CWE-120
Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
The product copies an input buffer to an output buffer without verifying that the size of the input buffer is less than the size of the output buffer.
CVE-2021-0249 (GCVE-0-2021-0249)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-04-22 19:37 – Updated: 2024-09-16 22:02
VLAI
Title
Junos OS: SRX Series: A remote attacker may be able to cause a PFE buffer overflow to arbitrarily remotely execute code or commands on the target device with UTM enabled.
Summary
On SRX Series devices configured with UTM services a buffer overflow vulnerability in the Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE) of Juniper Networks Junos OS may allow an attacker to arbitrarily execute code or commands on the target to take over or otherwise impact the device by sending crafted packets to or through the device. This issue affects: Juniper Networks Junos OS on SRX Series: 15.1X49 versions prior to 15.1X49-D190; 17.4 versions prior to 17.4R2-S9; 17.4R3 and later versions prior to 18.1R3-S9; 18.2 versions prior to 18.2R3-S1; 18.3 versions prior to 18.3R2-S3, 18.3R3; 18.4 versions prior to 18.4R2-S3, 18.4R3; 19.1 versions prior to 19.1R1-S4, 19.1R2; 19.2 versions prior to 19.2R1-S1, 19.2R2. An indicator of compromise can be the following text in the UTM log: RT_UTM: AV_FILE_NOT_SCANNED_PASSED_MT:
Severity
8.1 (High)
CWE
- Remote Code Execution
- Remote Command Execution
- Local Code Execution
- Local Command Execution
- CWE-120 - Buffer Overflow
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://kb.juniper.net/JSA11142 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Juniper Networks | Junos OS |
Affected:
15.1X49 , < 15.1X49-D190
(custom)
Affected: 17.4 , < 17.4R2-S9 (custom) Affected: 18.1 , < 18.1R3-S9 (custom) Affected: 18.2 , < 18.2R3-S1 (custom) Affected: 18.3 , < 18.3R2-S3, 18.3R3 (custom) Affected: 18.4 , < 18.4R2-S3, 18.4R3 (custom) Affected: 19.1 , < 19.1R1-S4, 19.1R2 (custom) Affected: 19.2 , < 19.2R1-S1, 19.2R2 (custom) |
Date Public
2021-04-14 00:00
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CVE-2021-0268 (GCVE-0-2021-0268)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-04-22 19:37 – Updated: 2024-09-17 01:36
VLAI
Title
Junos OS: J-Web has an Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in its HTTP Headers which allows an attacker to carry out multiple types of attacks.
Summary
An Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Response Splitting') weakness in J-web of Juniper Networks Junos OS leads to buffer overflows, segment faults, or other impacts, which allows an attacker to modify the integrity of the device and exfiltration information from the device without authentication. The weakness can be exploited to facilitate cross-site scripting (XSS), cookie manipulation (modifying session cookies, stealing cookies) and more. This weakness can also be exploited by directing a user to a seemingly legitimate link from the affected site. The attacker requires no special access or permissions to the device to carry out such attacks. This issue affects: Juniper Networks Junos OS: 18.1 versions prior to 18.1R3-S11; 18.2 versions prior to 18.2R3-S5; 18.3 versions prior to 18.3R2-S4, 18.3R3-S3; 18.4 versions prior to 18.4R2-S5, 18.4R3-S3; 19.1 versions prior to 19.1R2-S2, 19.1R3-S2; 19.2 versions prior to 19.2R1-S5, 19.2R2; 19.3 versions prior to 19.3R3; 19.4 versions prior to 19.4R1-S3, 19.4R2, 19.4R3; 20.1 versions prior to 20.1R1-S2, 20.1R2. This issue does not affect Juniper Networks Junos OS versions prior to 18.1R1.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://kb.juniper.net/JSA11159 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Juniper Networks | Junos OS |
Unaffected:
unspecified , < 18.1R1
(custom)
Affected: 18.1 , < 18.1R3-S11 (custom) Affected: 18.2 , < 18.2R3-S5 (custom) Affected: 18.3 , < 18.3R2-S4, 18.3R3-S3 (custom) Affected: 18.4 , < 18.4R2-S5, 18.4R3-S3 (custom) Affected: 19.1 , < 19.1R2-S2, 19.1R3-S2 (custom) Affected: 19.2 , < 19.2R1-S5, 19.2R2 (custom) Affected: 19.3 , < 19.3R3 (custom) Affected: 19.4 , < 19.4R1-S3, 19.4R2, 19.4R3 (custom) Affected: 20.1 , < 20.1R1-S2, 20.1R2 (custom) |
Date Public
2021-04-14 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2021-0283 (GCVE-0-2021-0283)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-07-15 20:00 – Updated: 2024-09-17 03:33
VLAI
Title
Junos OS: Upon receipt of specific sequences of genuine packets destined to the device the kernel will crash and restart (vmcore)
Summary
A buffer overflow vulnerability in the TCP/IP stack of Juniper Networks Junos OS allows an attacker to send specific sequences of packets to the device thereby causing a Denial of Service (DoS). By repeatedly sending these sequences of packets to the device, an attacker can sustain the Denial of Service (DoS) condition. The device will abnormally shut down as a result of these sent packets. A potential indicator of compromise will be the following message in the log files: "eventd[13955]: SYSTEM_ABNORMAL_SHUTDOWN: System abnormally shut down" These issue are only triggered by traffic destined to the device. Transit traffic will not trigger these issues. This issue affects: Juniper Networks Junos OS 12.3 versions prior to 12.3R12-S19; 15.1 versions prior to 15.1R7-S10; 16.1 version 16.1R1 and later versions; 16.2 version 16.2R1 and later versions; 17.1 version 17.1R1 and later versions; 17.2 version 17.2R1 and later versions; 17.3 versions prior to 17.3R3-S12; 17.4 version 17.4R1 and later versions; 18.1 versions prior to 18.1R3-S13; 18.2 version 18.2R1 and later versions; 18.3 versions prior to 18.3R3-S5; 18.4 versions prior to 18.4R2-S9, 18.4R3-S9; 19.1 versions prior to 19.1R3-S6; 19.2 versions prior to 19.2R1-S7, 19.2R3-S3; 19.3 versions prior to 19.3R2-S7, 19.3R3-S3; 19.4 versions prior to 19.4R3-S5; 20.1 versions prior to 20.1R2-S2, 20.1R3-S1; 20.2 versions prior to 20.2R3-S2; 20.3 versions prior to 20.3R3; 20.4 versions prior to 20.4R2-S1, 20.4R3; 21.1 versions prior to 21.1R1-S1, 21.1R2; 21.2 versions prior to 21.2R1-S1, 21.2R2.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Overflow
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://kb.juniper.net/JSA11200 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Juniper Networks | Junos OS |
Affected:
12.3 , < 12.3R12-S19
(custom)
Affected: 15.1 , < 15.1R7-S10 (custom) Affected: 16.1R1 , < 16.1* (custom) Affected: 16.2R1 , < 16.2* (custom) Affected: 17.1R1 , < 17.1* (custom) Affected: 17.2R1 , < 17.2* (custom) Affected: 17.3 , < 17.3R3-S12 (custom) Affected: 17.4R1 , < 17.4* (custom) Affected: 18.1 , < 18.1R3-S13 (custom) Affected: 18.2R1 , < 18.2* (custom) Affected: 18.3 , < 18.3R3-S5 (custom) Affected: 18.4 , < 18.4R2-S9, 18.4R3-S9 (custom) Affected: 19.1 , < 19.1R3-S6 (custom) Affected: 19.2 , < 19.2R1-S7, 19.2R3-S3 (custom) Affected: 19.3 , < 19.3R2-S7, 19.3R3-S3 (custom) Affected: 19.4 , < 19.4R3-S5 (custom) Affected: 20.1 , < 20.1R2-S2, 20.1R3-S1 (custom) Affected: 20.2 , < 20.2R3-S2 (custom) Affected: 20.3 , < 20.3R3 (custom) Affected: 20.4 , < 20.4R2-S1, 20.4R3 (custom) Affected: 21.1 , < 21.1R1-S1, 21.1R2 (custom) Affected: 21.2 , < 21.2R1-S1, 21.2R2 (custom) |
Date Public
2021-07-14 00:00
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CVE-2021-0284 (GCVE-0-2021-0284)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-08-17 22:50 – Updated: 2024-09-16 21:03
VLAI
Title
Junos OS: Upon receipt of specific sequences of genuine packets destined to the device the kernel will crash and restart (vmcore)
Summary
A buffer overflow vulnerability in the TCP/IP stack of Juniper Networks Junos OS allows an attacker to send specific sequences of packets to the device thereby causing a Denial of Service (DoS). By repeatedly sending these sequences of packets to the device, an attacker can sustain the Denial of Service (DoS) condition. The device will abnormally shut down as a result of these sent packets. A potential indicator of compromise will be the following message in the log files: "eventd[13955]: SYSTEM_ABNORMAL_SHUTDOWN: System abnormally shut down" This issue is only triggered by traffic destined to the device. Transit traffic will not trigger this issue. This issue affects: Juniper Networks Junos OS 12.3 versions prior to 12.3R12-S19; 15.1 versions prior to 15.1R7-S10; 17.3 versions prior to 17.3R3-S12; 18.4 versions prior to 18.4R2-S9, 18.4R3-S9; 19.1 versions prior to 19.1R3-S7; 19.2 versions prior to 19.2R1-S7, 19.2R3-S3; 19.3 versions prior to 19.3R2-S7, 19.3R3-S3; 19.4 versions prior to 19.4R3-S5; 20.1 versions prior to 20.1R3-S1; 20.2 versions prior to 20.2R3-S2; 20.3 versions prior to 20.3R3-S1; 20.4 versions prior to 20.4R2-S2, 20.4R3; 21.1 versions prior to 21.1R2; 21.2 versions prior to 21.2R1-S1, 21.2R2.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Overflow
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://kb.juniper.net/JSA11200 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Juniper Networks | Junos OS |
Affected:
12.3 , < 12.3R12-S19
(custom)
Affected: 15.1 , < 15.1R7-S10 (custom) Affected: 17.3 , < 17.3R3-S12 (custom) Affected: 18.4 , < 18.4R2-S9, 18.4R3-S9 (custom) Affected: 19.1 , < 19.1R3-S7 (custom) Affected: 19.2 , < 19.2R1-S7, 19.2R3-S3 (custom) Affected: 19.3 , < 19.3R2-S7, 19.3R3-S3 (custom) Affected: 19.4 , < 19.4R3-S5 (custom) Affected: 20.1 , < 20.1R3-S1 (custom) Affected: 20.2 , < 20.2R3-S2 (custom) Affected: 20.3 , < 20.3R3-S1 (custom) Affected: 20.4 , < 20.4R2-S2, 20.4R3 (custom) Affected: 21.1 , < 21.1R2 (custom) Affected: 21.2 , < 21.2R1-S1, 21.2R2 (custom) |
Date Public
2021-07-14 00:00
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CVE-2021-1379 (GCVE-0-2021-1379)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-18 15:42 – Updated: 2024-11-18 16:23
VLAI
Title
Cisco IP Phones Cisco Discovery Protocol and Link Layer Discovery Protocol Remote Code Execution and Denial of Service Vulnerabilities
Summary
Multiple vulnerabilities in the Cisco Discovery Protocol and Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) implementations for Cisco IP Phone Series 68xx/78xx/88xx could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to execute code remotely or cause a reload of an affected IP phone.
These vulnerabilities are due to missing checks when the IP phone processes a Cisco Discovery Protocol or LLDP packet. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by sending a malicious Cisco Discovery Protocol or LLDP packet to the targeted IP phone. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute code on the affected IP phone or cause it to reload unexpectedly, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition.Note: Cisco Discovery Protocol is a Layer 2 protocol. To exploit these vulnerabilities, an attacker must be in the same broadcast domain as the affected device (Layer 2 adjacent).Cisco has released software updates that address these vulnerabilities. There are no workarounds that address these vulnerabilities.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco IP Phones with Multiplatform Firmware |
Affected:
11.1.2
Affected: 11.2.1 Affected: 11.2.3 Affected: 11.2.2 Affected: 11.2.3 MSR1-1 Affected: 11.1.2 MSR1-1 Affected: 11.1.1 Affected: 11.1.2 MSR3-1 Affected: 11.0.0 Affected: 11.1.1 MSR1-1 Affected: 11.0.1 Affected: 11.1.1 MSR2-1 Affected: 11.2.4 Affected: 11.0.1 MSR1-1 Affected: 11.0.2 Affected: 11.3.1 Affected: 11.3.1 MSR1-3 Affected: 11.3.2 Affected: 11.3.1 MSR2-6 Affected: 11.3.1 MSR3-3 |
|
| Cisco | Cisco Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Software |
Affected:
9.0(3)
Affected: 9.0(2)SR2 Affected: 9.0(2)SR1 Affected: 9.2(1) Affected: 9.4(2)SR1 Affected: 9.4(2) Affected: 9.4(2)SR2 Affected: 9.4(2)SR3 Affected: 9.3(1)SR2 Affected: 9.3(1)SR3 Affected: 9.3(1)SR1 Affected: 9.1(1)SR1 Affected: 9.3(1)SR4 Affected: 9.2(3) Affected: 9.2(1)SR2 Affected: 9.3(1) Affected: 9.4(2)SR4 Affected: 12.1(1)SR1 Affected: 11.5(1) Affected: 10.3(2) Affected: 10.2(2) Affected: 10.3(1) Affected: 10.3(1)SR4 Affected: 11.0(1) Affected: 10.4(1)SR2 3rd Party Affected: 11.7(1) Affected: 12.1(1) Affected: 11.0(0.7) MPP Affected: 9.3(4) 3rd Party Affected: 12.5(1)SR2 Affected: 10.2(1)SR1 Affected: 9.3(4)SR3 3rd Party Affected: 10.2(1) Affected: 12.5(1) Affected: 10.3(1)SR2 Affected: 11-0-1MSR1-1 Affected: 10.4(1) 3rd Party Affected: 12.5(1)SR1 Affected: 11.5(1)SR1 Affected: 10.1(1)SR2 Affected: 12.0(1)SR2 Affected: 12.6(1) Affected: 10.3(1.11) 3rd Party Affected: 12.0(1) Affected: 12.0(1)SR1 Affected: 9.3(3) Affected: 12.5(1)SR3 Affected: 10.3(1)SR4b Affected: 9.3(4)SR1 3rd Party Affected: 10.3(1)SR5 Affected: 10.1(1.9) Affected: 10.3(1.9) 3rd Party Affected: 9.3(4)SR2 3rd Party Affected: 10.3(1)SR1 Affected: 10.3(1)SR3 Affected: 10.1(1)SR1 Affected: 12.0(1)SR3 Affected: 12.6(1)SR1 Affected: 12.7(1) Affected: 10.3(1)SR6 Affected: 12.8(1) Affected: 12.7(1)SR1 Affected: 11.0(2)SR1 Affected: 11.0(4) Affected: 11.0(2) Affected: 11.0(4)SR3 Affected: 11.0(5) Affected: 11.0(3)SR2 Affected: 11.0(3)SR4 Affected: 11.0(3)SR3 Affected: 11.0(2)SR2 Affected: 11.0(4)SR1 Affected: 11.0(5)SR3 Affected: 11.0(3) Affected: 11.0(5)SR2 Affected: 11.0(3)SR6 Affected: 11.0(5)SR1 Affected: 11.0(4)SR2 Affected: 11.0(3)SR1 Affected: 11.0(3)SR5 |
|
| Cisco | Cisco Small Business IP Phones |
Affected:
7.4.8
Affected: 7.4.3 Affected: 7.5.5a Affected: 7.3.7 Affected: 7.5.2 Affected: 7.5.1 Affected: 7.4.6 Affected: 7.5.7 Affected: 7.4.4 Affected: 7.6.2SR3 Affected: 7.6.2 Affected: 7.5.6 Affected: 7.5.6c Affected: 7.6.0 Affected: 7.4.7 Affected: 7.6.2SR6 Affected: 7.5.2b Affected: 7.5.5 Affected: 7.5.6a Affected: 7.6.2SR2 Affected: 7.5.3 Affected: 7.5.2a Affected: 7.5.6(XU) Affected: 7.5.7s Affected: 7.6.2SR4 Affected: 7.6.2SR1 Affected: 7.4.9 Affected: 7.5.5b Affected: 7.6.2SR5 Affected: 7.5.4 Affected: 7.6.1 Affected: 7.6.2SR7 |
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CVE-2021-1405 (GCVE-0-2021-1405)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-04-08 04:30 – Updated: 2024-11-08 23:25
VLAI
Title
Clam AntiVirus (ClamAV) PDF Parser Denial of Service Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the email parsing module in Clam AntiVirus (ClamAV) Software version 0.103.1 and all prior versions could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service condition on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to improper variable initialization that may result in an NULL pointer read. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted email to an affected device. An exploit could allow the attacker to cause the ClamAV scanning process crash, resulting in a denial of service condition.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Overflow
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://blog.clamav.net/2021/04/clamav-01032-secu… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021… | mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST |
| https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202104-07 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_GENTOO |
Impacted products
Date Public
2021-04-08 00:00
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CVE-2021-1439 (GCVE-0-2021-1439)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-03-24 20:05 – Updated: 2024-11-08 23:35
VLAI
Title
Cisco Aironet Access Points FlexConnect Multicast DNS Denial of Service Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the multicast DNS (mDNS) gateway feature of Cisco Aironet Series Access Points Software could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation of incoming mDNS traffic. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted mDNS packet to an affected device through a wireless network that is configured in FlexConnect local switching mode or through a wired network on a configured mDNS VLAN. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the access point (AP) to reboot, resulting in a DoS condition.
Severity
7.4 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO |
Impacted products
1 product
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|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Aironet Access Point Software (IOS XE Controller) |
Affected:
n/a
|
Date Public
2021-03-24 00:00
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CVE-2021-1493 (GCVE-0-2021-1493)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-04-29 17:31 – Updated: 2024-11-08 23:22
VLAI
Title
Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance Software and Firepower Threat Defense Software Web Services Buffer Overflow Denial of Service Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the web services interface of Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to cause a buffer overflow on an affected system. The vulnerability is due to insufficient boundary checks for specific data that is provided to the web services interface of an affected system. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a malicious HTTP request. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause a buffer overflow condition on the affected system, which could disclose data fragments or cause the device to reload, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition.
Severity
8.5 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software |
Affected:
n/a
|
Date Public
2021-04-28 00:00
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CVE-2021-20027 (GCVE-0-2021-20027)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-06-14 22:30 – Updated: 2024-08-03 17:30
VLAI
Summary
A buffer overflow vulnerability in SonicOS allows a remote attacker to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) by sending a specially crafted request. This vulnerability affects SonicOS Gen5, Gen6, Gen7 platforms, and SonicOSv virtual firewalls.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SN… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SonicWall | SonicOS |
Affected:
SonicOS 5.9.1.13 and earlier
Affected: SonicOSv 6.5.4.4 and earlier Affected: SonicOS 6.0.5.3 and earlier Affected: SonicOS 6.5.1.12 and earlier Affected: SonicOS 6.5.4.7 and earlier Affected: SonicOS 7.0.1-R1219 and earlier Affected: SonicOS 7.0.1-R514 and earlier Affected: SonicOS 7.0.1-R1262 and earlier |
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CVE-2021-20045 (GCVE-0-2021-20045)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-12-08 09:55 – Updated: 2024-08-03 17:30
VLAI
Summary
A buffer overflow vulnerability in SMA100 sonicfiles RAC_COPY_TO (RacNumber 36) method allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to potentially execute code as the 'nobody' user in the appliance. This vulnerability affected SMA 200, 210, 400, 410 and 500v appliances.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SN… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SonicWall | SonicWall SMA100 |
Affected:
10.2.0.8-37sv and earlier
Affected: 10.2.1.1-19sv and earlier Affected: 10.2.1.2-24sv and earlier |
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Mitigation ID: MIT-3
Phase: Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
Description:
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation ID: MIT-4.1
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation ID: MIT-10
Phases: Operation, Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation ID: MIT-9
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that your buffer is as large as you specify.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation ID: MIT-11
Phases: Operation, Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation ID: MIT-12
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation
Phases: Build and Compilation, Operation
Description:
- Most mitigating technologies at the compiler or OS level to date address only a subset of buffer overflow problems and rarely provide complete protection against even that subset. It is good practice to implement strategies to increase the workload of an attacker, such as leaving the attacker to guess an unknown value that changes every program execution.
Mitigation ID: MIT-13
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Mitigation ID: MIT-21
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
Description:
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation ID: MIT-17
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation ID: MIT-22
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Description:
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-10: Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables
This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the adversary finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.
CAPEC-100: Overflow Buffers
Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an adversary. As a consequence, an adversary is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the adversaries' choice.
CAPEC-14: Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow
This type of attack exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in targeted client software through injection of malicious content from a custom-built hostile service. This hostile service is created to deliver the correct content to the client software. For example, if the client-side application is a browser, the service will host a webpage that the browser loads.
CAPEC-24: Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow
In this attack, the idea is to cause an active filter to fail by causing an oversized transaction. An attacker may try to feed overly long input strings to the program in an attempt to overwhelm the filter (by causing a buffer overflow) and hoping that the filter does not fail securely (i.e. the user input is let into the system unfiltered).
CAPEC-42: MIME Conversion
An attacker exploits a weakness in the MIME conversion routine to cause a buffer overflow and gain control over the mail server machine. The MIME system is designed to allow various different information formats to be interpreted and sent via e-mail. Attack points exist when data are converted to MIME compatible format and back.
CAPEC-44: Overflow Binary Resource File
An attack of this type exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in the handling of binary resources. Binary resources may include music files like MP3, image files like JPEG files, and any other binary file. These attacks may pass unnoticed to the client machine through normal usage of files, such as a browser loading a seemingly innocent JPEG file. This can allow the adversary access to the execution stack and execute arbitrary code in the target process.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-46: Overflow Variables and Tags
This type of attack leverages the use of tags or variables from a formatted configuration data to cause buffer overflow. The adversary crafts a malicious HTML page or configuration file that includes oversized strings, thus causing an overflow.
CAPEC-47: Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion
In this attack, the target software is given input that the adversary knows will be modified and expanded in size during processing. This attack relies on the target software failing to anticipate that the expanded data may exceed some internal limit, thereby creating a buffer overflow.
CAPEC-67: String Format Overflow in syslog()
This attack targets applications and software that uses the syslog() function insecurely. If an application does not explicitely use a format string parameter in a call to syslog(), user input can be placed in the format string parameter leading to a format string injection attack. Adversaries can then inject malicious format string commands into the function call leading to a buffer overflow. There are many reported software vulnerabilities with the root cause being a misuse of the syslog() function.
CAPEC-8: Buffer Overflow in an API Call
This attack targets libraries or shared code modules which are vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks. An adversary who has knowledge of known vulnerable libraries or shared code can easily target software that makes use of these libraries. All clients that make use of the code library thus become vulnerable by association. This has a very broad effect on security across a system, usually affecting more than one software process.
CAPEC-9: Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities
This attack targets command-line utilities available in a number of shells. An adversary can leverage a vulnerability found in a command-line utility to escalate privilege to root.
CAPEC-92: Forced Integer Overflow
This attack forces an integer variable to go out of range. The integer variable is often used as an offset such as size of memory allocation or similarly. The attacker would typically control the value of such variable and try to get it out of range. For instance the integer in question is incremented past the maximum possible value, it may wrap to become a very small, or negative number, therefore providing a very incorrect value which can lead to unexpected behavior. At worst the attacker can execute arbitrary code.