CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8272 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-J9F8-8H89-J69X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-06-11 16:16 – Updated: 2021-08-04 21:06Versions of node-os-utils prior to 1.1.0 are vulnerable to Remote Code Execution. Due to insufficient input validation an attacker could run arbitrary commands on the server thus rendering the package vulnerable to Remote Code Execution.
Recommendation
Upgrade to version 1.1.0 or later.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "node-os-utils"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2019-06-11T16:08:05Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Versions of `node-os-utils` prior to 1.1.0 are vulnerable to Remote Code Execution. Due to insufficient input validation an attacker could run arbitrary commands on the server thus rendering the package vulnerable to Remote Code Execution.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpgrade to version 1.1.0 or later.",
"id": "GHSA-j9f8-8h89-j69x",
"modified": "2021-08-04T21:06:49Z",
"published": "2019-06-11T16:16:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/SunilWang/node-os-utils/issues/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-NODEOSUTILS-173696"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/784"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Remote Code Execution in node-os-utils"
}
GHSA-J9GH-CGR3-PWQF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:09 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:09PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in kernel/smarty/Smarty.class.php in PHPEcho CMS 2.0 rc3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in unspecified vectors that modify the _smarty_compile_path variable in the fetch function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-7034"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-08-24T10:30:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in kernel/smarty/Smarty.class.php in PHPEcho CMS 2.0 rc3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in unspecified vectors that modify the _smarty_compile_path variable in the fetch function.",
"id": "GHSA-j9gh-cgr3-pwqf",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:09:41Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:09:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-7034"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/40792"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2008-02/0401.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/51018"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/27960"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-J9H8-94JH-MVVV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:40 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:40In JetBrains YouTrack before 2020.5.3123, server-side template injection (SSTI) was possible, which could lead to code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-25770"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-03T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In JetBrains YouTrack before 2020.5.3123, server-side template injection (SSTI) was possible, which could lead to code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-j9h8-94jh-mvvv",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:40:52Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:40:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-25770"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.jetbrains.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.jetbrains.com/blog/2021/02/03/jetbrains-security-bulletin-q4-2020"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-J9H8-PHRW-H4FH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-08-25 14:48 – Updated: 2025-10-22 19:07Impact
The vulnerability may allow a remote attacker has sufficient rights to execute commands of the host only by manipulating the processed input stream. No user is affected, who followed the recommendation to setup XStream's security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types.
Patches
XStream 1.4.18 uses no longer a blacklist by default, since it cannot be secured for general purpose.
Workarounds
See workarounds for the different versions covering all CVEs.
References
See full information about the nature of the vulnerability and the steps to reproduce it in XStream's documentation for CVE-2021-39144.
Credits
Ceclin and YXXX from the Tencent Security Response Center found and reported the issue to XStream and provided the required information to reproduce it.
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in XStream * Email us at XStream Google Group
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.4.18"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-39144"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306",
"CWE-502",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-08-23T18:22:07Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-23T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nThe vulnerability may allow a remote attacker has sufficient rights to execute commands of the host only by manipulating the processed input stream. No user is affected, who followed the recommendation to setup XStream\u0027s security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types.\n\n### Patches\nXStream 1.4.18 uses no longer a blacklist by default, since it cannot be secured for general purpose.\n\n### Workarounds\nSee [workarounds](https://x-stream.github.io/security.html#workaround) for the different versions covering all CVEs.\n\n### References\nSee full information about the nature of the vulnerability and the steps to reproduce it in XStream\u0027s documentation for [CVE-2021-39144](https://x-stream.github.io/CVE-2021-39144.html).\n\n### Credits\n\nCeclin and YXXX from the Tencent Security Response Center found and reported the issue to XStream and provided the required information to reproduce it.\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [XStream](https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/issues)\n* Email us at [XStream Google Group](https://groups.google.com/group/xstream-user)",
"id": "GHSA-j9h8-phrw-h4fh",
"modified": "2025-10-22T19:07:26Z",
"published": "2021-08-25T14:48:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/security/advisories/GHSA-j9h8-phrw-h4fh"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-39144"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://x-stream.github.io/CVE-2021-39144.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-5004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2021-39144"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210923-0003"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QGXIU3YDPG6OGTDHMBLAFN7BPBERXREB"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PVPHZA7VW2RRSDCOIPP2W6O5ND254TU7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/22KVR6B5IZP3BGQ3HPWIO2FWWCKT3DHP"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QGXIU3YDPG6OGTDHMBLAFN7BPBERXREB"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PVPHZA7VW2RRSDCOIPP2W6O5ND254TU7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/22KVR6B5IZP3BGQ3HPWIO2FWWCKT3DHP"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/09/msg00017.html"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/x-stream/xstream"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/169859/VMware-NSX-Manager-XStream-Unauthenticated-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "XStream is vulnerable to a Remote Command Execution attack"
}
GHSA-J9MV-F35X-G5MV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 06:59 – Updated: 2022-05-01 06:59PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in cron.php in phpMyDirectory 10.4.4 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the ROOT_PATH parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2006-2521"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2006-05-22T22:02:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in cron.php in phpMyDirectory 10.4.4 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the ROOT_PATH parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-j9mv-f35x-g5mv",
"modified": "2022-05-01T06:59:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T06:59:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-2521"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/26625"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/1808"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/20209"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2006/1896"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-J9P3-5R25-X4HG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:45 – Updated: 2022-07-30 00:00The software contains a hard-coded password it uses for its own inbound authentication or for outbound communication to external components on the Reason DR60 (all firmware versions prior to 02A04.1).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-27438"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-25T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The software contains a hard-coded password it uses for its own inbound authentication or for outbound communication to external components on the Reason DR60 (all firmware versions prior to 02A04.1).",
"id": "GHSA-j9p3-5r25-x4hg",
"modified": "2022-07-30T00:00:41Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:45:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-27438"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-21-082-03"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J9PC-H4QX-72VJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-01 15:32 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:47agreejs shared v0.0.1 was discovered to contain a prototype pollution via the function mergeInternalComponents. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via injecting arbitrary properties.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-39017"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-01T13:15:05Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "agreejs shared v0.0.1 was discovered to contain a prototype pollution via the function mergeInternalComponents. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via injecting arbitrary properties.",
"id": "GHSA-j9pc-h4qx-72vj",
"modified": "2024-07-03T18:47:40Z",
"published": "2024-07-01T15:32:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39017"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/mestrtee/039e3e337642e6bb7f36aeddfde41b8b"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J9PG-XP47-H6C7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:06 – Updated: 2025-04-11 04:17The server in Brocade Network Advisor before 12.1.0, as used in EMC Connectrix Manager Converged Network Edition (CMCNE), HP B-series SAN Network Advisor, and possibly other products, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by using a servlet to upload an executable file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-6810"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-12-12T17:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The server in Brocade Network Advisor before 12.1.0, as used in EMC Connectrix Manager Converged Network Edition (CMCNE), HP B-series SAN Network Advisor, and possibly other products, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by using a servlet to upload an executable file.",
"id": "GHSA-j9pg-xp47-h6c7",
"modified": "2025-04-11T04:17:02Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T01:06:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-6810"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/90728"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/42701"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/42702"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2013-12/0053.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq\u0026m=138723620521347\u0026w=2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/56143"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.attrition.org/pipermail/vim/2014-January/002755.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1029485"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-13-283"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-J9WP-865G-RF48
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-25 15:30 – Updated: 2025-06-04 20:52A vulnerability was found in docarray up to 0.40.1. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is the function getitem of the file /docarray/data/torch_dataset.py of the component Web API. The manipulation leads to improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes ('prototype pollution'). The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "docarray"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.40.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-5150"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-05-27T19:54:33Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-25T15:15:22Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in docarray up to 0.40.1. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is the function __getitem__ of the file /docarray/data/torch_dataset.py of the component Web API. The manipulation leads to improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes (\u0027prototype pollution\u0027). The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-j9wp-865g-rf48",
"modified": "2025-06-04T20:52:34Z",
"published": "2025-05-25T15:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5150"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/superboy-zjc/56502343bcb12eb653081b426debf2c8"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/docarray/docarray"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.310238"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.310238"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.574696"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "docarray prototype pollution"
}
GHSA-JC35-Q369-45PV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-09 22:51 – Updated: 2025-10-22 17:57Forced OGNL evaluation, when evaluated on raw user input in tag attributes, may lead to remote code execution.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.struts:struts2-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.5.26"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-17530"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-917",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-04-09T21:42:05Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-11T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Forced OGNL evaluation, when evaluated on raw user input in tag attributes, may lead to remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-jc35-q369-45pv",
"modified": "2025-10-22T17:57:43Z",
"published": "2022-02-09T22:51:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-17530"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-061"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/struts"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210115-0005"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2020-17530"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com//security-alerts/cpujul2021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN43969166/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/160721/Apache-Struts-2-Forced-Multi-OGNL-Evaluation.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/04/12/6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Remote code execution in Apache Struts"
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.