Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-116

Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output

The product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.

CVE-2026-49091 (GCVE-0-2026-49091)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-01 17:21 – Updated: 2026-07-02 03:57
VLAI
Title
Improper Output Neutralization for Logs in Kibana Leading to Log Injection
Summary
Improper Output Neutralization for Logs (CWE-117) in Kibana can lead to log injection via Log Injection-Tampering-Forging (CAPEC-93). An attacker can supply specially crafted input that is written to log files without proper neutralization. When the log files are subsequently viewed in a terminal that interprets control sequences, the injected content may alter the displayed log data.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Elastic Kibana Affected: 8.0.0 , ≤ 8.11.0 (semver)
Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.17.14 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-49472 (GCVE-0-2026-49472)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 15:59 – Updated: 2026-06-10 13:45
VLAI
Title
FreeSWITCH includes a vulnerable function, PREFIX(prologTok)() from libexpat
Summary
FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to version 1.11.0, FreeSWITCH includes a vulnerable function, PREFIX(prologTok)(), in libs/xmlrpc-c/lib/expat/xmltok/xmltok_impl.c, which was cloned from an outdated and vulnerable version in libexpat/libexpat. The function did not receive the corresponding security patch. This issue has been patched in version 1.11.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
signalwire freeswitch Affected: < 1.11.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-52846 (GCVE-0-2026-52846)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 17:47 – Updated: 2026-06-25 12:42
VLAI
Title
Caddy: stripHTML template function bypass
Summary
Caddy is an extensible server platform that uses TLS by default. Prior to 2.11.4, Caddy’s stripHTML template function cannot reliably remove all HTML tags from input strings. Certain malformed HTML, such as <<>img src=x onerror=alert()>, can bypass the tag-stripping logic, potentially leaving dangerous content in the output if it is later rendered as HTML. This may allow client-side XSS in cases where untrusted strings are rendered unsafely. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.11.4.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
caddyserver caddy Affected: < 2.11.4
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-53693 (GCVE-0-2026-53693)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-10 14:34 – Updated: 2026-06-10 16:15
VLAI
Title
MISP BSimVis stored cross-site scripting in tag and cluster rendering paths via unescaped tag metadata and UI labels
Summary
A stored cross-site scripting vulnerability existed in MISP BSimVis tag rendering code. Several client-side rendering paths interpolated tag names, collection names, entity identifiers, cluster names, and tag metadata directly into HTML, HTML attributes, inline JavaScript event handlers, and CSS style values without context-appropriate escaping. The patch adds shared escaping helpers for HTML, attributes, JavaScript strings, and CSS color validation, then applies them across tag badges, tooltips, context menus, cluster cards, autocomplete suggestions, and dynamically inserted tag cards. An attacker able to create or influence stored tag or metadata values could inject a crafted payload that is later rendered in another user’s browser. Successful exploitation could execute arbitrary JavaScript in the victim’s session when they view affected BSimVis pages, potentially allowing the attacker to perform actions as the victim, read data available to the victim, or alter displayed application content. This issue affects MISP bsimvis: through v0.2.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (XSS or 'Cross-site Scripting')
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
misp bsimvis Affected: 0 , ≤ v0.2.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Thomas Caillet Alexandre Dulaunoy Codex GPT-5.5
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-54013 (GCVE-0-2026-54013)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 16:46 – Updated: 2026-06-26 19:25
VLAI
Title
Open WebUI: Stored XSS to Account Takeover via Model Profile Images in Open WebUI
Summary
Open WebUI is a self-hosted artificial intelligence platform designed to operate entirely offline. Prior to 0.9.6, Open WebUI patched SVG XSS in user profile images and webhook profile images but forgot to apply the same fix to model profile images. The ModelMeta class has no validate_profile_image_url field validator, and the model image serving endpoint has no MIME allowlist or nosniff header. Any authenticated user with workspace.models permission (enabled by default) can store a data:image/svg+xml;base64,... payload in a model's profile image and achieve full account takeover of anyone who navigates to the image URL. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.9.6.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
open-webui open-webui Affected: < 0.9.6
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-54133 (GCVE-0-2026-54133)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-12 13:56 – Updated: 2026-06-12 15:07
VLAI
Title
jmespath.php has CompilerRuntime code injection via unescaped function names
Summary
jmespath.php allows users to use JMESPath, software for declaratively specifying how to extract elements from a JSON document, in PHP applications with PHP data structures. Versions prior to 2.9.1 can generate and execute attacker-controlled PHP code when `JmesPath\CompilerRuntime` is used with an attacker-controlled JMESPath expression. The compiler emits parsed JMESPath function names into generated PHP source without sufficient escaping. A crafted expression can cause the generated cache file to contain executable attacker-controlled PHP, which is then loaded by the compiler runtime. The issue is patched in `2.9.1` and later. As a workaround, disable `JP_PHP_COMPILE` and do not use `JmesPath\CompilerRuntime` with attacker-controlled expressions. Use the default `AstRuntime` for untrusted expressions. Applications that must continue accepting untrusted JMESPath expressions before upgrading should ensure those expressions are never evaluated by the compiler runtime.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
jmespath jmespath.php Affected: < 2.9.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-54287 (GCVE-0-2026-54287)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 17:13 – Updated: 2026-06-22 17:36
VLAI
Title
Hono: AWS Lambda adapter merges multiple `Set-Cookie` headers into one value, dropping cookies on ALB single-header and Lattice
Summary
Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.25, on AWS Lambda, the ALB single-header response and the VPC Lattice v2 response join multiple Set-Cookie headers into one comma-separated value. Because commas also appear inside cookie attributes (for example Expires dates), clients cannot split the value back into individual cookies and silently drop or misparse them. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.25.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
honojs hono Affected: < 4.12.25
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-54699 (GCVE-0-2026-54699)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-24 17:26 – Updated: 2026-06-25 13:18
VLAI
Title
Warp: OS command injection when opening terminal links from WSL
Summary
Warp is an agentic development environment. From 0.2024.03.12.08.02.stable_01 until 0.2026.05.06.15.42.stable_01, Warp contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the WSL URL-opening fallback. When Warp is running under WSL and cannot open a URL through wslview, it falls back to a Windows command processor path. A URL controlled through terminal output can reach that fallback when the user opens the link. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.2026.05.06.15.42.stable_01.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
warpdotdev warp Affected: >= 0.2024.03.12.08.02.stable_01, < 0.2026.05.13.09.15.stable_01
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-54893 (GCVE-0-2026-54893)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-06 14:04 – Updated: 2026-07-07 04:32
VLAI
Title
Email-derived URL path injection in the Swoosh Microsoft Graph adapter
Summary
URL path injection in the Microsoft Graph adapter of Swoosh. Swoosh.Adapters.MsGraph builds its Microsoft Graph API request URL by interpolating the sender's email address into the URL path (/users/{from}/sendMail) without percent-encoding or validation. In applications that derive the from address from untrusted or user-influenced input (for example a relay, a contact form, or a "send as" feature), an attacker can place URL-special characters such as /, ?, or # in the local part of the address to escape the intended path segment and rewrite the path and query string of the request. Because the same authenticated POST is sent with the application's Microsoft Graph bearer token, the attacker can redirect it to other Graph endpoints within the token's scopes and control the request's query string. Applications that always use a fixed, trusted from address are not affected. This issue affects swoosh from 1.12.0 before 1.26.3.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
EEF
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
swoosh swoosh Affected: 1.12.0 , < 1.26.3 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:swoosh:swoosh:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
swoosh swoosh Affected: 23bfcdab71aee4613858ba6d116bb3311b72aa58 , < e38235453e81d1727bfc8d91e69ec4cb211ccf61 (git)
    cpe:2.3:a:swoosh:swoosh:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Peter Ullrich Po Chen Jonatan Männchen
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-55570 (GCVE-0-2026-55570)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-24 21:24 – Updated: 2026-06-25 13:49
VLAI
Title
SiYuan: Stored XSS results to Electron RCE in SiYuan marketplace via unescaped `data-obj` attribute (Bypass for CVE-2026-45375's patch)
Summary
SiYuan is an open-source personal knowledge management system. Prior to 3.7.0, it does not escape the untrusted fields (name, version, author, description) when they are serialized into the data-obj HTML attribute of each marketplace card. Because the attribute is single-quoted and the value is produced with JSON.stringify() (which does not escape ', <, or >), a package whose name contains a single quote breaks out of the attribute and injects arbitrary HTML. In the desktop client the main BrowserWindow runs with nodeIntegration: true, contextIsolation: false, so the injected markup escalates from DOM XSS to arbitrary OS command execution. This is the same root cause and same impact as the original advisory, reached through a sibling sink the patch did not cover. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.7.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
siyuan-note siyuan Affected: < 3.7.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation ID: MIT-4.3

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Description:

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
  • Alternately, use built-in functions, but consider using wrappers in case those functions are discovered to have a vulnerability.
Mitigation ID: MIT-27

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Parameterization

Description:

  • If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
  • For example, stored procedures can enforce database query structure and reduce the likelihood of SQL injection.
Mitigation

Phases: Architecture and Design, Implementation

Description:

  • Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.
Mitigation

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

  • In some cases, input validation may be an important strategy when output encoding is not a complete solution. For example, you may be providing the same output that will be processed by multiple consumers that use different encodings or representations. In other cases, you may be required to allow user-supplied input to contain control information, such as limited HTML tags that support formatting in a wiki or bulletin board. When this type of requirement must be met, use an extremely strict allowlist to limit which control sequences can be used. Verify that the resulting syntactic structure is what you expect. Use your normal encoding methods for the remainder of the input.
Mitigation

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

  • Use input validation as a defense-in-depth measure to reduce the likelihood of output encoding errors (see CWE-20).
Mitigation

Phase: Requirements

Description:

  • Fully specify which encodings are required by components that will be communicating with each other.
Mitigation

Phase: Implementation

Description:

  • When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.
CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting

An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.

CAPEC-73: User-Controlled Filename

An attack of this type involves an adversary inserting malicious characters (such as a XSS redirection) into a filename, directly or indirectly that is then used by the target software to generate HTML text or other potentially executable content. Many websites rely on user-generated content and dynamically build resources like files, filenames, and URL links directly from user supplied data. In this attack pattern, the attacker uploads code that can execute in the client browser and/or redirect the client browser to a site that the attacker owns. All XSS attack payload variants can be used to pass and exploit these vulnerabilities.

CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering

Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.

CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting

This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.

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