CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8342 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-24W5-RQ2Q-CF4C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-23 06:33 – Updated: 2025-07-23 06:33SAP FICA ODN framework allows a high privileged user to inject value inside the local variable which can then be executed by the application. An attacker could thereby control the behaviour of the application causing high impact on integrity, low impact on availability and no impact on confidentiality of the application.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-42947"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-23T04:15:44Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SAP FICA ODN framework allows a high privileged user to inject value inside the local variable which can then be executed by the application. An attacker could thereby control the behaviour of the application causing high impact on integrity, low impact on availability and no impact on confidentiality of the application.",
"id": "GHSA-24w5-rq2q-cf4c",
"modified": "2025-07-23T06:33:50Z",
"published": "2025-07-23T06:33:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-42947"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3540688"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-24WP-3277-85VF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-19 21:30 – Updated: 2025-03-25 18:30An issue in Termius Version 9.9.0 through v.9.16.0 allows a physically proximate attacker to execute arbitrary code via the insecure Electron Fuses configuration.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-57061"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-19T19:15:43Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue in Termius Version 9.9.0 through v.9.16.0 allows a physically proximate attacker to execute arbitrary code via the insecure Electron Fuses configuration.",
"id": "GHSA-24wp-3277-85vf",
"modified": "2025-03-25T18:30:53Z",
"published": "2025-03-19T21:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-57061"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://book.hacktricks.xyz/macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-proces-abuse/macos-electron-applications-injection"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sha999.medium.com/cve-2024-57061-termius-insufficient-electron-fuses-configuration-limited-disclosure-ab00d0970159"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.electron.build/tutorials/adding-electron-fuses.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-24WV-6C99-F843
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-19 19:55 – Updated: 2025-06-20 22:21Impact
Using the /locales/locale.json with the locale and namespace query parameters, a malicious actor is able to execute arbitrary code, without being authenticated.
With the ability to execute arbitrary code, this vulnerability can be exploited in an infinite number of ways. It could be used to gain access to the Panel's server, read credentials from the Panel's config (.env or otherwise), extract sensitive information from the database (such as user details [username, email, first and last name, hashed password, ip addresses, etc]), access files of servers managed by the panel, etc.
Patches
This vulnerability was patched by https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/commit/24c82b0e335fb5d7a844226b08abf9f176e592f0 and was released under the v1.11.11 tag without any other code modifications compared to v1.11.10.
For those who need to patch their installations in-place or apply it on top of other code modifications, a patch file can be retrieved from https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/commit/24c82b0e335fb5d7a844226b08abf9f176e592f0.patch and applied using git apply.
Workarounds
Other than patching the software, there is no workaround in this software. Disabling the /locales/locale.json endpoint at the webserver level is possible, but would break the localization feature wherever it is used.
The only other workaround relies on an external Web Application Firewall (WAF), such as Cloudflare's WAF with their default ruleset (requires Pro plan or above, Free doesn't have the proper ruleset) to mitigate this attack.
Updating to v1.11.11 or manually patching the software are the only recommended ways to completely mitigate this vulnerability.
User Notice
Shortly after the v1.11.11release and it's announcement, security researchers and malicious actors have been attempting to exploit this vulnerability. While there hasn't been any official confirmations of breaches or successful exploits of the vulnerability in the wild, it is only a matter of time for those who remain on unpatched versions without any workarounds in place.
The scope of this vulnerability cannot be fully described, anything is possible. It is of utmost importance that anyone running a vulnerable version of this software, patch it or update to the latest available version immediately.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.11.10"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "pterodactyl/panel"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.11.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-49132"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-06-19T19:55:27Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-20T17:15:41Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "## Impact\n\nUsing the `/locales/locale.json` with the `locale` and `namespace` query parameters, a malicious actor is able to execute arbitrary code, without being authenticated.\n\nWith the ability to execute arbitrary code, this vulnerability can be exploited in an infinite number of ways. It could be used to gain access to the Panel\u0027s server, read credentials from the Panel\u0027s config (`.env` or otherwise), extract sensitive information from the database (such as user details [username, email, first and last name, hashed password, ip addresses, etc]), access files of servers managed by the panel, etc.\n\n## Patches\n\nThis vulnerability was patched by https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/commit/24c82b0e335fb5d7a844226b08abf9f176e592f0 and was released under the [`v1.11.11`](https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/releases/tag/v1.11.11) tag without any other code modifications compared to `v1.11.10`.\n\nFor those who need to patch their installations in-place or apply it on top of other code modifications, a patch file can be retrieved from \u003chttps://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/commit/24c82b0e335fb5d7a844226b08abf9f176e592f0.patch\u003e and applied using `git apply`.\n\n## Workarounds\n\nOther than patching the software, there is no workaround in this software. Disabling the `/locales/locale.json` endpoint at the webserver level is possible, but would break the localization feature wherever it is used.\n\nThe only other workaround relies on an external Web Application Firewall (WAF), such as Cloudflare\u0027s WAF with their default ruleset (requires Pro plan or above, Free doesn\u0027t have the proper ruleset) to mitigate this attack.\n\nUpdating to [`v1.11.11`](https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/releases/tag/v1.11.11) or manually patching the software are the only recommended ways to completely mitigate this vulnerability.\n\n## User Notice\n\nShortly after the [`v1.11.11`](https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/releases/tag/v1.11.11)release and it\u0027s announcement, security researchers and malicious actors have been attempting to exploit this vulnerability. While there hasn\u0027t been any official confirmations of breaches or successful exploits of the vulnerability in the wild, it is only a matter of time for those who remain on unpatched versions without any workarounds in place.\n\nThe scope of this vulnerability cannot be fully described, anything is possible. It is of utmost importance that anyone running a vulnerable version of this software, patch it or update to the latest available version **immediately**.",
"id": "GHSA-24wv-6c99-f843",
"modified": "2025-06-20T22:21:14Z",
"published": "2025-06-19T19:55:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/security/advisories/GHSA-24wv-6c99-f843"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49132"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/commit/24c82b0e335fb5d7a844226b08abf9f176e592f0"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/releases/tag/v1.11.11"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Pterodactyl Panel Allows Unauthenticated Arbitrary Remote Code Execution"
}
GHSA-24X4-44MG-FFFP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:37 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:37Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in "Add Pen/Author Name" feature in addpen.php in AvailScript Article Script allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code by uploading a file with an executable extension, then accessing it via a direct request to the file in photos/.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-6900"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-08-06T00:30:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in \"Add Pen/Author Name\" feature in addpen.php in AvailScript Article Script allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code by uploading a file with an executable extension, then accessing it via a direct request to the file in photos/.",
"id": "GHSA-24x4-44mg-fffp",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:37:30Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:37:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-6900"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/47374"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/7456"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/31816"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/32821"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-252Q-QPH8-R7Q3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-06 15:31 – Updated: 2024-12-06 15:31Due to missing input validation during one step of the firmware update process, the product is vulnerable to remote code execution. With network access and the user level ”Service”, an attacker can execute arbitrary system commands in the root user’s contexts.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-10771"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-06T13:15:04Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Due to missing input validation during one step of the firmware update process, the product\nis vulnerable to remote code execution. With network access and the user level \u201dService\u201d, an attacker\ncan execute arbitrary system commands in the root user\u2019s contexts.",
"id": "GHSA-252q-qph8-r7q3",
"modified": "2024-12-06T15:31:19Z",
"published": "2024-12-06T15:31:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-10771"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cdn.sick.com/media/docs/1/11/411/Special_information_CYBERSECURITY_BY_SICK_en_IM0084411.PDF"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sick.com/psirt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/resources/ics-recommended-practices"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sick.com/.well-known/csaf/white/2024/sca-2024-0006.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sick.com/.well-known/csaf/white/2024/sca-2024-0006.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-253C-CRVF-XGFX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:30 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:30IBM Marketing Platform 9.1 before FP2 allows remote authenticated users to hijack sessions, and consequently read records, modify records, or conduct transactions, via an unspecified link injection.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-6309"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-06-28T00:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Marketing Platform 9.1 before FP2 allows remote authenticated users to hijack sessions, and consequently read records, modify records, or conduct transactions, via an unspecified link injection.",
"id": "GHSA-253c-crvf-xgfx",
"modified": "2022-05-17T01:30:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T01:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-6309"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/88559"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21676688"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2563-FP9C-MGM8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-06 21:30 – Updated: 2025-03-06 20:57In Moodle, a remote code execution risk was identified in the Shibboleth authentication plugin.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.11.0-beta"
},
{
"fixed": "3.11.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.10.0-beta"
},
{
"fixed": "3.10.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.9.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-36394"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-384",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-03-07T20:59:15Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-06T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In Moodle, a remote code execution risk was identified in the Shibboleth authentication plugin.",
"id": "GHSA-2563-fp9c-mgm8",
"modified": "2025-03-06T20:57:35Z",
"published": "2023-03-06T21:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-36394"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=424799"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Moodle Session Fixation vulnerability"
}
GHSA-256Q-R8JW-W2F7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:44 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:44PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in include/prodler.class.php in ProdLer 2.0 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the sPath parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2009-3324"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-09-23T12:08:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in include/prodler.class.php in ProdLer 2.0 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the sPath parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-256q-r8jw-w2f7",
"modified": "2022-05-02T03:44:01Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T03:44:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-3324"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/9728"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-258V-MVVR-5589
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 07:43 – Updated: 2025-01-17 15:32** DISPUTED ** PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in centipaid_class.php in CentiPaid 1.4.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a URL in the class_pwd parameter. NOTE: this issue has been disputed by CVE and multiple third parties, who state that $class_pwd is set to a static value before the relevant include statement.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2006-6975"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2007-02-08T17:28:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "** DISPUTED ** PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in centipaid_class.php in CentiPaid 1.4.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a URL in the class_pwd parameter. NOTE: this issue has been disputed by CVE and multiple third parties, who state that $class_pwd is set to a static value before the relevant include statement.",
"id": "GHSA-258v-mvvr-5589",
"modified": "2025-01-17T15:32:30Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T07:43:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-6975"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2006-10/0472.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2006-10/0494.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2006-10/0499.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.osvdb.org/31638"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-258W-XXXF-V3Q9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:31 – Updated: 2022-05-01 18:31Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in Trionic Cite CMS 1.2 rev9 and earlier allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the bField[bf_data] parameter to (1) interface/editors/-custom.php or (2) interface/editors/custom.php.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2007-5271"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2007-10-08T23:17:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in Trionic Cite CMS 1.2 rev9 and earlier allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the bField[bf_data] parameter to (1) interface/editors/-custom.php or (2) interface/editors/custom.php.",
"id": "GHSA-258w-xxxf-v3q9",
"modified": "2022-05-01T18:31:50Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T18:31:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-5271"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/36972"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/4485"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/27069"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/25933"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.