanded data may exceed some internal limit, thereby creating a buffer overflow.
CAPEC-67: String Format Overflow in syslog()
This attack targets applications and software that uses the syslog() function insecurely. If an application does not explicitely use a format string parameter in a call to syslog(), user input can be placed in the format string parameter leading to a format string injection attack. Adversaries can then inject malicious format string commands into the function call leading to a buffer overflow. There are many reported software vulnerabilities with the root cause being a misuse of the syslog() function.
CAPEC-8: Buffer Overflow in an API Call
This attack targets libraries or shared code modules which are vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks. An adversary who has knowledge of known vulnerable libraries or shared code can easily target software that makes use of these libraries. All clients that make use of the code library thus become vulnerable by association. This has a very broad effect on security across a system, usually affecting more than one software process.
CAPEC-9: Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities
This attack targets command-line utilities available in a number of shells. An adversary can leverage a vulnerability found in a command-line utility to escalate privilege to root.
CAPEC-92: Forced Integer Overflow
This attack forces an integer variable to go out of range. The integer variable is often used as an offset such as size of memory allocation or similarly. The attacker would typically control the value of such variable and try to get it out of range. For instance the integer in question is incremented past the maximum possible value, it may wrap to become a very small, or negative number, therefore providing a very incorrect value which can lead to unexpected behavior. At worst the attacker can execute arbitrary code.