Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-94

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.

8335 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-QGG8-99P6-V8V8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:05 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:05
VLAI
Details

LG SuperSign CMS allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via the sourceUri parameter to qsr_server/device/getThumbnail.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-17173"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-09-21T17:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "LG SuperSign CMS allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via the sourceUri parameter to qsr_server/device/getThumbnail.",
  "id": "GHSA-qgg8-99p6-v8v8",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T01:05:27Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T01:05:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-17173"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/45448"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/46795"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://mamaquieroserpentester.blogspot.com/2018/09/lg-supersign-rce-to-luna-and-back-to.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/152733/LG-Supersign-EZ-CMS-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QGP4-CV63-PVX3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:34 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:34
VLAI
Details

Microsoft .NET Framework 1.0 SP3, 1.1 SP1, 2.0 SP2, 3.5, 3.5.1, 4, and 4.5 does not properly check the permissions of objects that use reflection, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via (1) a crafted XAML browser application (XBAP) or (2) a crafted .NET Framework application, aka "Delegate Reflection Bypass Vulnerability."

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2013-3132"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2013-07-10T03:46:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Microsoft .NET Framework 1.0 SP3, 1.1 SP1, 2.0 SP2, 3.5, 3.5.1, 4, and 4.5 does not properly check the permissions of objects that use reflection, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via (1) a crafted XAML browser application (XBAP) or (2) a crafted .NET Framework application, aka \"Delegate Reflection Bypass Vulnerability.\"",
  "id": "GHSA-qgp4-cv63-pvx3",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T02:34:22Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T02:34:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-3132"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2013/ms13-052"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A17430"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA13-190A"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-QGQW-H4XQ-7W8W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-03 19:33 – Updated: 2026-02-03 22:15
VLAI
Summary
Claude Code has a Command Injection in find Command Bypasses User Approval Prompt
Details

Due to an error in command parsing, it was possible to bypass the Claude Code confirmation prompt to trigger execution of untrusted commands through the find command. Reliably exploiting this required the ability to add untrusted content into a Claude Code context window.

Users on standard Claude Code auto-update have received this fix already. Users performing manual updates are advised to update to the latest version.

Claude Code thanks https://hackerone.com/alexbernier for reporting this issue!

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@anthropic-ai/claude-code"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.72"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-24887"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-78",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-03T19:33:32Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-03T21:16:13Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Due to an error in command parsing, it was possible to bypass the Claude Code confirmation prompt to trigger execution of untrusted commands through the find command. Reliably exploiting this required the ability to add untrusted content into a Claude Code context window. \n\nUsers on standard Claude Code auto-update have received this fix already. Users performing manual updates are advised to update to the latest version.\n\nClaude Code thanks https://hackerone.com/alexbernier for reporting this issue!",
  "id": "GHSA-qgqw-h4xq-7w8w",
  "modified": "2026-02-03T22:15:47Z",
  "published": "2026-02-03T19:33:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code/security/advisories/GHSA-qgqw-h4xq-7w8w"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24887"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Claude Code has a Command Injection in find Command Bypasses User Approval Prompt"
}

GHSA-QH28-2CFG-QG6M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:20 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:20
VLAI
Details

Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.13 and 11.x before 11.0.10 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2014-8445, CVE-2014-8446, CVE-2014-8447, CVE-2014-8456, CVE-2014-8458, CVE-2014-8461, and CVE-2014-9158.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2014-8459"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2014-12-10T21:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.13 and 11.x before 11.0.10 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2014-8445, CVE-2014-8446, CVE-2014-8447, CVE-2014-8456, CVE-2014-8458, CVE-2014-8461, and CVE-2014-9158.",
  "id": "GHSA-qh28-2cfg-qg6m",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T04:20:15Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T04:20:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-8459"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/reader/apsb14-28.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-QH2H-CHJ9-JFFQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2018-06-08 12:43 – Updated: 2022-08-03 21:32
VLAI
Summary
Growl before 1.10.0 vulnerable to Command Injection
Details

Affected versions of growl do not properly sanitize input prior to passing it into a shell command, allowing for arbitrary command execution.

Recommendation

Update to version 1.10.0 or later.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "growl"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.10.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-16042"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-78",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:51:54Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Affected versions of `growl` do not properly sanitize input prior to passing it into a shell command, allowing for arbitrary command execution.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version 1.10.0 or later.",
  "id": "GHSA-qh2h-chj9-jffq",
  "modified": "2022-08-03T21:32:55Z",
  "published": "2018-06-08T12:43:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-16042"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/tj/node-growl/issues/60"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/tj/node-growl/pull/61"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/tj/node-growl/pull/62"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/tj/node-growl/commit/d71177d5331c9de4658aca62e0ac921f178b0669"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/tj/node-growl"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/146"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Growl before 1.10.0 vulnerable to Command Injection"
}

GHSA-QH8C-F279-4CGV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-27 18:31 – Updated: 2025-09-19 18:31
VLAI
Details

Coolify versions prior to v4.0.0-beta.420.6 are vulnerable to a remote code execution vulnerability in the application deployment workflow. The platform allows authenticated users, with low-level member privileges, to inject arbitrary Docker Compose directives during project creation. By crafting a malicious service definition that mounts the host root filesystem, an attacker can gain full root access to the underlying server.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-34159"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-20",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-27T17:15:38Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Coolify versions prior to v4.0.0-beta.420.6 are vulnerable to a remote code execution vulnerability in the application deployment workflow. The platform allows authenticated users, with low-level member privileges, to inject arbitrary Docker Compose directives during project creation. By crafting a malicious service definition that mounts the host root filesystem, an attacker can gain full root access to the underlying server.",
  "id": "GHSA-qh8c-f279-4cgv",
  "modified": "2025-09-19T18:31:20Z",
  "published": "2025-08-27T18:31:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-34159"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://coolify.io"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Eyodav/CVE-2025-34159"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/coollabsio/coolify/releases/tag/v4.0.0-beta.420.7"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QH93-57JH-FHCH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:36 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:36
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in the Keysight Database Connector plugin before 1.5.0 for Confluence. A malicious user could insert arbitrary JavaScript into saved macro parameters that would execute when a user viewed a page with that instance of the macro.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-35121"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-12-15T23:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in the Keysight Database Connector plugin before 1.5.0 for Confluence. A malicious user could insert arbitrary JavaScript into saved macro parameters that would execute when a user viewed a page with that instance of the macro.",
  "id": "GHSA-qh93-57jh-fhch",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:36:40Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:36:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-35121"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bitbucket.org/keysight/keysight-plugins-for-atlassian-products/wiki/Confluence%20Plugins/Database%20Plugin"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-QH94-PJXQ-88V7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-03 18:48 – Updated: 2024-07-08 15:31
VLAI
Details

In ZNC before 1.9.1, remote code execution can occur in modtcl via a KICK.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-39844"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-03T17:15:04Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "In ZNC before 1.9.1, remote code execution can occur in modtcl via a KICK.",
  "id": "GHSA-qh94-pjxq-88v7",
  "modified": "2024-07-08T15:31:55Z",
  "published": "2024-07-03T18:48:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39844"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/znc/znc/releases/tag/znc-1.9.1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wiki.znc.in/Category:ChangeLog"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wiki.znc.in/ChangeLog/1.9.1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/03/9"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/03/9"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QHC8-QCJ6-MQ9R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:45 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:45
VLAI
Details

PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in Chilek Content Management System (aka ChiCoMaS) 2.0.4 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the lang parameter to the default URI under install/. NOTE: this can also be leveraged to include and execute arbitrary local files via directory traversal sequences.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2008-2016"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2008-04-30T01:07:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in Chilek Content Management System (aka ChiCoMaS) 2.0.4 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the lang parameter to the default URI under install/.  NOTE: this can also be leveraged to include and execute arbitrary local files via directory traversal sequences.",
  "id": "GHSA-qhc8-qcj6-mq9r",
  "modified": "2022-05-01T23:45:49Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T23:45:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-2016"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/42144"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/3837"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/491369/100/0/threaded"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-QHM9-XQCJ-2R78

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 17:47 – Updated: 2022-05-01 17:47
VLAI
Details

** DISPUTED ** PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in index.php in gnopaste 0.5.3 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via the GNP_REAL_PATH parameter. NOTE: CVE and a third party dispute this issue, since GNP_REAL_PATH is a constant, not a variable.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2007-0862"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2007-02-09T01:28:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "** DISPUTED **  PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in index.php in gnopaste 0.5.3 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via the GNP_REAL_PATH parameter.  NOTE: CVE and a third party dispute this issue, since GNP_REAL_PATH is a constant, not a variable.",
  "id": "GHSA-qhm9-xqcj-2r78",
  "modified": "2022-05-01T17:47:46Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T17:47:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-0862"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/458460/100/100/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/458559/100/100/threaded"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Refactoring

Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
  • Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Testing

Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation
Implementation

For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].

CAPEC-242: Code Injection

An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.

CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.