CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8385 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-52QQ-78XG-P62C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-20 09:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in Bearsthemes Alone allows Code Injection. This issue affects Alone: from n/a through n/a.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-54019"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-20T08:15:45Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027) vulnerability in Bearsthemes Alone allows Code Injection. This issue affects Alone: from n/a through n/a.",
"id": "GHSA-52qq-78xg-p62c",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:56Z",
"published": "2025-08-20T09:30:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54019"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/theme/alone/vulnerability/wordpress-alone-7-8-5-arbitrary-code-execution-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-52W9-QFC2-5XQ5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-19 09:30 – Updated: 2025-08-19 09:30The Cloudflare Image Resizing plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution due to missing authentication and insufficient sanitization within its hook_rest_pre_dispatch() method in all versions up to, and including, 1.5.6. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to inject arbitrary PHP into the codebase, achieving remote code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-8723"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-19T08:15:30Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The Cloudflare Image Resizing plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution due to missing authentication and insufficient sanitization within its hook_rest_pre_dispatch() method in all versions up to, and including, 1.5.6. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to inject arbitrary PHP into the codebase, achieving remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-52w9-qfc2-5xq5",
"modified": "2025-08-19T09:30:30Z",
"published": "2025-08-19T09:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-8723"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3337593"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3341917"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/cf-image-resizing/#developers"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/0f3b3c1a-1d45-4e2f-854a-171fe759257b?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-52WG-H24C-3WGR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-30 03:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:58The OpenHook plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution in versions up to, and including, 4.3.0 via the 'php' shortcode. This allows authenticated attackers with subscriber-level permissions or above, to execute code on the server. This requires the [php] shortcode setting to be enabled on the vulnerable site.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-5201"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-30T03:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The OpenHook plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution in versions up to, and including, 4.3.0 via the \u0027php\u0027 shortcode. This allows authenticated attackers with subscriber-level permissions or above, to execute code on the server. This requires the [php] shortcode setting to be enabled on the vulnerable site.",
"id": "GHSA-52wg-h24c-3wgr",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:58:59Z",
"published": "2023-09-30T03:31:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5201"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/thesis-openhook/tags/4.3.0/inc/shortcodes.php#L28"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/thesis-openhook/tags/4.3.1/inc/shortcodes.php?rev=2972840#L24"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/37b9ed0e-5af2-47c1-b2da-8d103e4c31bf?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-52XQ-V6M6-C8PW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:47 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:47PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in portfolio/commentaires/derniers_commentaires.php in Cyberfolio 7.12, when register_globals is enabled, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the rep parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-2228"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-05-14T18:20:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in portfolio/commentaires/derniers_commentaires.php in Cyberfolio 7.12, when register_globals is enabled, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the rep parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-52xq-v6m6-c8pw",
"modified": "2022-05-01T23:47:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:47:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-2228"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/42286"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/5567"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/30154"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/29124"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-5328-5QFM-F38V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:45 – Updated: 2022-05-01 18:45Unspecified vulnerability in nlnotes.dll in the client in IBM Lotus Notes 6.5, 7.0.x before 7.0.2 CCH or 7.0.3, and possibly 8.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted text in an e-mail message sent over SMTP.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2007-6706"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-03-09T02:44:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Unspecified vulnerability in nlnotes.dll in the client in IBM Lotus Notes 6.5, 7.0.x before 7.0.2 CCH or 7.0.3, and possibly 8.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted text in an e-mail message sent over SMTP.",
"id": "GHSA-5328-5qfm-f38v",
"modified": "2022-05-01T18:45:46Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T18:45:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-6706"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/40956"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/27279"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securitytracker.com/id?1019464"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www-1.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21271957"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2007/3597"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-533C-2VH9-4R86
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-13 17:18 – Updated: 2026-07-13 17:18Description
A privileged admin user who can edit an affected landing page can store arbitrary HTML/JavaScript in an HTML block, and the public page renders it with html_safe and no output escaping.
Technical description
This issue lets any admin who can edit an affected landing page store arbitrary HTML and JavaScript in an HTML block. The block is then rendered back through Decidim::ContentBlocks::HtmlCell#html_content without a sanitization boundary, so the script executes later in visitor's browsers.
Impact
- A user with landing-page editing rights for an affected scope can persist JavaScript that executes in visitor's browsers on that page.
- Because exploitation already requires privileged administrative access, the practical risk is lower than a participant-controlled or unauthenticated stored XSS. It still creates a browser-execution primitive in a trusted admin-editable surface.
Patches
See https://github.com/decidim/decidim/pull/16451
Workarounds
Do not give admin permissions to non-trustful users.
Reference
Stored XSS
Credits
This issue was discovered in a security audit organized by the Decidim Association and made by Radically Open Security against Decidim financed by NGI.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "decidim-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.30.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "decidim-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.31.0.rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "0.31.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "decidim-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.32.0.rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "0.32.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-45572"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-13T17:18:12Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Description\n \nA privileged admin user who can edit an affected landing page can store arbitrary HTML/JavaScript in an `HTML block`, and the public page renders it with `html_safe` and no output escaping.\n\n## Technical description\n \nThis issue lets any admin who can edit an affected landing page store arbitrary HTML and JavaScript in an `HTML block`. The block is then rendered back through `Decidim::ContentBlocks::HtmlCell#html_content` without a sanitization boundary, so the script executes later in visitor\u0027s browsers.\n\n\u003cimg width=\"1541\" height=\"439\" alt=\"decidim-html-xss-01\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/acae1c06-8acb-49be-ab12-aabae33190ce\" /\u003e\n\n\u003cimg width=\"1540\" height=\"752\" alt=\"decidim-html-xss-02\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/a2f1fa7f-03f3-4d17-b58b-f4db865443e9\" /\u003e\n\n\n### Impact\n\n- A user with landing-page editing rights for an affected scope can persist JavaScript that executes in visitor\u0027s browsers on that page.\n- Because exploitation already requires privileged administrative access, the practical risk is lower than a participant-controlled or unauthenticated stored XSS. It still creates a browser-execution primitive in a trusted admin-editable surface.\n\n### Patches\n\nSee https://github.com/decidim/decidim/pull/16451 \n\n### Workarounds\n\nDo not give admin permissions to non-trustful users. \n\n### Reference\n\nStored XSS\n\n### Credits\n\nThis issue was discovered in a security audit organized by the [Decidim Association](https://decidim.org) and made by [Radically Open Security](https://www.radicallyopensecurity.com/) against Decidim financed by [NGI](https://ngi.eu/).",
"id": "GHSA-533c-2vh9-4r86",
"modified": "2026-07-13T17:18:12Z",
"published": "2026-07-13T17:18:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/decidim/decidim/security/advisories/GHSA-533c-2vh9-4r86"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/decidim/decidim/pull/16451"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/decidim/decidim"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Decidim: HTML content blocks allow stored script execution"
}
GHSA-5348-X87R-X9HJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 06:12 – Updated: 2022-05-02 06:12Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in BitScripts Bits Video Script 2.05 Gold Beta, and possibly 2.04, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the rowptem[template] parameter to (1) showcasesearch.php and (2) showcase2search.php.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2010-0367"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2010-01-21T20:30:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in BitScripts Bits Video Script 2.05 Gold Beta, and possibly 2.04, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the rowptem[template] parameter to (1) showcasesearch.php and (2) showcase2search.php.",
"id": "GHSA-5348-x87r-x9hj",
"modified": "2022-05-02T06:12:12Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T06:12:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-0367"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/55740"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.packetstormsecurity.com/1001-exploits/bitsvs-xssuploadrfi.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-534F-4CXM-43GW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-14 00:31 – Updated: 2026-01-14 00:31NanoCMS 0.4 contains an authenticated file upload vulnerability that allows remote code execution through unvalidated page content creation. Authenticated attackers can upload PHP files with arbitrary code to the server's pages directory by exploiting the page creation mechanism without proper input sanitization.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-50898"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-13T23:15:51Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "NanoCMS 0.4 contains an authenticated file upload vulnerability that allows remote code execution through unvalidated page content creation. Authenticated attackers can upload PHP files with arbitrary code to the server\u0027s pages directory by exploiting the page creation mechanism without proper input sanitization.",
"id": "GHSA-534f-4cxm-43gw",
"modified": "2026-01-14T00:31:27Z",
"published": "2026-01-14T00:31:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-50898"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ishell/Exploits-Archives/blob/master/2009-exploits/0904-exploits/nanocms-multi.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kalyan02/NanoCMS"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/50997"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nanocms-remote-code-execution-rce-authenticated"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-534G-6JQ4-VQ89
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-22 03:30 – Updated: 2023-11-22 03:30It was discovered that a user with Fleet admin permissions could upload a malicious package. Due to using an older version of the js-yaml library, this package would be loaded in an insecure manner, allowing an attacker to execute commands on the Kibana server.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-22150"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-22T01:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "It was discovered that a user with Fleet admin permissions could upload a malicious package. Due to using an older version of the js-yaml library, this package would be loaded in an insecure manner, allowing an attacker to execute commands on the Kibana server.\n",
"id": "GHSA-534g-6jq4-vq89",
"modified": "2023-11-22T03:30:19Z",
"published": "2023-11-22T03:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22150"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://discuss.elastic.co/t/elastic-stack-7-14-1-security-update/283077"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.elastic.co/community/security"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5366-FF25-5H7F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-29 01:28 – Updated: 2022-04-29 01:28PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in D-Forum 1.00 through 1.11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the (1) my_header parameter to header.php3 or (2) my_footer parameter to footer.php3.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2003-1406"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2003-12-31T05:00:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in D-Forum 1.00 through 1.11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the (1) my_header parameter to header.php3 or (2) my_footer parameter to footer.php3.",
"id": "GHSA-5366-ff25-5h7f",
"modified": "2022-04-29T01:28:01Z",
"published": "2022-04-29T01:28:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2003-1406"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/11342"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/vulnwatch/2003-q1/0072.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/6879"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.