CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8301 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-MVHF-547C-H55R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-25 18:31 – Updated: 2026-03-31 23:24thumbler through 1.1.2 allows OS command injection via the input, output, time, or size parameter in the thumbnail() function because user input is concatenated into a shell command string passed to child_process.exec() without proper sanitization or escaping.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "thumbler"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.1.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-26833"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-78",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-31T23:24:12Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-25T16:16:21Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "thumbler through 1.1.2 allows OS command injection via the input, output, time, or size parameter in the thumbnail() function because user input is concatenated into a shell command string passed to child_process.exec() without proper sanitization or escaping.",
"id": "GHSA-mvhf-547c-h55r",
"modified": "2026-03-31T23:24:12Z",
"published": "2026-03-25T18:31:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-26833"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/mmahrous/thumbler"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mmahrous/thumbler/blob/master/lib/thumbler.js"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zebbernCVE/CVE-2026-26833"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/thumbler"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "thumbler allows OS Command Injection"
}
GHSA-MVJV-F233-94JQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:36 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:36Microsoft Windows Vista Gold, SP1, and SP2, Windows Server 2008 Gold and SP2, and Windows 7 RC do not properly process the command value in an SMB Multi-Protocol Negotiate Request packet, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted SMBv2 packet to the Server service, aka "SMBv2 Command Value Vulnerability."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2009-2532"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-10-14T10:30:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Microsoft Windows Vista Gold, SP1, and SP2, Windows Server 2008 Gold and SP2, and Windows 7 RC do not properly process the command value in an SMB Multi-Protocol Negotiate Request packet, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted SMBv2 packet to the Server service, aka \"SMBv2 Command Value Vulnerability.\"",
"id": "GHSA-mvjv-f233-94jq",
"modified": "2022-05-02T03:36:09Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T03:36:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-2532"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2009/ms09-050"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A6336"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA09-286A.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-MVPP-7HV9-PX53
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 04:03 – Updated: 2022-05-14 04:03Versions of Puppet Agent prior to 1.6.0 included a version of the Puppet Execution Protocol (PXP) agent that passed environment variables through to Puppet runs. This could allow unauthorized code to be loaded. This bug was first introduced in Puppet Agent 1.3.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-5713"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-12-06T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Versions of Puppet Agent prior to 1.6.0 included a version of the Puppet Execution Protocol (PXP) agent that passed environment variables through to Puppet runs. This could allow unauthorized code to be loaded. This bug was first introduced in Puppet Agent 1.3.0.",
"id": "GHSA-mvpp-7hv9-px53",
"modified": "2022-05-14T04:03:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T04:03:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-5713"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://puppet.com/security/cve/cve-2016-5713"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MVQ3-FGC2-44M7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:22 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:31** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** D-Link DIR-610 devices allow Remote Command Execution via the cmd parameter to command.php. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-9377"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-78",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-07-09T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** D-Link DIR-610 devices allow Remote Command Execution via the cmd parameter to command.php. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
"id": "GHSA-mvq3-fgc2-44m7",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:31:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:22:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-9377"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/GouveaHeitor/131557f9de7d571f118f59805df852dc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/announcement/publication.aspx?name=SAP10182"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2020-9377"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com.br/produto/dir-610"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MVQH-RJW3-3PPC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-18 00:30 – Updated: 2023-01-18 00:30Vulnerability in the Oracle VM VirtualBox product of Oracle Virtualization (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are Prior to 6.1.42 and prior to 7.0.6. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise Oracle VM VirtualBox. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle VM VirtualBox. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-21886"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-18T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle VM VirtualBox product of Oracle Virtualization (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are Prior to 6.1.42 and prior to 7.0.6. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise Oracle VM VirtualBox. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle VM VirtualBox. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-mvqh-rjw3-3ppc",
"modified": "2023-01-18T00:30:16Z",
"published": "2023-01-18T00:30:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-21886"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202310-07"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2023.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MVV3-RQF3-RC36
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:27 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:27Unspecified vulnerability in Microsoft Excel 2000 SP3 through 2007, Viewer 2003, Compatibility Pack, and Office for Mac 2004 allows user-assisted remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via malformed formulas, aka "Excel Formula Parsing Vulnerability."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-0115"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-03-11T23:44:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Unspecified vulnerability in Microsoft Excel 2000 SP3 through 2007, Viewer 2003, Compatibility Pack, and Office for Mac 2004 allows user-assisted remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via malformed formulas, aka \"Excel Formula Parsing Vulnerability.\"",
"id": "GHSA-mvv3-rqf3-rc36",
"modified": "2022-05-01T23:27:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:27:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-0115"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2008/ms08-014"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A5512"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq\u0026m=120585858807305\u0026w=2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/28167"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1019585"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA08-071A.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/0846/references"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-MVVP-5JX6-WRGF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-04 00:33 – Updated: 2025-01-04 00:33The The WordPress Popular Posts plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary shortcode execution in all versions up to, and including, 7.1.0. This is due to the software allowing users to execute an action that does not properly validate a value before running do_shortcode. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary shortcodes.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-11733"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-03T23:15:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The The WordPress Popular Posts plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary shortcode execution in all versions up to, and including, 7.1.0. This is due to the software allowing users to execute an action that does not properly validate a value before running do_shortcode. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary shortcodes.",
"id": "GHSA-mvvp-5jx6-wrgf",
"modified": "2025-01-04T00:33:41Z",
"published": "2025-01-04T00:33:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-11733"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wordpress-popular-posts/tags/7.1.0/src/Rest/ViewLoggerEndpoint.php#L70"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/c38ac8d6-c6de-4be7-bf7b-198e085a0ad2?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MW2X-VRF6-RQFV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:30 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:30Microsoft Excel 2007 SP3, Excel 2010 SP2, Excel 2013 Gold and SP1, Excel 2013 RT Gold and SP1, and Office Compatibility Pack allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted Office document, aka "Excel Invalid Pointer Remote Code Execution Vulnerability."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-6361"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-12-11T00:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Microsoft Excel 2007 SP3, Excel 2010 SP2, Excel 2013 Gold and SP1, Excel 2013 RT Gold and SP1, and Office Compatibility Pack allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted Office document, aka \"Excel Invalid Pointer Remote Code Execution Vulnerability.\"",
"id": "GHSA-mw2x-vrf6-rqfv",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:30:13Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:30:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-6361"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2014/ms14-083"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-MW35-8RX3-XF9R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-24 16:15 – Updated: 2026-05-13 13:37Ray Data registers custom Arrow extension types (ray.data.arrow_tensor, ray.data.arrow_tensor_v2, ray.data.arrow_variable_shaped_tensor) globally in PyArrow. When PyArrow reads a Parquet file containing one of these extension types, it calls __arrow_ext_deserialize__ on the field's metadata bytes. Ray's implementation passes these bytes directly to cloudpickle.loads(), achieving arbitrary code execution during schema parsing, before any row data is read.
In May 2024, Ray fixed a related vulnerability in PyExtensionType-based extension types (issue #41314, PR #45084). In July 2025, PR #54831 introduced cloudpickle.loads() into the replacement extension types' deserialization path, reintroducing the same class of vulnerability.
Impact
- Affected versions: Ray 2.49.0 through 2.54.0 (latest release as of March 2026). The vulnerable
_deserialize_with_fallbackfunction withcloudpickle.loads()was introduced in commitf6d21db1a4(PR #54831, July 2025), first released in Ray 2.49.0. - Affected configurations: Any process that uses Ray Data and reads Parquet files. The extension types are registered globally in PyArrow, so all Parquet reads in the process are affected, including
ray.data.read_parquet(),pyarrow.parquet.read_table(),pandas.read_parquet(), etc. - Attacker prerequisites: The attacker must place a crafted Parquet file where a Ray Data pipeline reads it. No authentication or cluster access is required. The Parquet file must contain a column with a
ray.data.arrow_tensor(or v2, or variable-shaped) extension type name, which makes this a targeted attack against Ray Data users.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "ray"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.49.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.55.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41486"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-502",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-24T16:15:00Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-08T22:16:29Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Ray Data registers custom Arrow extension types (`ray.data.arrow_tensor`, `ray.data.arrow_tensor_v2`, `ray.data.arrow_variable_shaped_tensor`) globally in PyArrow. When PyArrow reads a Parquet file containing one of these extension types, it calls `__arrow_ext_deserialize__` on the field\u0027s metadata bytes. Ray\u0027s implementation passes these bytes directly to `cloudpickle.loads()`, achieving arbitrary code execution during schema parsing, before any row data is read.\n\nIn May 2024, Ray fixed a related vulnerability in `PyExtensionType`-based extension types ([issue #41314](https://github.com/ray-project/ray/issues/41314), [PR #45084](https://github.com/ray-project/ray/pull/45084)). In July 2025, [PR #54831](https://github.com/ray-project/ray/pull/54831) introduced `cloudpickle.loads()` into the replacement extension types\u0027 deserialization path, reintroducing the same class of vulnerability.\n\n## Impact\n\n- **Affected versions**: Ray 2.49.0 through 2.54.0 (latest release as of March 2026). The vulnerable `_deserialize_with_fallback` function with `cloudpickle.loads()` was introduced in commit `f6d21db1a4` ([PR #54831](https://github.com/ray-project/ray/pull/54831), July 2025), first released in Ray 2.49.0.\n- **Affected configurations**: Any process that uses Ray Data and reads Parquet files. The extension types are registered globally in PyArrow, so all Parquet reads in the process are affected, including `ray.data.read_parquet()`, `pyarrow.parquet.read_table()`, `pandas.read_parquet()`, etc.\n- **Attacker prerequisites**: The attacker must place a crafted Parquet file where a Ray Data pipeline reads it. No authentication or cluster access is required. The Parquet file must contain a column with a `ray.data.arrow_tensor` (or v2, or variable-shaped) extension type name, which makes this a targeted attack against Ray Data users.",
"id": "GHSA-mw35-8rx3-xf9r",
"modified": "2026-05-13T13:37:51Z",
"published": "2026-04-24T16:15:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ray-project/ray/security/advisories/GHSA-mw35-8rx3-xf9r"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41486"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ray-project/ray/pull/54831"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ray-project/ray/pull/62056"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ray-project/ray/commit/c02bd31ae31996805868baa446a131a8d304525f"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/ray-project/ray"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ray-project/ray/releases/tag/ray-2.55.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Ray: Remote Code Execution via Parquet Arrow Extension Type Deserialization"
}
GHSA-MW66-Q494-6V6W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-30 15:32 – Updated: 2025-11-04 18:31iib0011 omni-tools v0.4.0 is vulnerable to remote code execution via unsafe JSON deserialization.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-50739"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-30T14:15:43Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "iib0011 omni-tools v0.4.0 is vulnerable to remote code execution via unsafe JSON deserialization.",
"id": "GHSA-mw66-q494-6v6w",
"modified": "2025-11-04T18:31:35Z",
"published": "2025-10-30T15:32:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-50739"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fai1424/Vulnerability-Research/tree/main/CVE-2025-50739"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://omnitools.app/json/stringify"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.