Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-94

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.

9543 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-108380 (GCVE-0-2026-108380)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 17:41 – Updated: 2026-10-13 18:17
VLAI
Title
dataclasses-avroschema field documentation allows code injection in generated Pydantic descriptions
Summary
dataclasses-avroschema generates Avro schemas from Python dataclasses, Pydantic models, and Faust Records and generates Python code from Avro schemas. From version 0.65.9 through 0.70.5, PydanticFieldRepresentation.add_field_properties inserts a schema field's doc value between the quotes of a generated pydantic.Field description argument without escaping it. A crafted quote can terminate the string and inject an expression evaluated during generated class definition, allowing arbitrary Python code execution for Pydantic and AvroDantic model generation. Version 0.70.6 fixes the vulnerability by escaping the documentation value before rendering it.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 18:16 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7771 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
marcosschroh dataclasses-avroschema Affected: >= 0.65.9, < 0.70.6
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-108379 (GCVE-0-2026-108379)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 17:40 – Updated: 2026-10-13 20:21
VLAI
Title
dataclasses-avroschema fixed namespaces allow code injection in generated annotations
Summary
dataclasses-avroschema generates Avro schemas from Python dataclasses, Pydantic models, and Faust Records and generates Python code from Avro schemas. From version 0.38.0 through 0.70.5, BaseGenerator.parse_fixed inserts a fixed type's namespace value between quotes inside a generated types.confixed annotation without escaping or validating it. A crafted quote can terminate the namespace string and alter the surrounding annotation expression, which Python evaluates when the generated class is defined, allowing arbitrary code execution. Version 0.70.6 fixes the vulnerability by requiring the namespace to be a dot-separated sequence of valid Avro names.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 20:14 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7771 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
marcosschroh dataclasses-avroschema Affected: >= 0.38.0, < 0.70.6
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-108378 (GCVE-0-2026-108378)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 17:34 – Updated: 2026-10-14 15:55
VLAI
Title
dataclasses-avroschema record documentation can terminate generated class docstrings
Summary
dataclasses-avroschema generates Avro schemas from Python dataclasses, Pydantic models, and Faust Records and generates Python code from Avro schemas. From version 0.40.0 through 0.70.5, ClassRepresentation.render_docstring copies a schema record's doc value into a generated triple-double-quoted class docstring without escaping quotes or backslashes. A crafted triple-quote sequence can close the docstring and inject statements into the generated class body, while a trailing backslash can escape the generated closing delimiter, allowing Python code execution during module import. Version 0.70.6 fixes the vulnerability by escaping quotes, backslashes, and unsafe control characters before rendering docstrings.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-14 15:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7771 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
marcosschroh dataclasses-avroschema Affected: >= 0.40.0, < 0.70.6
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-108377 (GCVE-0-2026-108377)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 17:22 – Updated: 2026-10-13 17:49
VLAI
Title
dataclasses-avroschema allows code injection through generated Meta.schema_name
Summary
dataclasses-avroschema generates Avro schemas from Python dataclasses, Pydantic models, and Faust Records and generates Python code from Avro schemas. From version 0.62.3 through 0.70.5, ClassRepresentation.render_metaclass inserts a schema-controlled Avro record name into the quoted Meta.schema_name field of generated Python source without escaping it. A crafted name can terminate the string literal and inject statements into the generated class body, which execute when the generated module is imported. Version 0.70.6 fixes the vulnerability by escaping schema values rendered into generated string literals.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 17:48 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7771 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
marcosschroh dataclasses-avroschema Affected: >= 0.62.3, < 0.70.6
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-108376 (GCVE-0-2026-108376)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 17:17 – Updated: 2026-10-16 22:23
VLAI
Title
dataclasses-avroschema allows code injection through record names in generated default factories
Summary
dataclasses-avroschema generates Avro schemas from Python dataclasses, Pydantic models, and Faust Records and generates Python code from Avro schemas. From version 0.47.3 through 0.70.5, FieldRepresentation.get_field_default inserts a schema-controlled referenced record name into the callable position of a generated default_factory lambda without validating it as an Avro name. A crafted record name can become an arbitrary Python expression that executes when an instance of the generated model consumes the field default. Version 0.70.6 fixes the vulnerability by rejecting record names that do not match the Avro name grammar.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-16 22:22 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7771 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
marcosschroh dataclasses-avroschema Affected: >= 0.47.3, < 0.70.6
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-108375 (GCVE-0-2026-108375)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 17:05 – Updated: 2026-10-13 17:27
VLAI
Title
dataclasses-avroschema allows code injection through generated field-default literals
Summary
dataclasses-avroschema generates Avro schemas from Python dataclasses, Pydantic models, and Faust Records and generates Python code from Avro schemas. From version 0.38.0 through 0.70.5, FieldRepresentation.get_field_default inserts schema-controlled string, UUID, bytes, and fixed field defaults into quoted literals in generated Python source without escaping them. A crafted default can terminate the literal and inject statements into the generated module, which execute when the module is imported. Version 0.70.6 fixes the vulnerability by escaping schema values rendered into generated string literals.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 17:26 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7771 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
marcosschroh dataclasses-avroschema Affected: >= 0.38.0, < 0.70.6
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-108259 (GCVE-0-2026-108259)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-09 20:36 – Updated: 2026-10-14 02:12
VLAI
Title
Tina: Code injection via unescaped Git branch name in generated client source
Summary
Tina is a headless content management system. Prior to 3.0.0, @tinacms/cli reads Git branch values from VERCEL_GIT_COMMIT_REF, GITHUB_BRANCH, or HEAD, incorporates the raw value into the API URL, and interpolates that URL into JavaScript string literals in packages/@tinacms/cli/src/next/codegen/index.ts and packages/@tinacms/cli/src/next/codegen/codegen/plugin.ts. A crafted Git-valid branch name containing a quote can terminate the generated string and inject an expression that executes when the generated client module is imported during a preview build. The injected code runs with the build process privileges and can read environment credentials, modify deployment artifacts, or make network requests. This issue is fixed in version 3.0.0.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-14 02:11 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7771 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-108151 (GCVE-0-2026-108151)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-14 18:09 – Updated: 2026-10-15 16:43 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
WordPress MDTF plugin <= 1.3.9 - Arbitrary Code Execution vulnerability
Summary
Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in PluginUs.Net MDTF wp-meta-data-filter-and-taxonomy-filter allows Code Injection.This issue affects MDTF: from n/a through 1.3.9.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-15 10:46 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 2920 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
PluginUs.Net MDTF Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.3.9 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-12 17:39
Credits
Peter Tang | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-107806 (GCVE-0-2026-107806)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-09 15:00 – Updated: 2026-10-14 01:52
VLAI
Title
Nginx UI: Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Backup Restore App Config Overwrite
Summary
Nginx UI is a web user interface for the Nginx web server. From 2.3.8 until 2.5.0, an authenticated administrator with an active secure session can submit attacker-controlled portable backup key material and a matching manifest to POST /api/restore. The restore flow trusts the supplied key, decrypts attacker-controlled contents, and replaces the live app.ini, including protected nginx command settings such as TestConfigCmd. Triggering POST /api/nginx/test then executes the restored command in the Nginx UI runtime context, affecting confidentiality, integrity, and availability. This issue is fixed in version 2.5.0.
Severity
9.4 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-14 01:52 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7771 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
0xJacky nginx-ui Affected: >= 2.3.8, < 2.5.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-107732 (GCVE-0-2026-107732)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-08 22:22 – Updated: 2026-10-13 16:28
VLAI
Title
SumatraPDF: Markup/command-link injection into UI notification text
Summary
SumatraPDF is a multi-format reader for Windows. In 3.6.1 and earlier, untrusted document paths and PDF link targets are interpolated into notification text that ParseTip() interprets as trusted tip markup. When a user clicks an injected link, ExecuteTipLink() dispatches its CmdExec command and can execute an attacker-selected local program in the user's context. No broader impact is claimed beyond the advisory-supported conditions. No fixed version is available as of this review.
Severity
8.4 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 16:28 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7771 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Refactoring

Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
  • Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Testing

Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation
Implementation

For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].

CAPEC-242: Code Injection

An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.

CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.

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