CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
9619 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-CH8M-C7X9-7R7F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-10 12:31 – Updated: 2026-08-10 15:33Joomla Extension - fabrikar.com - Remote code execution in Fabrik < 4.6.7 - An unauthenticated attacker could execute arbitrary code by using the ajax_calc feature of the calc plugin.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-66915"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-10T10:17:33Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Joomla Extension - fabrikar.com - Remote code execution in Fabrik \u003c 4.6.7 - An unauthenticated attacker could execute arbitrary code by using the ajax_calc feature of the calc plugin.",
"id": "GHSA-ch8m-c7x9-7r7f",
"modified": "2026-08-10T15:33:35Z",
"published": "2026-08-10T12:31:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-66915"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mysites.guru/blog/fabrik-unauthenticated-rce-calc-element"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.fabrikar.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-CHCQ-PFXC-99WW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-10 21:31 – Updated: 2026-10-10 21:319router 0.4.1 through 0.5.99 contains a configuration injection vulnerability in the POST /api/cli-tools/hermes-settings endpoint that allows authenticated dashboard users to inject arbitrary keys into the Hermes Agent config.yaml file. Attackers can submit a baseUrl containing double quotes and newlines to add hooks_auto_accept and a hooks.post_llm_call shell command, which Hermes Agent executes without approval after an LLM call.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-108593"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-10T19:16:57Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "9router 0.4.1 through 0.5.99 contains a configuration injection vulnerability in the POST /api/cli-tools/hermes-settings endpoint that allows authenticated dashboard users to inject arbitrary keys into the Hermes Agent config.yaml file. Attackers can submit a baseUrl containing double quotes and newlines to add hooks_auto_accept and a hooks.post_llm_call shell command, which Hermes Agent executes without approval after an LLM call.",
"id": "GHSA-chcq-pfxc-99ww",
"modified": "2026-10-10T21:31:15Z",
"published": "2026-10-10T21:31:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-108593"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/decolua/9router"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/decolua/9router/blob/a99cf57239ff778b61e434c2786009d5ed1c412c/src/app/api/cli-tools/hermes-settings/route.js#L185-L223"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/decolua/9router/blob/a99cf57239ff778b61e434c2786009d5ed1c412c/src/app/api/cli-tools/hermes-settings/route.js#L20-L35"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackmd.io/@haind/9router-hermes-config-injection"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/9router-0.4.1-through-0.5.99-config-injection-rce-via-hermes-settings-endpoint"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-CHFM-FW34-93F8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:32 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:32Arbitrary Code Execution vulnerability in Micro Focus Universal CMDB, version 4.10, 4.11, 4.12. This vulnerability could be remotely exploited to allow Arbitrary Code Execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-6488"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-02-22T22:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Arbitrary Code Execution vulnerability in Micro Focus Universal CMDB, version 4.10, 4.11, 4.12. This vulnerability could be remotely exploited to allow Arbitrary Code Execution.",
"id": "GHSA-chfm-fw34-93f8",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:32:01Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:32:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-6488"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://softwaresupport.softwaregrp.com/document/-/facetsearch/document/KM03086019"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CHHV-69JQ-Q952
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-20 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-20 18:31Vvveb prior to 1.0.8.1 contains a code injection vulnerability in the installation endpoint where the subdir POST parameter is written unsanitized into the env.php configuration file without escaping or validation. Attackers can inject arbitrary PHP code by breaking out of the string context in the define statement to achieve unauthenticated remote code execution as the web server user.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-39918"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-20T16:16:45Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Vvveb prior to\u00a01.0.8.1 contains a code injection vulnerability in the installation endpoint where the subdir POST parameter is written unsanitized into the env.php configuration file without escaping or validation. Attackers can inject arbitrary PHP code by breaking out of the string context in the define statement to achieve unauthenticated remote code execution as the web server user.",
"id": "GHSA-chhv-69jq-q952",
"modified": "2026-04-20T18:31:48Z",
"published": "2026-04-20T18:31:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-39918"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/givanz/Vvveb/commit/5162c1639130bd080ab63c7d856788cd59d6b3b7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/givanz/Vvveb/releases/tag/1.0.8.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/vvveb-code-injection-via-installation-endpoint"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-CHJ7-W3F6-CVFJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-20 21:30 – Updated: 2024-01-29 16:25The vulnerability arises from the way the url parameter is incorporated into the command string without proper validation or sanitization. If the url is constructed from untrusted sources, an attacker could potentially inject malicious commands.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "paddlepaddle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.6.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-0521"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-23T14:41:50Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-20T21:15:43Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The vulnerability arises from the way the url parameter is incorporated into the command string without proper validation or sanitization. If the url is constructed from untrusted sources, an attacker could potentially inject malicious commands.",
"id": "GHSA-chj7-w3f6-cvfj",
"modified": "2024-01-29T16:25:04Z",
"published": "2024-01-20T21:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0521"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/a569c64b-1e2b-4bed-a19f-47fd5a3da453"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Code Injection in paddlepaddle"
}
GHSA-CHJ8-F33H-QGP9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:36 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:36Microsoft XML Core Services (aka MSXML) 3.0 does not properly handle HTTP responses, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted response, aka "Msxml2.XMLHTTP.3.0 Response Handling Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2010-2561"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2010-08-11T18:47:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Microsoft XML Core Services (aka MSXML) 3.0 does not properly handle HTTP responses, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted response, aka \"Msxml2.XMLHTTP.3.0 Response Handling Memory Corruption Vulnerability.\"",
"id": "GHSA-chj8-f33h-qgp9",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:36:46Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:36:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-2561"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2010/ms10-051"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A11730"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA10-222A.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-CHRM-8MRH-XGJ7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-27 18:32 – Updated: 2026-08-27 18:32openssl_encrypt before 1.4.9 executes untrusted third-party plugins with insufficient controls: the plugin signature policy defaulted to WARN, so an unsigned/unverifiable non-built-in plugin was compiled and executed in the host process at import time, before the runtime sandbox is installed. The only default gate was an incomplete, bypassable AST denylist. If a user is induced to load an attacker's plugin, this results in arbitrary code execution with the privileges of the user running openssl_encrypt. Fixed in 1.4.9 by defaulting the signature policy to ENFORCE for non-built-in plugins.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-81719"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-27T17:21:02Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "openssl_encrypt before 1.4.9 executes untrusted third-party plugins with insufficient controls: the plugin signature policy defaulted to WARN, so an unsigned/unverifiable non-built-in plugin was compiled and executed in the host process at import time, before the runtime sandbox is installed. The only default gate was an incomplete, bypassable AST denylist. If a user is induced to load an attacker\u0027s plugin, this results in arbitrary code execution with the privileges of the user running openssl_encrypt. Fixed in 1.4.9 by defaulting the signature policy to ENFORCE for non-built-in plugins.",
"id": "GHSA-chrm-8mrh-xgj7",
"modified": "2026-08-27T18:32:29Z",
"published": "2026-08-27T18:32:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jahlives/openssl_encrypt/security/advisories/GHSA-587j-4r3v-cm2c"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-81719"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openssl-encrypt-before-1.4.9-remote-code-execution-via-plugin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-CHRR-FCQM-PGV4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:54 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:54DjVuLibre before 3.5.25.3, as used in Evince, Sumatra PDF Reader, VuDroid, and other products, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted DjVu (aka .djv) file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-6535"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-12-02T22:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "DjVuLibre before 3.5.25.3, as used in Evince, Sumatra PDF Reader, VuDroid, and other products, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted DjVu (aka .djv) file.",
"id": "GHSA-chrr-fcqm-pgv4",
"modified": "2022-05-17T04:54:10Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:54:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-6535"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/security/msvr/msvr13-004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2014/dsa-2844"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-2056-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-CHV6-6F32-GC59
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:36 – Updated: 2025-04-11 03:53SQL injection vulnerability in wp-postratings.php in the WP-PostRatings plugin 1.50, 1.61, and probably other versions before 1.62 for WordPress allows remote authenticated users with the Author role to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the id attribute of the ratings shortcode when creating a post. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2011-4646"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2011-11-30T19:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SQL injection vulnerability in wp-postratings.php in the WP-PostRatings plugin 1.50, 1.61, and probably other versions before 1.62 for WordPress allows remote authenticated users with the Author role to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the id attribute of the ratings shortcode when creating a post. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.",
"id": "GHSA-chv6-6f32-gc59",
"modified": "2025-04-11T03:53:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:36:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-4646"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/430970/wp-postratings/trunk/wp-postratings.php?old=355076\u0026old_path=wp-postratings%2Ftrunk%2Fwp-postratings.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/46328"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/wp-postratings/changelog"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/49986"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-CHVQ-2X4V-3VGH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:27 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:27Unspecified vulnerability in Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) 5.1 through 6.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted inputs to ASP pages.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-0075"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-02-12T21:00:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Unspecified vulnerability in Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) 5.1 through 6.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted inputs to ASP pages.",
"id": "GHSA-chvq-2x4v-3vgh",
"modified": "2022-05-01T23:27:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:27:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-0075"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2008/ms08-006"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A5308"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq\u0026m=120361015026386\u0026w=2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/28893"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/27676"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1019385"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA08-043C.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/0508/references"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.